ObjectiveTo investigate the migration and distribution characteristics of chemical constituents in blood and hippocampal tissues before and after vinegar processing of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride（CRPV）， and to explore the potential material basis and mechanisms underlying their regulatory effects on emotional disorders by comparing the effects of raw and vinegar-processed products of CRPV. MethodsUltra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS） was employed to characterize and identify the chemical constituents of raw and vinegar-processed products of CRPV extracts， as well as their migrating components in blood and hippocampal tissues after oral administration. Reference standards， databases， and relevant literature were utilized for compound annotation， with data processing performed using PeakView 1.2 software. Seventy male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into seven groups， including the blank group， model group， diazepam group（2.5 mg·kg^-1）， raw CRPV low/high dose groups（0.6， 1.2 g·kg^-1）， and vinegar-processed CRPV low/high dose groups（0.6， 1.2 g·kg^-1）， with 10 mice per group. Except for the blank group， all other groups underwent chronic restraint stress（2 h·d^-1） for 20 d. Each drug-treated group received oral administration at the predetermined dose starting 10 d after modeling， with a total treatment duration of 10 d. Following model-based drug administration， mice underwent open-field， forced swimming， and elevated plus maze tests. After anesthesia with isoflurane， whole brains were collected from each group of mice， and hippocampi were dissected. Reactive oxygen species（ROS） level in hippocampal tissues was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）. Hematoxylin-eosin（HE） staining was used to observe hippocampal tissue morphology. Immunofluorescence was performed to detect neuronal nuclei（NeuN） and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha（PPARα） expressions in hippocampal tissue. Then， pharmacodynamic evaluations were conducted to assess the effects of raw and vinegar-processed CRPV on mood disorders， exploring the potential mechanisms. ResultsVinegar processing caused significant changes in the chemical composition of CRPV， with 18 components showing increased relative content and 35 components showing decreased relative content. The primary changes occurred in flavonoid compounds， including 20 flavonoids， 20 flavonoid glycosides， 3 triterpenes， 3 phenolic acids， 1 alkaloid， and 6 other compounds. Twenty-one components were detected in blood（15 methoxyflavones， 4 flavonoid glycosides， and 2 phenolic acids）， with 17 shared between raw and vinegar-processed CRPV. Seven components reached hippocampal tissues（all common to both forms）. In regulating emotional disorders， Vinegar-processed CRPV exhibited superior antidepressant-like effects compared to raw products. HE staining revealed that both treatments improved hippocampal neuronal morphology， particularly in the damaged CA1 and CA3 regions. Immunofluorescence and ELISA analyses demonstrated that both raw and vinegar-processed CRPV significantly modulated NeuN and PPARα expressions in hippocampal tissue while alleviating oxidative stress induced by excessive ROS（P<0.05）. ConclusionThe chemical composition of CRPV undergoes changes after vinegar processing， but the migrating components in blood and hippocampus are primarily methoxyflavonoids. These components may serve as the potential material basis for activating the PPARα pathway， thereby negatively regulating ROS generation in the hippocampus， reducing oxidative stress， and promoting the development of NeuN-positive neurons. These findings provide experimental evidence for enhancing quality standards， pharmacodynamic material research， and active drug development of raw and vinegar-processed CRPV.

Objective To explore the feasibility and reference value of allogeneic lung transplantation and postoperative monitoring in miniature pigs for lung transplantation research. Methods Two miniature pigs (R1 and R2) underwent left lung allogeneic transplantation. Complement-dependent cytotoxicity tests and blood cross-matching were performed before surgery. The main operative times and partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO₂) after opening the pulmonary artery were recorded during surgery. Postoperatively, routine blood tests, biochemical blood indicators and inflammatory factors were detected, and pathological examinations of multiple organs were conducted. Results The complement-dependent cytotoxicity test showed that the survival rate of lymphocytes between donors and recipients was 42.5%-47.3%, and no agglutination reaction occurred in the cross-matching. The first warm ischemia times of D1 and D2 were 17 min and 10 min, respectively, and the cold ischemia times were 246 min and 216 min, respectively. Ultimately, R1 and R2 survived for 1.5 h and 104 h, respectively. Postoperatively, in R1, albumin (ALB) and globulin (GLB) decreased, and alanine aminotransferase increased; in R2, ALB, GLB and aspartate aminotransferase all increased. Urea nitrogen and serum creatinine increased in both recipients. Pathological results showed that in R1, the transplanted lung had partial consolidation with inflammatory cell infiltration, and multiple organs were congested and damaged. In R2, the transplanted lung had severe necrosis with fibrosis, and multiple organs had mild to moderate damage. The expression levels of interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 increased in the transplanted lungs. Conclusions The allogeneic lung transplantation model in miniature pigs may systematically evaluate immunological compatibility, intraoperative function and postoperative organ damage. The data obtained may provide technical references for subsequent lung transplantation research.

