1.Gene-predicted associations between 731 immune cell phenotypes and rheumatoid arthritis
Fengzhi LIU ; Yuna DONG ; Wenyi TIAN ; Chunlei WANG ; Xiaodong LIANG ; Lin BAO
Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research 2026;30(5):1311-1319
BACKGROUND:Rheumatoid arthritis is widely prevalent worldwide,with its high incidence and universality that considerably affects patients' quality of life.Previous studies have focused on a few immune cells or cytokines,whereas this study comprehensively provides a more complete view of the immune mechanisms in rheumatoid arthritis.OBJECTIVE:To explore the causal relationship between 731 immune cell phenotypes and rheumatoid arthritis using the Mendelian randomization method,thereby providing evidence of causality.METHODS:The 731 immune cell phenotypes used in this study were sourced from the GWAScatalog database,jointly developed by the National Human Genome Research Institute(NHGRI)and the European Bioinformatics Institute(EBI).The rheumatoid arthritis data were from the Finngen database,developed by the Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine(FIMM).The inverse variance weighting method was employed as the primary analytical approach.Additionally,multiple analytical methods,including MR-Egger,weighted mode,simple mode,and weighted median,were concurrently utilized to complement the final results.Sensitivity analyses(Cochran's Q test,MR-Egger regression,and MR-presso analysis)were also conducted to verify the stability and feasibility of the data.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)After excluding results through heterogeneity testing,the inverse variance weighting analysis indicated that 10 absolute cell counts,15 median fluorescence intensities of surface antigen levels,1 morphological characteristic,and 9 relative cell counts had a causal relationship with the occurrence of rheumatoid arthritis.(2)According to cell classification,this study found that seven types of B cells,seven types of classical dendritic cells,six types of mature T cells,four types of monocytes,three types of myeloid cells,three types of TBNK cells(lymphocyte subset T cells,B cells and natural killer cells),and five types of Tregs had a causal association with the occurrence of rheumatoid arthritis.(3)Through comprehensive bidirectional two-sample MR analysis,we demonstrated the complex causal relationships between multiple immune phenotypes and rheumatoid arthritis,highlighting the intricate interaction patterns between the immune system and rheumatoid arthritis.These results provide new biomarkers for the early screening and diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis in China,and help to improve the diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity.
2.Gene-predicted associations between 731 immune cell phenotypes and rheumatoid arthritis
Fengzhi LIU ; Yuna DONG ; Wenyi TIAN ; Chunlei WANG ; Xiaodong LIANG ; Lin BAO
Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research 2026;30(5):1311-1319
BACKGROUND:Rheumatoid arthritis is widely prevalent worldwide,with its high incidence and universality that considerably affects patients' quality of life.Previous studies have focused on a few immune cells or cytokines,whereas this study comprehensively provides a more complete view of the immune mechanisms in rheumatoid arthritis.OBJECTIVE:To explore the causal relationship between 731 immune cell phenotypes and rheumatoid arthritis using the Mendelian randomization method,thereby providing evidence of causality.METHODS:The 731 immune cell phenotypes used in this study were sourced from the GWAScatalog database,jointly developed by the National Human Genome Research Institute(NHGRI)and the European Bioinformatics Institute(EBI).The rheumatoid arthritis data were from the Finngen database,developed by the Finnish Institute for Molecular Medicine(FIMM).The inverse variance weighting method was employed as the primary analytical approach.Additionally,multiple analytical methods,including MR-Egger,weighted mode,simple mode,and weighted median,were concurrently utilized to complement the final results.Sensitivity analyses(Cochran's Q test,MR-Egger regression,and MR-presso analysis)were also conducted to verify the stability and feasibility of the data.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)After excluding results through heterogeneity testing,the inverse variance weighting analysis indicated that 10 absolute cell counts,15 median fluorescence intensities of surface antigen levels,1 morphological characteristic,and 9 relative cell counts had a causal relationship with the occurrence of rheumatoid arthritis.(2)According to cell classification,this study found that seven types of B cells,seven types of classical dendritic cells,six types of mature T cells,four types of monocytes,three types of myeloid cells,three types of TBNK cells(lymphocyte subset T cells,B cells and natural killer cells),and five types of Tregs had a causal association with the occurrence of rheumatoid arthritis.(3)Through comprehensive bidirectional two-sample MR analysis,we demonstrated the complex causal relationships between multiple immune phenotypes and rheumatoid arthritis,highlighting the intricate interaction patterns between the immune system and rheumatoid arthritis.These results provide new biomarkers for the early screening and diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis in China,and help to improve the diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity.
