OBJECTIVE: Patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection frequently develop central nervous system damage, yet the mechanisms driving this pathology remain unclear. This study investigated the primary pathways and key factors underlying brain tissue damage induced by the SARS-CoV-2 beta variant (lineage B.1.351). METHODS: K18-hACE2 and C57BL/6 mice were intranasally infected with the SARS-CoV-2 beta variant. Viral replication, pathological phenotypes, and brain transcriptomes were analyzed. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was performed to identify altered pathways. Expression changes of host genes were verified using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. RESULTS: Pathological alterations were observed in the lungs of both mouse strains. However, only K18-hACE2 mice exhibited elevated viral RNA loads and infectious titers in the brain at 3 days post-infection, accompanied by neuropathological injury and weight loss. GO analysis of infected K18-hACE2 brain tissue revealed significant dysregulation of genes associated with innate immunity and antiviral defense responses, including type I interferons, pro-inflammatory cytokines, Toll-like receptor signaling components, and interferon-stimulated genes. Neuroinflammation was evident, alongside activation of apoptotic and pyroptotic pathways. Furthermore, altered neural cell marker expression suggested viral-induced neuroglial activation, resulting in caspase 4 and lipocalin 2 release and disruption of neuronal molecular networks. CONCLUSION These findings elucidate mechanisms of neuropathogenicity associated with the SARS-CoV-2 beta variant and highlight therapeutic targets to mitigate COVID-19-related neurological dysfunction.
Animals ; COVID-19/genetics* ; Mice ; Brain/metabolism* ; Apoptosis ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; SARS-CoV-2/physiology* ; Pyroptosis ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Transcriptome ; Male ; Female

Objective To assess the cost-effectiveness of near-infrared spectroscopy for regional cerebral and tissue oxygen saturation monitoring(NIRS)during cardiac surgery.Methods From the perspective of China's healthcare system,a short-term decision tree model was developed using Microsoft Excel to evaluate the perioperative health outcomes and costs of cardiac surgery patients using NIRS compared to those without using NIRS(non-NIRS).Clinical data were derived from published meta-analysis literature,and cost data were sourced from published literature and expert survey.The model output metrics involved in quality-adjusted life years(QALYs),number of postoperative complication events and cost.One-way and probability sensitivity analyses were applied to validating the robustness of results.Results Basic case analysis showed that compared to non-NIRS in cardiac surgery,using NIRS monitoring increased 0.001 5 QALYs while avoiding 0.27 person-time postoperative complications(including postoperative delirium,postoperative cognitive impairment,acute kidney injury and death),reducing 1.61 days of general ward stay and 0.41 days of ICU stay and resulting in a total cost savings of 2 425.30 CNY per treatment.Sensitivity analysis demonstrated the robustness of results.Conclusion NIRS monitoring has significant clini-cal and economic values in reducing postoperative complications and lowering medical costs in cardiac surgery.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(12):82-88]

Objective To assess the cost-effectiveness of near-infrared spectroscopy for regional cerebral and tissue oxygen saturation monitoring(NIRS)during cardiac surgery.Methods From the perspective of China's healthcare system,a short-term decision tree model was developed using Microsoft Excel to evaluate the perioperative health outcomes and costs of cardiac surgery patients using NIRS compared to those without using NIRS(non-NIRS).Clinical data were derived from published meta-analysis literature,and cost data were sourced from published literature and expert survey.The model output metrics involved in quality-adjusted life years(QALYs),number of postoperative complication events and cost.One-way and probability sensitivity analyses were applied to validating the robustness of results.Results Basic case analysis showed that compared to non-NIRS in cardiac surgery,using NIRS monitoring increased 0.001 5 QALYs while avoiding 0.27 person-time postoperative complications(including postoperative delirium,postoperative cognitive impairment,acute kidney injury and death),reducing 1.61 days of general ward stay and 0.41 days of ICU stay and resulting in a total cost savings of 2 425.30 CNY per treatment.Sensitivity analysis demonstrated the robustness of results.Conclusion NIRS monitoring has significant clini-cal and economic values in reducing postoperative complications and lowering medical costs in cardiac surgery.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(12):82-88]

Objective To develop two multi-dimensional value evaluation index systems for intraocular lens(IOL)to assist decision makers in selecting appropriate IOLs.Methods IOL value assessment indexes were determined preliminarily through literature research and expert consultation,and the weights of the indexes were calculated through hierarchical analysis method and then ranked to form two evaluation index systems.Results Two multi-dimensional value evaluation index systems were constructed for monofocal and refractive IOLs respectively,which both contained 3 first-level indicators and 13 second-level indicators;the evaluation index system for monofocal IOL involved in 26 third-level indicators,and the other for refractive IOL had 33 third-level indicators.The three first-level indicators of the two systems were ranked by weight as clinical dimension,economic dimension and institutional dimension.The monofocal IOL evaluation index system had product performance being the second-level indicator with the highest weight,and the top three third-level indicators with the highest weights being lens capsule biocompatibility,risk of intraocular lens damage during implantation and range of applicable populations;the refractive IOL evaluation index system had clinical efficacy(vision)being the second-level indicator with the highest weight,and the top three third-level indicators with the highest weights being distant vision,(astigmatism)rotational stability/postoperative axial rotation and near vision.Conclusion The multi-dimensional value evaluation index systems developed provide references for comprehensive value evaluation of IOLs.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2023,44(11):83-89]