Objective To explore clinical effect of accessory scaphoid bone fusion in treating type Ⅱ painful accessory scaphoid bone.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 26 patients with type Ⅱ painful accessory navicular bone treated by accessory navicular bone fusion from January 2012 to June 2022,including 1 male and 25 females,aged from 18 to 70 years old with an average of(44.61±16.32)years old;10 patients with type Ⅱ A and 16 patients with type Ⅱ B;20 patients with simple fusion and 6 patients with fusion plus calcaneal translocation osteotomy.Changes of Meary angle,Pitch angle,an-teroposterior talar-first metatarsal angle(T1MA),talonavicular coverage angle(TCA),lateral talocalcaneal angle(LTCA)be-fore operation and 6 months after operation were observed and compared,and American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society(AOFAS)foot and ankle score and visual analogue scale(VAS)were used to explore clinical effect.Results All 26 patients were followed up for 7 to 24 months with an average of(10.72±3.94)months.Meary angle,Pitch angle,T1MA,TCA and LTCA were improved from(9.20±2.57)°,(16.45±3.57)°,(33.34±5.02)°,(22.42±5.86)°,(48.89±4.43)° before opertaion to(3.33±1.06)°,(22.33±4.56)°,(23.89±3.48)°,(11.83±2.67)°,(36.50±3.50)° at 6 months after operation,the difference were statistically significant(P＜0.01).Postoperative AOFAS foot and ankle score were(86.24±4.33)and(93.18±6.02)for type Ⅱ A and type Ⅱ B at 6 months,which were significantly improved compared with those for type Ⅱ A and type Ⅱ B before op-eration(67.34±6.55)and(65.12±9.51),and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.01);20 patients got excellent re-sult,5 good and 1 poor.Preoperative VAS of type ⅡA(5.67±1.58)and type Ⅱ B(5.77±1.49)were improved to(2.13±1.01)and(1.43±0.68)at 6 months after operation,with statistical significance(P＜0.01).Conclusion Fusion of accessory navicular bone in patients with type Ⅱ painful accessory navicular bone combined with internal calcaneal osteotomy in patients with par-tial calcaneal valvaration could effectively correct flat foot deformity and relieve pain,and could be used as a clinical treatment for painful accessory navicular bone.

Lens injury is an important etiological factor in the reduction of visual function following ocular trauma.Currently, there are no clear standards for the classification of lens injury, and comprehensive diagnostic tools are lacking.This deficiency leads to numerous controversies and challenges in critical areas, such as diagnosis and preoperative evalution, timing of surgery, surgical strategy, and assessment of postoperative prognosis.Tomographic imaging technology, such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, optical coherence tomography, has introduced a new dimension to the evaluation of lens injury, which is crucial for assessing the transparency, texture, location, morphology, and integrity of the lens, as well as the zonules and nearby intraocular structures.However, the use of tomographic imaging technology is somewhat limited due to the limitations of relying on a single method.With the ongoing advancement of imaging technologies and the rapid development of big data and artificial intelligence, tomographic imaging will become an increasingly essential tool in the future management of lens injury.Our expert group reviewed the epidemiological characteristics and classification of lens injury and the major challenges currently faced in the diagnosis and treatment of lens injury, and provided expert recommendations mainly focusing on the application, shortcomings and limitations of current tomographic imaging technology in the diagnosis and treatment of lens injury, and future development directions.

