To analyze the relationship between serum non-HDL-C levels and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in community populations. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Yuecheng District Health Information Platform in Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province. The study cohort included individuals aged 40 years or older with no prior history of CVD who underwent physical examinations at Yuecheng District healthcare institutions between January and December 2019. A total of 39 038 participants were included, including 19 085 males (48.9%) and 19 953 females (51.1%), with a mean age of (73.64±9.10) years. The mean follow-up duration was 52.3 months. During follow-up, 1 227 CVD death events occurred. The results indicated a significant overall association between non-HDL-C levels and the risk of CVD mortality, including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. Cox models indicated that, using the ideal level of non-HDL-C as the reference, the hazard ratios (HRs) for risk of CVD death in the suitable level, borderline elevated level and elevated level groups were 1.24 (95% CI: 1.08-1.42), 1.57 (95% CI: 1.34-1.85) and 2.31 (95% CI: 1.87-2.86), respectively. The corresponding HRs for CHD death were 1.39 (95% CI: 1.10-1.76), 1.69 (95% CI: 1.28-2.12) and 2.53 (95% CI: 1.76-3.64), respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed significant interaction effects between non-HDL-C and sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, and diabetes (all P interaction<0.05). Sensitivity analyses confirmed that results were consistent with the primary findings regarding the association between non-HDL-C and CVD mortality risk. In conclusion, increasing non-HDL-C levels are associated with higher risks of death from cardiovascular diseases, including stroke and CHD. The risk of CVD death associated with elevated non-HDL-C is greater among males, individuals with a history of diabetes, smokers or drinkers. In the future, attention should be paid to the monitoring of non-HDL-C in community health management, and the intensive and personalized management of blood lipids in high-risk population should be strengthened.

To analyze the relationship between serum non-HDL-C levels and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in community populations. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Yuecheng District Health Information Platform in Shaoxing City, Zhejiang Province. The study cohort included individuals aged 40 years or older with no prior history of CVD who underwent physical examinations at Yuecheng District healthcare institutions between January and December 2019. A total of 39 038 participants were included, including 19 085 males (48.9%) and 19 953 females (51.1%), with a mean age of (73.64±9.10) years. The mean follow-up duration was 52.3 months. During follow-up, 1 227 CVD death events occurred. The results indicated a significant overall association between non-HDL-C levels and the risk of CVD mortality, including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. Cox models indicated that, using the ideal level of non-HDL-C as the reference, the hazard ratios (HRs) for risk of CVD death in the suitable level, borderline elevated level and elevated level groups were 1.24 (95% CI: 1.08-1.42), 1.57 (95% CI: 1.34-1.85) and 2.31 (95% CI: 1.87-2.86), respectively. The corresponding HRs for CHD death were 1.39 (95% CI: 1.10-1.76), 1.69 (95% CI: 1.28-2.12) and 2.53 (95% CI: 1.76-3.64), respectively. Subgroup analysis revealed significant interaction effects between non-HDL-C and sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, and diabetes (all P interaction<0.05). Sensitivity analyses confirmed that results were consistent with the primary findings regarding the association between non-HDL-C and CVD mortality risk. In conclusion, increasing non-HDL-C levels are associated with higher risks of death from cardiovascular diseases, including stroke and CHD. The risk of CVD death associated with elevated non-HDL-C is greater among males, individuals with a history of diabetes, smokers or drinkers. In the future, attention should be paid to the monitoring of non-HDL-C in community health management, and the intensive and personalized management of blood lipids in high-risk population should be strengthened.

Genistein and its monoglucoside derivatives play important roles in food and pharmaceuticals fields, whereas their applications are limited by the low water solubility. Glycosylation is regarded as one of the effective approaches to improve water solubility. In this paper, the glycosylation of sophoricoside (genistein monoglucoside) was investigated using a cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase from Penibacillus macerans (PmCGTase). Saturation mutagenesis of D182 from PmCGTase was carried out. Compared with the wild-type (WT), the variant D182C showed a 13.42% higher conversion ratio. Moreover, the main products sophoricoside monoglucoside, sophoricoside diglucoside, and sophoricoside triglucoside of the variant D182C increased by 39.35%, 56.05% and 64.81% compared with that of the WT, respectively. Enzymatic characterization showed that the enzyme activities (cyclization, hydrolysis, disproportionation) of the variant D182C were higher than that of the WT, and the optimal pH and temperature of the variant D182C were 6 and 40℃, respectively. Kinetics analysis showed the variant D182C has a lower K_m value and a higher k_cat/K_m value than that of the WT, indicating the variant D182C has enhanced affinity to substrate. Structure modeling and docking analysis demonstrated that the improved glycosylation efficiency of the variant D182C may be attributed to the increased interactions between residues and substrate.
Cyclodextrins ; Genistein ; Glucosyltransferases/metabolism* ; Glycosylation ; Kinetics