Objective:To analyze the detection strategy and basic detection situation of markers of infectious diseases transmitted by transfusion in blood testing laboratories of blood stations in China.Methods:Based on the data of practice comparison working party of Blood Stations in Mainland of China from 2017 to 2021, the data on the testing strategies and the basic detection information of the markers for the transmission of infectious diseases through transfusion in the member laboratories of the practice comparison working party of Blood Stations in Mainland of China from 2017 to 2021 were collected, and the situation of the selection for testing markers, testing strategy and the testing method and other relevant aspects were sorted out and analyzed by charts.Results:The selection of the testing markers was consistent, but HTLV testing item was added in some member laboratories. The detection strategy of using two ELISA reagents and one nucleic acid testing (NAT) reagent simultaneously was adopted in 47 member blood stations; 3) NAT method was dominated by mini pool-NAT in member laboratories. The number of members adopting mini-pools of 8 (MP8)-NAT decreased from 17 in 2017 to 14 in 2021, while the number of members adopting mini-pools of 6 (MP6)-NAT increased from 13 in 2017 to 22 in 2021; Roche NAT system accounted for the largest proportion.Conclusions:In order to ensure blood safety and avoid missing detection, the blood stations still adopt the detection strategy of using two ELISA reagents and one nucleic acid testing (NAT) reagent simultaneously; Meanwhile, in order to increase the NAT positive rate, the proportion of mini pool-NAT mainly decreased year by year despite its dominating role, while the proportion of individual donation-NAT increased year by year; NAT method is transiting from mini-pools of 8 (MP8) to mini-pools of 6 (MP6); The proportion of imported NAT system used in NAT laboratory is relatively large.

ObjectiveTo predict the active ingredients and mechanism of action of lavender in protecting skin photodamage based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology，and further verify possible signal pathways via animal experiments. MethodThe active ingredients and potential targets of lavender were obtained by SwissTargetPrediction，PharmMapper， and literature. Skin photodamage-related targets were searched from GeneCards，Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man （OMIM），DrugBank and DisGeNET databases. After common targets of the two were screened out，STRING was adopted to analyze the protein-protein interaction （PPI） network，where topological analysis and core target screening were performed by CytoNCA plug-in of Cytoscape 3.8.2. Based on DAVID， gene ontology （GO） annotations and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway enrichment analysis were carried out among the intersection targets， and the active ingredients of lavender and the signal pathway proteins were selected and verified via molecular docking with AutoDock vina 1.1.2. Finally， mouse photodamage model was established by UVB irradiating the bare skin of mouse back， and the skin condition was observed by naked eyes. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and picric acid-acid fuchsin staining （Van Gieson， VG） were used to observe the pathological changes of mouse skin tissues. Western blot was employed to detect the protein expression in mouse skin tissues to further validate the key signal pathways. ResultIn this study，6 active ingredients of lavender，526 potential targets，2 688 disease-related targets，and 258 intersection targets were screened out， and 16 core targets were obtained by PPI network. Additionally， 113 related signal pathways were obtained by KEGG pathway analysis，among which phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B （PI3K/Akt） pathway and nuclear transcription factor-κB （NF-κB） signal pathway might play a key role in skin photodamage protection by lavender. Molecular docking showed that the active ingredients and the signal pathway proteins were well docked. Animal experiments indicated that the total flavonoids of lavender improved the appearance and histopathological condition of mouse skin， reduced the relative expression levels of phosphorylated（p）-PI3K，p-Akt，and B cell lymphoma 2 （Bcl-2） proteins （P<0.05，P<0.01）， and increased relative expression level of Bcl-2-associated X protein（Bax） （P<0.05）. ConclusionLavender exerts synergistic effect in resisting skin photodamage，with the characteristics of multi-components，multi-targets，and multi-pathways， which provides a basis for subsequent in-depth research on the complex mechanism of lavender against skin photodamage.

Mycena subpiligera, a new taxon in sect. Fragilipedes that can strongly enhance the germination efficiency of Gastrodia elata seeds, was discovered in subtropical areas of China. As revealed by a morphological comparison with related Mycena species as well as maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the large subunit (LSU) regions of nuclear ribosomal RNA, the new taxon can be distinguished from phenotypically similar and phylogenetically related species. Optimal cultural conditions for M. subpiligera basidiomata are reported, and the germination rate of the new species is compared with that of M. citrinomarginata.