The liver performs multiple life-sustaining functions. Hepatic diseases, including hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatoma, pose significant health and economic burdens globally. Along with the advances in nanotechnology, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) exhibiting diversiform size and shape, distinct morphological properties, and favorable physico-chemical features have become an ideal choice for drug delivery systems and inspire alternative thinking for the management of hepatic diseases. Initially, we introduce the physiological structure of the liver and highlight its intrinsic cell types and correlative functions. Next, we detail the synthesis methods and physicochemical properties of MSNs and their capacity for controlled drug loading and release. Particularly, we discuss the interactions between liver and MSNs with respect to the passive targeting mechanisms of MSNs within the liver by adjusting their particle size, pore diameter, surface charge, hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity, and surface functionalization. Subsequently, we emphasize the role of MSNs in regulating liver pathophysiology, exploring their value in addressing liver pathological states, such as tumors and inflammation, combined with multi-functional designs and intelligent modes to enhance drug targeting and minimize side effects. Lastly, we put forward the problems, challenges, opportunities, as well as clinical translational issues faced by MSNs in the management of liver diseases.

Lens injury is an important etiological factor in the reduction of visual function following ocular trauma.Currently, there are no clear standards for the classification of lens injury, and comprehensive diagnostic tools are lacking.This deficiency leads to numerous controversies and challenges in critical areas, such as diagnosis and preoperative evalution, timing of surgery, surgical strategy, and assessment of postoperative prognosis.Tomographic imaging technology, such as computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, optical coherence tomography, has introduced a new dimension to the evaluation of lens injury, which is crucial for assessing the transparency, texture, location, morphology, and integrity of the lens, as well as the zonules and nearby intraocular structures.However, the use of tomographic imaging technology is somewhat limited due to the limitations of relying on a single method.With the ongoing advancement of imaging technologies and the rapid development of big data and artificial intelligence, tomographic imaging will become an increasingly essential tool in the future management of lens injury.Our expert group reviewed the epidemiological characteristics and classification of lens injury and the major challenges currently faced in the diagnosis and treatment of lens injury, and provided expert recommendations mainly focusing on the application, shortcomings and limitations of current tomographic imaging technology in the diagnosis and treatment of lens injury, and future development directions.

The chemical components of Carthami Flos were investigated by using macroporous resin, silica gel column chromatography, reversed-phase octadecylsilane(ODS) column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20, and semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The planar structures of the compounds were established based on their physicochemical properties and ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis), infrared(IR), high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(HR-ESI-MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) spectroscopic technology. The absolute configurations were determined by comparing the calculated and experimental electronic circular dichroism(ECD). Six flavonoid C-glycosides were isolated from the 30% ethanol elution fraction of macroporous resin obtained from the 95% ethanol extract of Carthami Flos, and identified as saffloquinoside F(1), 5-hydroxysaffloneoside(2), iso-5-hydroxysaffloneoside(3), isosafflomin C(4), safflomin C(5), and vicenin 2(6). Among these, the compounds 1 to 3 were new chalcone C-glycosides. The compounds 1, 2, 4, and 5 could significantly increase the viability of H9c2 cardiomyocytes damaged by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation(OGD/R) at a concentration of 50 μmol·L~(-1), showing their good cardioprotective activity.
Glycosides/pharmacology* ; Flowers/chemistry* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Carthamus tinctorius/chemistry* ; Chalcones/pharmacology* ; Animals

Objective To compare the efficacy of anticoagulation treatment(AT)alone and combining mechanical thrombectomy(MT)for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis(CVST).Methods Totally 150 patients with CVST were collected,including 90 underwent only AT(AT group)and 60 underwent MT+AT(combined group).The rate of venous sinus recanalization at discharge,the prognosis at discharge and 6,12 months after discharge(modified Rankin scale[mRS]score of 0 to 2 was considered as good prognosis)were compared between groups,and relative complications were recorded.Results At discharge,the rate of complete and partial recanalization of venous sinuses in combined group were both higher than that in AT group(both P＜0.001).No significant difference of the rate of good prognosis at discharge was found between groups(P=0.191),while 6 and 12 months after discharge,the rate of good prognosis in combined group were both higher than that in AT group(P=0.046,0.028).During the treatment and follow-up period,no significant difference of the incidence of complications was found between groups(5.00%[3/60]vs.11.11%[10/90],P=0.245).Conclusion Compared with AT alone,AT combining with MT could improve revascularization rate and prognosis of CVST without increasing the risk of complications.

