The 2025 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Annual Meeting was held in Chicago. At the meeting, researches on the treatment of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) once again took the spotlight. Combination therapy strategies have demonstrated the potential to overcome resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) and prolong survival. Meanwhile, progress has also been made in individualized treatment strategies for young patients and those with fibrotic interstitial lung disease. However, the complexity of resistance mechanisms, special treatment considerations for different populations, and the impact of socioeconomic factors on treatment accessibility remain challenges in the field of EGFR-mutant NSCLC treatment. In the future, it is necessary to further explore more effective treatment regimens and expand the accessibility of precision medicine to maximize patient benefits.

The 26th World Conference on Lung Cancer (WCLC) was held in Barcelona during September 6-9, 2025. As the world's largest and most influential academic meeting in the field of lung cancer, this year's congress unveiled long-term follow-up data from several pivotal studies and significant advances in novel therapeutic strategies. In the realm of targeted therapy, a next-generation combination strategy has been established as the new standard of care for the first-line treatment of patients with advanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), demonstrating a significant improvement in overall survival. In immunotherapy, novel combination regimens have not only addressed the therapeutic challenge of acquired resistance to EGFR targeted therapies, but also shown clear long-term survival benefits in both the perioperative and locally advanced settings. These findings pave the way for shifting the treatment paradigm to earlier stages for patients with NSCLC. Antibody-drug conjugates have made remarkable strides in this field. They have shown outstanding efficacy in patients with specific resistance mutations and those with brain metastases, and have also demonstrated immense potential in treating patients with HER2-aberrant lung cancer and broader NSCLC populations. This offers new therapeutic options for patients with refractory lung cancer.However, significant challenges remain, including the heterogeneity of resistance mechanisms, the selection of optimal treatment regimens, and management strategies for special populations. Future research should focus on identifying novel precision biomarkers and optimizing therapeutic strategies to ultimately improve clinical outcomes for all patients with lung cancer.

With the rising incidence of colon cancer, several studies have indicated that aquaporin 1 (AQP1) expression is associated with the development of colon cancer. This study aims to elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms between them. Methods: We screened data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and retrospectively examined AQP1 protein expression in 127 colon cancer patients to analyze the relationship between AQP1 expression and pathological stages, prognosis. We created stable colon cancer cell lines with differential AQP1 expression, the effect of AQP1 expression on the proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells was assessed by in vitro and in vivo studies, and explored potential molecular mechanisms through Western blotting. Results: High AQP1 expression was associated with poorer survival (overall survival [OS], p = .028) in colon cancer patients from the TCGA database. Similarly, retrospective clinical data indicated that high AQP1 expression was associated with reduced disease-free survival and OS (p = .036 and p = .017, respectively). The low-expressing AQP1 colon cancer cells exhibited a decrease in proliferation and migration ability of colon cancer cells compared to the overexpressing AQP1 group (p < .05) in vitro and in vivo. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting experiments validated heightened expression of N-cadherin, vimentin, and claudin- 1 in the tumor tissues of the overexpressing AQP1 group. Conversely, reduced AQP1 expression resulted in decreased expression of claudin- 1. Conclusions: AQP1 correlates with unfavorable prognosis in colon cancer and potentially enhances the proliferation and migration of colon cancer by up-regulating claudin-1 expression.

Objective To investigate the performance of serum epithelial fatty acid-binding protein (E-FABP) and epithelial neutrophil-activating peptide-78 (ENA-78) levels combined with computed tomography angiography (CTA) in assessing the severity of coronary atherosclerotic (CA) stenosis in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods A total of 160 CHD patients admitted to our hospital between October 2021 and October 2023 were enrolled. Based on coronary angiography results, patients were divided into a mild stenosis group (65 cases) and a moderate-to-severe stenosis group (95 cases). All patients underwent CTA. Serum levels of E-FABP and ENA-78 were measured using ELISA. Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted to determine the diagnostic cutoff value of CTA combined with serum E-FABP and ENA-78 for assessing CA stenosis severity. A fourfold table was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance of CTA combined with serum E-FABP and ENA-78. Results CTA identified 64 patients with stenosis <50% and 96 patients with stenosis ≥50%. The agreement rates between CTA and coronary angiography were 87.69% in the mild group and 92.63% in the moderate-to-severe group. Serum levels of E-FABP and ENA-78 were significantly higher in the moderate-to-severe group than in the mild group (P<0.05). According to receiver operating characteristic analysis, the areas under the curve for E-FABP, ENA-78, and CTA in diagnosing CA stenosis severity were 0.828, 0.855, and 0.901, respectively. The areas under the curve for their combined use was 0.986. The diagnostic accuracies of CTA, E-FABP, and ENA-78 were 90.63%, 83.75%, and 83.23%, respectively, while the combined approach achieved a diagnostic accuracy of 93.13%. Conclusion Serum levels of E-FABP and ENA-78 are significantly elevated in CHD patients with moderate-to-severe CA stenosis. The combination of CTA with E-FABP and ENA-78 can improve the accuracy of assessing the severity of CA stenosis.