3.Analysis of Alleviating Effect of Calcium Cyanamide on Replanting Problems of Rehmannia glutinosa
Lianghua LIN ; Hengrui ZHANG ; Haoxiang YU ; Fan YANG ; Yufei WANG ; Caixia XIE ; Tao GUO ; Zhongyi ZHANG ; Liuji ZHANG ; Bao ZHANG ; Suiqing CHEN
Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae 2025;31(22):212-222
ObjectiveTo investigate the alleviating effect of calcium cyanamide (CaCN2) soil fumigation on replanting problems of Rehmannia glutinosa. MethodsNewly soil (NP) was used as the control group, while three treatment groups were established: replanted soil (RP), newly soil treated with CaCN2 (120 g·m², tillage depth 25 cm) (NPCC), and replanted soil treated with CaCN2 (RPCC). R. glutinosa was cultivated in all groups. At harvest, the tuber agronomic traits (number of enlarged roots, maximum root diameter, fresh weight, dry weight) were measured. The content of catalpol and rehmannioside D was quantified by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) to evaluate medicinal quality. Rhizosphere soil available nutrients and enzyme activities were analyzed by assay kits. The community structure and composition of fungi and bacteria in rhizosphere soil were assessed via internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) sequencing and 16S rDNA sequencing, respectively. ResultsCompared with NP, the RP group showed obviously reduced in tuber agronomic traits and quality indicators (P0.05). However, the RPCC group showed significant improvement in agronomic traits and a notable increase in rehmannioside D content compared to RP (P0.05). The contents of available phosphorus and potassium in RPCC and NP groups were obviously lower than those in RP (P0.05). The polyphenol oxidase soil (S-PPO) activity in RP was obviously lower than in NP (P0.05), while sucrose soil (S-SC), acid phosphatase soil (S-ACP), and S-PPO activities in RPCC were obviously higher than in RP (P0.05). Microbial richness and diversity in RP were obviously higher than in NP (P0.05), whereas no significant differences were observed between the RPCC and NP. The relative abundances of fungal genera Nectria, Myrothecium, Tomentella, and bacterial genus Skermanella were obviousl lower in RPCC and NP than in RP (P0.05). Correlation analysis that S-ACP activity was positively correlated with the content of rehmannioside D (P0.05). Fungal genera Engyodontium and Alternaria, and bacterial genera Pir4 lineage, Pirellula, Methyloversatilis, Brevundimonas, Ralstonia, and Acidibacter were obviously positively correlated with tuber dry weight (P0.05). Conversely, fungal genera Pseudaleuria, Nectria, Haematonectria, Ceratobasidium, and bacterial genera Streptomyces, Skermanella, RB41, Gemmatimonas, and Bacillus were obviously negatively correlated with dry weight (P0.05). The fungal genus Alternaria and bacterial genera Brevundimonas, Ralstonia, Acidibacter, and Dongia showed positive correlations with medicinal quality of R.glutinosa tuber, while fungal genera Pseudaleuria, Nectria, Stachybotrys, Fusarium, Gibberella, Ceratobasidium, and bacterial genera Sphingomonas, Skermanella, RB41, Gemmatimonas, and Bacillus were obviously negatively correlated (P0.05). ConclusionCaCN2 soil fumigation can significantly improve enzyme activities in replanted Rehmannia rhizosphere soil, enhance the utilization of available nutrients, reshape microbial community structure of replanted R.glutinosa at the family and genus level, and notably improve tuber agronomic traits and medicinal quality. This study provides a novel approach to alleviating replanting problems and offers insights for the integrated development of standardized cultivation techniques, including soil disinfection, nutrient-targeted regulation, and microbial inoculant application.