Objective To establish a method for acquisition, perfusion, preservation and transportation of the genetically modified pig kidneys. Methods An eight genetically modified pig was utilized as experimental subject. Prior to kidneys procurement, the health status of the pig was assessed through hematology examination, and the vascular structure of the kidneys was examined using imaging techniques. Following kidneys acquisition, the pig kidneys were perfused and subsequently packaged into the cryogenic storage container labeled "For Organ Transportation Only" for interprovincial transport after communicating the transportation process with transportation department. To evaluate pathological damage to the pig kidneys, a serious of methods were employed such as hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) fluorescence staining and enzyme-linked immune absorbent assay (ELISA). Results The preoperative examination of the eight genetically modified pig showed that the serum creatinine was 73.2 μmol/L, blood urea nitrogen was 2.8 mmol/L and hemoglobin was 116 g/L, all within the normal range, indicating normal renal function. CT angiography revealed no lesions in the pig kidneys, and no dilation, stenosis or premature branching of the blood vessels. The total time of obtaining the left and right kidneys from the eight genetically modified pig was (125 ± 10) min, with a blood loss of (20 ± 2) mL. The warm ischemia times were 3 min and 7 min, respectively. The perfusion and trimming times of the left and right kidneys were 36 min and 41 min, respectively. After perfusion, both kidneys were white and moist. The cold preservation and transportation time was 8 h. HE staining showed that some glomeruli were shrunk, and the lumens of the surrounding renal tubules were slightly depressed and swollen with partial inner membrane shedding and microvacuoles formed when the kidneys were preserved for 8 h. The level of cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-3 messenger RNA in the kidneys tissue gradually increased with the extension of cold preservation time after 2 h (P<0.05). TUNEL fluorescence staining showed that only a small number of cells underwent apoptosis after 8 h of cold preservation, which was not significantly different from that at 0 h (P>0.05). ELISA results showed that the contents of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatinine in the preservation solution remained relatively stable, but the content of kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) gradually increased with the extension of preservation time, suggesting that the pig kidneys had mild injury. Conclusions By establishing methods for acquisition, perfusion, preservation and transportation of the kidneys from genetically modified donor pig, it is possible to effectively and reliably use genetically modified pig kidneys for xenotransplantation.

Objective To explore clinical effect of accessory scaphoid bone fusion in treating type Ⅱ painful accessory scaphoid bone.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 26 patients with type Ⅱ painful accessory navicular bone treated by accessory navicular bone fusion from January 2012 to June 2022,including 1 male and 25 females,aged from 18 to 70 years old with an average of(44.61±16.32)years old;10 patients with type Ⅱ A and 16 patients with type Ⅱ B;20 patients with simple fusion and 6 patients with fusion plus calcaneal translocation osteotomy.Changes of Meary angle,Pitch angle,an-teroposterior talar-first metatarsal angle(T1MA),talonavicular coverage angle(TCA),lateral talocalcaneal angle(LTCA)be-fore operation and 6 months after operation were observed and compared,and American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society(AOFAS)foot and ankle score and visual analogue scale(VAS)were used to explore clinical effect.Results All 26 patients were followed up for 7 to 24 months with an average of(10.72±3.94)months.Meary angle,Pitch angle,T1MA,TCA and LTCA were improved from(9.20±2.57)°,(16.45±3.57)°,(33.34±5.02)°,(22.42±5.86)°,(48.89±4.43)° before opertaion to(3.33±1.06)°,(22.33±4.56)°,(23.89±3.48)°,(11.83±2.67)°,(36.50±3.50)° at 6 months after operation,the difference were statistically significant(P＜0.01).Postoperative AOFAS foot and ankle score were(86.24±4.33)and(93.18±6.02)for type Ⅱ A and type Ⅱ B at 6 months,which were significantly improved compared with those for type Ⅱ A and type Ⅱ B before op-eration(67.34±6.55)and(65.12±9.51),and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.01);20 patients got excellent re-sult,5 good and 1 poor.Preoperative VAS of type ⅡA(5.67±1.58)and type Ⅱ B(5.77±1.49)were improved to(2.13±1.01)and(1.43±0.68)at 6 months after operation,with statistical significance(P＜0.01).Conclusion Fusion of accessory navicular bone in patients with type Ⅱ painful accessory navicular bone combined with internal calcaneal osteotomy in patients with par-tial calcaneal valvaration could effectively correct flat foot deformity and relieve pain,and could be used as a clinical treatment for painful accessory navicular bone.