Objective: To explore the association of physical activity and sugar sweetened beverage consumption with psychological sub health among middle school students in Bao an District, Shenzhen, so as to provide a reference for adolescent mental health promotion. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted in November 2024 by a stratified cluster random sampling method to select 6 926 junior and senior middle school students from 5 middle schools in Shenzhen. The questionnaire from Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System was used to assess the consumption of sugar sweetened beverages, and physical activity Rating Scale was used to assess the level of physical activity, and Brief Instrument on Psychological Health of Youths was used to evaluate the psychological sub health status. The Chi -square test was used to analyze the differences in the detection rates of psychological sub health among different groups of middle school students, and a multivariate Logistic regression model was established to analyze the effects of physical activity and sugar sweetened beverage consumption and their combined effects on the psychological sub health of middle school students. Results: The detection rate of psychological sub health among middle school students in Bao an District, Shenzhen was 18.93%. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that, after controlling for confounding factors such as gender, school stage, family residence, family economic status, parental literacy, academic stress and number of friends, lack of physical activity or excessive sugar sweetened beverage consumption were associated with increased risks of psychological sub health among middle school students ( OR =1.36, 1.45); and the highest risk of psychological sub health was found in middle school students who were lack of physical activity and excessive sugar sweetened beverage consumption ( OR =2.59) ( P <0.01). Further analysis by school stages showed that junior high school students with sufficient physical activity and excessive intake of sugary drinks ( ROR =2.10), lack of physical activity and excessive intake of sugary drinks ( ROR =2.31) were at higher risks of psychological sub health than senior high school students( P <0.05). Conclusions Insufficient physical activity and excessive sugar sweetened beverage consumption are closely associated with an increased risk of psychological sub health among middle school students. Effective interventions should be targeted to reduce the risk of psychological sub health problems among middle school students.

Objective To investigate the relationship between tooth loss and the occurrence of esophageal cancer in a natural village in Wenfeng District, Anyang City, Henan Province. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted to observe the occurrence of tooth loss and esophageal cancer among the asymptomatic residents of the natural village for 16 years from January 2008 to July 2024. Data were analyzed by chi-square test, binary logistic regression, and restricted cubic spline. Results Among the total population of 711 cases, 136 cases were lost to follow-up and 575 cases were included in the final statistics, including 45 cases with esophageal cancer. Significant statistical difference was found between esophageal cancer patients with and without tooth loss (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that tooth loss was associated with the occurrence of esophageal cancer (OR=3.977, 95%CI: 1.543-10.255). After the adjustment for confounders, tooth loss remained significantly associated with the occurrence of esophageal cancer (OR=3.038, 95%CI: 1.035-8.914). A nonlinear dose-response relationship was observed between the number of teeth lost and the incidence of esophageal cancer. When the number of teeth lost was less than 12, the risk of esophageal cancer increased with the number of teeth lost. When more than 12 teeth were lost, the risk of esophageal cancer decreased as the number of teeth lost increased. Conclusion Tooth loss is a risk factor for the occurrence of esophageal cancer in this natural village. When the number of teeth lost is less than 12, the risk of esophageal cancer increases with the number of teeth lost.