Objective    To summarize the experience of totally thoracoscopic cardiac surgery (TTCS) for atrial septal defect. Methods    Clinical data of 442 patients undergoing TTCS for atrial septal defect from May 2008 to December 2018 in Shanghai Yodak Cardiothoracic Hospital was analyzed retrospectively. There were 149 male and 293 female patients, aged 3-74 (29.1±14.3) years. Surgical procedures were performed through 3 ports at the right chest wall. Results    All the operations were completed successfully. Mean operative time was 1.5-4.6 (2.2±0.3) h. The mean extracorporeal circulation and aortic cross-clamp time was 28-118 (55.9±13.3) min and 8-78 (21.5±10.2) min, respectively. Mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit stay time was 3.5-122.0 (8.1±7.4) h and 13-141 (20.7±10.2) h, respectively. Postoperation drainage volume was 70-1 280 (251.8±131.5) mL. The hospital stay was 4-16 (7.1±1.4) d. Intraoperative and postoperative complications occurred in 15 patients (3.3%). The mean follow-up time was 1-128 (67.6±33.3) months, and during the period, there were 25 patients of atrial fibrillation, 25 patients of mild-moderate tricuspid valve incompetence, 1 patient of moderate tricuspid valve incompetence. There was no reoperation or residual shunt during the period of follow-up. And the heart function was improved. Conclusion    TTCS is a feasible, safe and minimal invasive approach for patients with atrial septal defect and has good short to medium-term outcomes.

Objective    To summarize the experience of totally thoracoscopic cardiac surgery for ventricular septal defect. Methods    Clinical data of 449 patients undergoing totally thoracoscopic cardiac surgery for ventricular septal defect from May 2008 to December 2018 in Shanghai Yodak Cardiothoracic Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. There were 232 male and 217 female patients, aged from 3 to 55 years with a mean age of 17.3±11.2 years. Results    All the operations were completed successfully. Mean operative time was 2.4±0.3 h. The mean extracorporeal circulation time and aortic cross-clamp time was 64.2±11.6 min and 28.4±10.7 min, respectively. Mechanical ventilation time and intensive care unit stay was 6.9±3.8 h and 20.5±5.6 h, respectively. Postoperation drainage quantity was 213.1±117.2 mL. The hospital stay was 6.9±1.3 d. Intraoperative and postoperative complications occurred in 11 patients (2.4%), including 1 patient of intraoperative reoperation, 3 patients of reoperation for bleeding, 3 patients of the incision infection, 2 patients of small residual shunt, 1 patient of right femoral artery incision stenosis complicated by thromboembolism and 1 patient of right pleural cavity pneumothorax. The mean follow-up time was 72.2±33.9 months. During the period, there was no reoperation, but 2 patients of ventricular septal defect small residual shunt, 1 patient of mild-moderate mitral valve and 1 patient of mild-moderate aortic valve incompetence, respectively. During the period, heart function of the patients was NYHAⅠ-Ⅱ. Conclusion    Totally thoracoscopic cardiac surgery for ventricular septal defect is a safe and effective treatment, with few serious complications, fast recovery for patients and good short to medium-term outcomes.