4.Five-year outcomes of metabolic surgery in Chinese subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Yuqian BAO ; Hui LIANG ; Pin ZHANG ; Cunchuan WANG ; Tao JIANG ; Nengwei ZHANG ; Jiangfan ZHU ; Haoyong YU ; Junfeng HAN ; Yinfang TU ; Shibo LIN ; Hongwei ZHANG ; Wah YANG ; Jingge YANG ; Shu CHEN ; Qing FAN ; Yingzhang MA ; Chiye MA ; Jason R WAGGONER ; Allison L TOKARSKI ; Linda LIN ; Natalie C EDWARDS ; Tengfei YANG ; Rongrong ZHANG ; Weiping JIA
Chinese Medical Journal 2025;138(4):493-495
5.Material basis of toad oil and its pharmacodynamic effect in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis.
Yu-Yang LIU ; Xin-Wei YAN ; Bao-Lin BIAN ; Yao-Hua DING ; Xiao-Lu WEI ; Meng-Yao TIAN ; Wei WANG ; Hai-Yu ZHAO ; Yan-Yan ZHOU ; Hong-Jie WANG ; Ying YANG ; Nan SI
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2025;50(1):165-177
This study aims to comprehensively analyze the material basis of toad visceral oil(hereafter referred to as toad oil), and explore the pharmacological effect of toad oil on atopic dermatitis(AD). Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-linear ion trap/orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry(UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) were employed to comprehensively identify the chemical components in toad oil. The animal model of AD was prepared by the hapten stimulation method. The modeled animals were respectively administrated with positive drug(0.1% hydrocortisone butyrate cream) and low-and high-doses(1%, 10%) of toad oil by gavage. The effect of toad oil on AD was evaluated with the AD score, ear swelling rate, spleen index, and pathological section results as indicators. A total of 99 components were identified by UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap-MS, including 14 bufadienolides, 7 fatty acids, 6 alkaloids, 10 ketones, 18 amides, and other compounds. After methylation of toad oil samples, a total of 20 compounds were identified by GC-MS. Compared with the model group, the low-and high-dose toad oil groups showed declined AD score, ear swelling rate, and spleen index, alleviated skin lesions, and reduced infiltrating mast cells. This study comprehensively analyzes the chemical composition and clarifies the material basis of toad oil. Meanwhile, this study proves that toad oil has a good therapeutic effect on AD and is a reserve resource of traditional Chinese medicine for external use in the treatment of AD.
Animals
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Dermatitis, Atopic/immunology*
;
Disease Models, Animal
;
Mice
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Male
;
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
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Humans
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Bufonidae
;
Oils/administration & dosage*
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Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
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Female
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Mice, Inbred BALB C
6.Hypolipidemic effect and mechanism of Arisaema Cum Bile based on gut microbiota and metabolomics.