Immobilized enzyme-based enzyme electrode biosensors, characterized by high sensitivity and efficiency, strong specificity, and compact size, demonstrate broad application prospects in life science research, disease diagnosis and monitoring, etc. Immobilization of enzyme is a critical step in determining the performance (stability, sensitivity, and reproducibility) of the biosensors. Random immobilization (physical adsorption, covalent cross-linking, etc.) can easily bring about problems, such as decreased enzyme activity and relatively unstable immobilization. Whereas, directional immobilization utilizing amino acid residue mutation, affinity peptide fusion, or nucleotide-specific binding to restrict the orientation of the enzymes provides new possibilities to solve the problems caused by random immobilization. In this paper, the principles, advantages and disadvantages and the application progress of enzyme electrode biosensors of different directional immobilization strategies for enzyme molecular sensing elements by specific amino acids (lysine, histidine, cysteine, unnatural amino acid) with functional groups introduced based on site-specific mutation, affinity peptides (gold binding peptides, carbon binding peptides, carbohydrate binding domains) fused through genetic engineering, and specific binding between nucleotides and target enzymes (proteins) were reviewed, and the application fields, advantages and limitations of various immobilized enzyme interface characterization techniques were discussed, hoping to provide theoretical and technical guidance for the creation of high-performance enzyme sensing elements and the manufacture of enzyme electrode sensors.

Functional dyspepsia(FD)is a common functional gastrointestinal disease in clinical practice,which has the characteristics of high incidence,difficult to cure,and recurrence.FD belongs to the categories of"ruffian"and"stomach pain"in TCM,and the disease is located in the stomach,which is closely related to the liver and spleen,and the syndrome of liver depression and spleen deficiency is the most common.This article summarized the literature related to the TCM treatment for FD with liver depression and spleen deficiency syndrome,and concluded the clinical application,efficacy characteristics and mechanism,so as to provide reference for clinical treatment and basic research.The analysis found that the clinical efficacy of TCM in the treatment of FD is significant,which can not only improve the digestive symptoms of patients,but also improve their anxiety and depression state and daily life quality,and has the characteristics of overall regulation,syndrome differentiation and treatment,and improvement of physical fitness.Its mechanism may involve multiple pathways and levels such as abnormal gastric motility,abnormal brain-intestinal interaction and immune inflammatory response.

Objective To explore the correlation between psoas major index(PMI)in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)and prognosis after rituximab,cyclophosphamide,doxorubicin,vincristine,prednisone(R-CHOP)chemotherapy.Methods Totally 148 DLBCL patients who received R-CHOP chemotherapy were retrospectively enrolled.Based on axis CT image at L3 vertebral transverse process,bilateral psoas muscles were delineated,and PMI was calculated.Then the patients were divided into muscle reduction group(≤lower quartile,n=37)and control group(＞lower quartile,n=111)according to the lower quartile of PMI.Clinical and imaging data were compared between groups,and the correlations of PMI with the above indexes were analyzed.The impact factors of prognosis of DLBCL were observed.Results Significant differences of body mass index(BMI),Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group(ECOG)score,international prognostic index(IPI),the proportion of B symptoms,mortality rate,3-year survival rate,β2-microglobulin,hemoglobin,albumin and PMI were found between groups(all P＜0.05).PMI of DLBCL patient was negatively correlated with age,ECOG score,IPI,β2-microglobulin and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)(r=—0.126,-0.225,—0.262,—0.232,—0.229,all P＜0.05),but positively correlated with BMI and hemoglobin(r=0.282,0.376,both P＜0.05).The age,ECOG score,IPI and PMI were all independent impact factors of overall survival in DLBCL patients(all P＜0.05).Conclusion PMI was an independent impact factor of prognosis of DLBCL after R-CHOP chemotherapy.

Aim To investigate the association of triglyceride-glucose(TyG)index with microvascular obstruction(MVO)after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)in patients with ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction(STEMI).Methods Individual patient-data were pooled from 310 patients with STEMI underwent emergency PCI in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital,the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School from June 2018 to June 2021 for a prospective analysis.A week following the operation,cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was used to evaluate the MVO region and the patients were divided into two groups based on whether MVO occured after PCI:the MVO group(n=183)and the non-MVO group(n=127).The clinical data of the two groups were compared,and the linear relationship between TyG index and MVO was described using restricted cubic splines(RCS).Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to correct for confounding factors and identify independent risk factors for MVO occurrence.Results After adjustment for confounding factors,TyG index was an independent risk factor for MVO after emergency PCI in STEMI patients,and every 1-unit increased in TyG index,the risk of MVO increased by 1.24 times(OR=2.24,95％CI:1.07～4.71,P=0.033).The RCS curve analysis results showed that there was a linear re-lationship between the TyG index and the occurrence of MVO after emergency PCI(non-linear correlation test P=0.47).When the TyG index was greater than 9.5,the risk of MVO after emergency PCI significantly increased.Conclusion An increased TyG index is postively associated with the incidence of MVO in STEMI patients who have undergone PCI,and has clinical significantce for early prevention and risk stratification of MVO in STEMI patients.