Objective To summarize the clinical outcome of totally thoracoscopic cardiac surgery for mitral valve replacement.Methods Clinical data of 634 cases undergoing totally thoracoscopic cardiac surgery for mitral valve replacement from May 2004 to February 2016 in Department of Thoracoscopic Cardiacsurgery,Shanghai Yodak Cardiothoracic Hospital was analyzed retrospectively.There were 292 male and 342 female patients,aged from 17 to 68 years with a mean of(45±13)years.All the 634 patients had moderate-severe mitral valve stenosis and(or)incompetence,263 patients had moderate-severe tricuspid valve incompetence,356 patients had atrial fibrillation,46 patients had left atrium thrombosis.Cardiopulmonary bypass was established with right femoral artery and a single 2 stage venus cannula in the right atrium.The ascending aorta was cross-clamped and the myocardium was protected by coronary perfusion with cold crystalloid cardioplegia.Totally thoracoscopic mitral valve replacement were performed.Results Thirteen cases had incision expanded and 8 cases had conversions to sternotomy.Cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross-clamp time were(89±18)minutes and(51±12)minutes,respectively.Operation time was(3.1±1.2)hours.Mechanical ventilation time and intensive care unit stay were(17±6)hours and(27±8)hours,respectively.Postoperation drainage quantity was(390±70)ml.The hospital days was(9.2±2.1)days.There were 5 cases in-hospital deaths.Postoperative complications occurred in 42 cases(6.6％),including 18 cases of right hemoneumothorax,12 cases of reoperation for bleeding,3 cases of perivalvular leakage(reoperation was done in 1 patient),3 cases of low cardiac output syndrome,2 cases of acute renal failure,2 cases of inferior vena cava injury,1 case of right femoral artery thrombosis and liver injury,respectively.The mean duration of follow-up was(58±9)months in 608 cases,with a follow-up rate of 96.7％(608/629).Three patients had died during the period of follow-up caused by congestive heart failure(2 patients)and stroke(1 patient).Late complication among 605 survivors were 37 cases,including 32 cases of moderate tricuspid valve insufficiency,3 cases of stroke,1 case of perivalvular leakage and infective endocarditis,respectively.There was no reoperation during the period of follow-up.Conclusion Totally thoracoscopic cardiac surgery for mitral valve replacement is safe and effective,with unique superiority and clinical feasible.

Objective To summarize the clinical outcome of totally thoracoscopic cardiac surgery for mitral valve replacement.Methods Clinical data of 634 cases undergoing totally thoracoscopic cardiac surgery for mitral valve replacement from May 2004 to February 2016 in Department of Thoracoscopic Cardiacsurgery,Shanghai Yodak Cardiothoracic Hospital was analyzed retrospectively.There were 292 male and 342 female patients,aged from 17 to 68 years with a mean of(45±13)years.All the 634 patients had moderate-severe mitral valve stenosis and(or)incompetence,263 patients had moderate-severe tricuspid valve incompetence,356 patients had atrial fibrillation,46 patients had left atrium thrombosis.Cardiopulmonary bypass was established with right femoral artery and a single 2 stage venus cannula in the right atrium.The ascending aorta was cross-clamped and the myocardium was protected by coronary perfusion with cold crystalloid cardioplegia.Totally thoracoscopic mitral valve replacement were performed.Results Thirteen cases had incision expanded and 8 cases had conversions to sternotomy.Cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross-clamp time were(89±18)minutes and(51±12)minutes,respectively.Operation time was(3.1±1.2)hours.Mechanical ventilation time and intensive care unit stay were(17±6)hours and(27±8)hours,respectively.Postoperation drainage quantity was(390±70)ml.The hospital days was(9.2±2.1)days.There were 5 cases in-hospital deaths.Postoperative complications occurred in 42 cases(6.6％),including 18 cases of right hemoneumothorax,12 cases of reoperation for bleeding,3 cases of perivalvular leakage(reoperation was done in 1 patient),3 cases of low cardiac output syndrome,2 cases of acute renal failure,2 cases of inferior vena cava injury,1 case of right femoral artery thrombosis and liver injury,respectively.The mean duration of follow-up was(58±9)months in 608 cases,with a follow-up rate of 96.7％(608/629).Three patients had died during the period of follow-up caused by congestive heart failure(2 patients)and stroke(1 patient).Late complication among 605 survivors were 37 cases,including 32 cases of moderate tricuspid valve insufficiency,3 cases of stroke,1 case of perivalvular leakage and infective endocarditis,respectively.There was no reoperation during the period of follow-up.Conclusion Totally thoracoscopic cardiac surgery for mitral valve replacement is safe and effective,with unique superiority and clinical feasible.