Peng ZHANG ; Fa-Zhi SU ; En-Lin ZHU ; Chen-Xi BAI ; Bao-Wu ZHANG ; Yan-Ping SUN ; Hai-Xue KUANG ; Qiu-Hong WANG
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2025;50(6):1544-1557
Based on the high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia rat model, this study aimed to evaluate the lipid-lowering effect of Arisaema Cum Bile and explore its mechanisms, providing experimental evidence for its clinical application. Biochemical analysis was used to detect serum levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), triglycerides(TG), and total cholesterol(TC) to assess the lipid-lowering activity of Arisaema Cum Bile. Additionally, 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolomics techniques were employed to jointly elucidate the lipid-lowering mechanisms of Arisaema Cum Bile. The experimental results showed that high-dose Arisaema Cum Bile(PBA-H) significantly reduced serum ALT, AST, LDL-C, TG, and TC levels(P<0.01), and significantly increased HDL-C levels(P<0.01). The effect was similar to that of fenofibrate, with no significant difference. Furthermore, Arisaema Cum Bile significantly alleviated hepatocyte ballooning and mitigated fatty degeneration in liver tissues. As indicated by 16S rDNA sequencing results, PBA-H significantly enhanced both alpha and beta diversity of the gut microbiota in the model rats, notably increasing the relative abundance of Akkermansia and Subdoligranulum species(P<0.01). Liver metabolomics analysis revealed that PBA-H primarily regulated pathways involved in arachidonic acid metabolism, vitamin B_6 metabolism, and steroid biosynthesis. In summary, Arisaema Cum Bile significantly improved abnormal blood lipid levels and liver pathology induced by a high-fat diet, regulated hepatic metabolic disorders, and improved the abundance and structural composition of gut microbiota, thereby exerting its lipid-lowering effect. The findings of this study provide experimental evidence for the clinical application of Arisaema Cum Bile and the treatment of hyperlipidemia.
Animals
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Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects*
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Rats
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Male
;
Metabolomics
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Hyperlipidemias/microbiology*
;
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage*
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Rats, Sprague-Dawley
;
Hypolipidemic Agents/pharmacology*
;
Liver/metabolism*
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Humans
;
Alanine Transaminase/metabolism*
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Triglycerides/metabolism*
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Aspartate Aminotransferases/metabolism*
7.Research progress on pentacyclic triterpenoids in medicinal Ilex species and their pharmacological activities.
Yu-Ling LIU ; Yi-Ran WU ; Bao-Lin WANG ; Xiao-Wei SU ; Qiu-Juan CHEN ; Yi RAO ; Shi-Lin YANG ; Li-Ni HUO ; Hong-Wei GAO
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2025;50(12):3252-3266
Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) capable of clearing heat and removing toxin is most commonly used in clinical practice and has the effect of removing fire-heat and toxin. Studies have shown that most of the Ilex plants have the effect of clearing heat and removing toxin, among which the varieties of I. cornuta, I. pubescens, I. rotunda, I. latifolia, and I. chinensis are most widely used. These plants generally contain triterpenoids and their glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, and other chemical components, especially pentacyclic triterpenoids. According to their skeletons, pentacyclic triterpenoids can be divided into the oleanane type, the ursane type, the lupinane type, etc. Among them, ursane-type components are the most abundant, and 136 species have been found so far. These components have been proved to have pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, hypolipidemic, anti-thrombosis, cardiomyocyte-protective, antibacterial, and hepatoprotective effects. Therefore, this paper systematically reviews the domestic and foreign literature on Ilex plants with a focus on the research progress on pentacyclic triterpenoids and their pharmacological activities, aiming to provide reference for the development of TCM resources with the effect of clearing heat and removing toxin.
Ilex/chemistry*
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Plants, Medicinal/chemistry*
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Pentacyclic Triterpenes/pharmacology*
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Medicine, Chinese Traditional
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Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology*
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Humans
;
Animals
8.Three new chalcone C-glycosides from Carthami Flos.
Jia-Xu BAO ; Yong-Xiang WANG ; Xian ZHANG ; Ya-Zhu YANG ; Yue LIN ; Jiao-Jiao YIN ; Yun-Fang ZHAO ; Hui-Xia HUO ; Peng-Fei TU ; Jun LI
China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2025;50(13):3715-3745
The chemical components of Carthami Flos were investigated by using macroporous resin, silica gel column chromatography, reversed-phase octadecylsilane(ODS) column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20, and semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The planar structures of the compounds were established based on their physicochemical properties and ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis), infrared(IR), high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(HR-ESI-MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) spectroscopic technology. The absolute configurations were determined by comparing the calculated and experimental electronic circular dichroism(ECD). Six flavonoid C-glycosides were isolated from the 30% ethanol elution fraction of macroporous resin obtained from the 95% ethanol extract of Carthami Flos, and identified as saffloquinoside F(1), 5-hydroxysaffloneoside(2), iso-5-hydroxysaffloneoside(3), isosafflomin C(4), safflomin C(5), and vicenin 2(6). Among these, the compounds 1 to 3 were new chalcone C-glycosides. The compounds 1, 2, 4, and 5 could significantly increase the viability of H9c2 cardiomyocytes damaged by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation(OGD/R) at a concentration of 50 μmol·L~(-1), showing their good cardioprotective activity.