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/virology* ; COVID-19/virology* ; Feces/virology* ; Genome, Viral ; Humans ; Mouth Mucosa/virology* ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Nasal Mucosa/virology* ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics* ; Sputum/virology* ; Whole Genome Sequencing

Objective To explore the theories, content and approaches of integrating physical activity in children's eye health service system in the context of health services. Methods From the perspectives of six building blocks of WHO health system, namely, leadership and governance, financing, human resources for health, service delivery, medical technology, and health information system, we analyzed the policy framework and key contents related to school-based eye health and physical activity, and explored how to promote the implementation of physical activity into the school-based eye health service system, and the integration of physical activity into the eye health continuum: prevention, intervention, rehabilitation, and health promotion. Results In perspective of health system, the integration of physical activity into school-based eye health services should be in accordance with the five principles of cross-cutting health services, namely, universal accessibility and equity, human rights, evidence-based, life-span, and empowerment. According to the World Vision Report, WHO advocates to build a person-centered eye health service system, and person-centeredness is the core concept of the new model of school-based eye health services and physical activity integration. WHO advocates a school-based approach to education and physical activity in health-promoting schools to promote student health, physical activity as a preventive, interventional, rehabilitation and health promotive measure related to children's eye health, and vigorously train professionals within schools who have knowledge and skills related to physical activity and eye health, build an information system on physical activity and children's eye health, and promote the integration of physical activity into the school-based eye health service system. Conclusion Physical activity is an important measure to promote children's eye health and an important component to achieve a person-centered eye health service system. Based on the six building blocks of the WHO health service system, a school-based eye health service that integrates a theoretical and methodological system of physical activity is constructed, requiring the provision of health promotion methods such as education and physical activity in the school setting, to enhance leadership and governance of eye health services based on educational and physical activity approaches in the school setting, establish new funding mechanisms, provide financial security, develop human resources related to physical activity for eye health, improve related service delivery systems, develop high-quality physical activity intervention eye health techniques and equipment, and integrate information on children's physical activity and eye health into school health information systems to achieve children's eye health and promote their physical and mental development.

BACKGROUND: The significant morbidity and mortality resulted from the infection of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) call for urgent development of effective and safe vaccines. We report the immunogenicity and safety of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, KCONVAC, in healthy adults. METHODS: Phase 1 and phase 2 randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trials of KCONVAC were conducted in healthy Chinese adults aged 18 to 59 years. The participants in the phase 1 trial were randomized to receive two doses, one each on Days 0 and 14, of either KCONVAC (5 or 10 μg/dose) or placebo. The participants in the phase 2 trial were randomized to receive either KCONVAC (at 5 or 10 μg/dose) or placebo on Days 0 and 14 (0/14 regimen) or Days 0 and 28 (0/28 regimen). In the phase 1 trial, the primary safety endpoint was the proportion of participants experiencing adverse reactions/events within 28 days following the administration of each dose. In the phase 2 trial, the primary immunogenicity endpoints were neutralization antibody seroconversion and titer and anti-receptor-binding domain immunoglobulin G seroconversion at 28 days after the second dose. RESULTS: In the phase 1 trial, 60 participants were enrolled and received at least one dose of 5-μg vaccine (n = 24), 10-μg vaccine (n = 24), or placebo (n = 12). In the phase 2 trial, 500 participants were enrolled and received at least one dose of 5-μg vaccine (n = 100 for 0/14 or 0/28 regimens), 10-μg vaccine (n = 100 for each regimen), or placebo (n = 50 for each regimen). In the phase 1 trial, 13 (54%), 11 (46%), and seven (7/12) participants reported at least one adverse event (AE) after receiving 5-, 10-μg vaccine, or placebo, respectively. In the phase 2 trial, 16 (16%), 19 (19%), and nine (18%) 0/14-regimen participants reported at least one AE after receiving 5-, 10-μg vaccine, or placebo, respectively. Similar AE incidences were observed in the three 0/28-regimen treatment groups. No AEs with an intensity of grade 3+ were reported, expect for one vaccine-unrelated serious AE (foot fracture) reported in the phase 1 trial. KCONVAC induced significant antibody responses; 0/28 regimen showed a higher immune responses than that did 0/14 regimen after receiving two vaccine doses. CONCLUSIONS: Both doses of KCONVAC are well tolerated and able to induce robust immune responses in healthy adults. These results support testing 5-μg vaccine in the 0/28 regimen in an upcoming phase 3 efficacy trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx (No. ChiCTR2000038804, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=62350; No. ChiCTR2000039462, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=63353).
Adult ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Double-Blind Method ; Humans ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Vaccines, Inactivated/adverse effects*