Glycosides/pharmacology*
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Flowers/chemistry*
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Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology*
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Carthamus tinctorius/chemistry*
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Chalcones/pharmacology*
;
Animals
9.Development and Initial Validation of the Multi-Dimensional Attention Rating Scale in Highly Educated Adults.
Xin-Yang ZHANG ; Karen SPRUYT ; Jia-Yue SI ; Lin-Lin ZHANG ; Ting-Ting WU ; Yan-Nan LIU ; Di-Ga GAN ; Yu-Xin HU ; Si-Yu LIU ; Teng GAO ; Yi ZHONG ; Yao GE ; Zhe LI ; Zi-Yan LIN ; Yan-Ping BAO ; Xue-Qin WANG ; Yu-Feng WANG ; Lin LU
Chinese Medical Sciences Journal 2025;40(2):100-110
OBJECTIVES:
To report the development, validation, and findings of the Multi-dimensional Attention Rating Scale (MARS), a self-report tool crafted to evaluate six-dimension attention levels.
METHODS:
The MARS was developed based on Classical Test Theory (CTT). Totally 202 highly educated healthy adult participants were recruited for reliability and validity tests. Reliability was measured using Cronbach's alpha and test-retest reliability. Structural validity was explored using principal component analysis. Criterion validity was analyzed by correlating MARS scores with the Toronto Hospital Alertness Test (THAT), the Attentional Control Scale (ACS), and the Attention Network Test (ANT).
RESULTS:
The MARS comprises 12 items spanning six distinct dimensions of attention: focused attention, sustained attention, shifting attention, selective attention, divided attention, and response inhibition.As assessed by six experts, the content validation index (CVI) was 0.95, the Cronbach's alpha for the MARS was 0.78, and the test-retest reliability was 0.81. Four factors were identified (cumulative variance contribution rate 68.79%). The total score of MARS was correlated positively with THAT (r = 0.60, P < 0.01) and ACS (r = 0.78, P < 0.01) and negatively with ANT's reaction time for alerting (r = -0.31, P = 0.049).
CONCLUSIONS
The MARS can reliably and validly assess six-dimension attention levels in real-world settings and is expected to be a new tool for assessing multi-dimensional attention impairments in different mental disorders.
Humans
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Adult
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Male
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Attention/physiology*
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Female
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Middle Aged
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Reproducibility of Results
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Young Adult
;
Psychometrics
10.Human Cytomegalovirus Infection and Embryonic Malformations: The Role of the Wnt Signaling Pathway and Management Strategies.
Xiao Mei HAN ; Bao Yi ZHENG ; Zhi Cui LIU ; Jun Bing CHEN ; Shu Ting HUANG ; Lin XIAO ; Dong Feng WANG ; Zhi Jun LIU
Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2025;38(9):1142-1149
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) poses a significant risk of neural damage during pregnancy. As the most prevalent intrauterine infectious agent in low- and middle-income countries, HCMV disrupts the development of neural stem cells, leading to fetal malformations and abnormal structural and physiological functions in the fetal brain. This review summarizes the current understanding of how HCMV infection dysregulates the Wnt signaling pathway to induce fetal malformations and discusses current management strategies.
Humans
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Cytomegalovirus Infections/virology*
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Wnt Signaling Pathway
;
Pregnancy
;
Female
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Cytomegalovirus/physiology*
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Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology*
;
Congenital Abnormalities/virology*
;
Animals

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