OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical characteristics and impact on mortality of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA) colonized or infected patients with hematological disorders in order to provide evidence for the prevention and treatment of CRPA. METHODS: The patients who were colonized or infected with CRPA in the Department of Hematology of The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University from January 2020 to March 2021 were selected as the research subjects, the clinical data such as hospitalization time, primary disease treatment regimen, granulocyte count, previous infection and antibiotic regimen of these patients were analyzed, meanwhile, antibiotic regimen and efficacy during CRPA infection, 30-day and long-term survival were also analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 59 patients were included in this study, and divided into CRPA infection group (43 cases) and CRPA colonization group (16 cases). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that ECOG score (P =0.003), agranulocytosis (P <0.001), and exposure to upper than 3^rd generations of cephalosporins and tigecycline within 30 days (P =0.035, P =0.017) were the high-risk factors for CRPA infection. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ECOG score of 3/4 ( OR=10.815, 95%CI: 1.260-92.820, P =0.030) and agranulocytosis ( OR=13.82, 95%CI: 2.243-85.176, P =0.005) were independent risk factors for CRPA infection. There was a statistically significant difference in cumulative survival rate between CRPA colonization group and CRPA infection group ( χ²=14.134, P < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the influencing factors of 30-day survival in patients with CRPA infection were agranulocytosis (P =0.022), soft tissue infection (P =0.03), and time of hospitalization before CRPA infection (P =0.041). Cox regression analysis showed that agranulocytosis was an independent risk factor affecting 30-day survival of patients with CRPA infection (HR=3.229, 95%CI :1.093-3.548, P =0.034). CONCLUSIONS Patients with hematological disorders have high mortality and poor prognosis after CRPA infection. Bloodstream infection and soft tissue infection are the main causes of death. Patients with high suspicion of CRPA infection and high-risk should be treated as soon as possible.
Humans ; Carbapenems/therapeutic use* ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Soft Tissue Infections/drug therapy* ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use* ; Hematologic Diseases ; Survival Analysis

Objective: This cross-sectional investigation aimed to determine the incidence, clinical characteristics, prognosis, and related risk factors of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain in mainland China. Methods: Data of patients with SARS-CoV-2 from December 28, 2022, to February 21, 2023, were collected through online and offline questionnaires from 45 tertiary hospitals and one center for disease control and prevention in mainland China. The questionnaire included demographic information, previous health history, smoking and alcohol drinking, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, olfactory and gustatory function before and after infection, other symptoms after infection, as well as the duration and improvement of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. The self-reported olfactory and gustatory functions of patients were evaluated using the Olfactory VAS scale and Gustatory VAS scale. Results: A total of 35 566 valid questionnaires were obtained, revealing a high incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain (67.75%). Females(χ2=367.013, P<0.001) and young people(χ2=120.210, P<0.001) were more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Gender(OR=1.564, 95%CI: 1.487-1.645), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), oral health status (OR=0.881, 95%CI: 0.839-0.926), smoking history (OR=1.152, 95%CI=1.080-1.229), and drinking history (OR=0.854, 95%CI: 0.785-0.928) were correlated with the occurrence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2(above P<0.001). 44.62% (4 391/9 840) of the patients who had not recovered their sense of smell and taste also suffered from nasal congestion, runny nose, and 32.62% (3 210/9 840) suffered from dry mouth and sore throat. The improvement of olfactory and taste functions was correlated with the persistence of accompanying symptoms(χ2=10.873, P=0.001). The average score of olfactory and taste VAS scale was 8.41 and 8.51 respectively before SARS-CoV-2 infection, but decreased to3.69 and 4.29 respectively after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and recovered to 5.83and 6.55 respectively at the time of the survey. The median duration of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions was 15 days and 12 days, respectively, with 0.5% (121/24 096) of patients experiencing these dysfunctions for more than 28 days. The overall self-reported improvement rate of smell and taste dysfunctions was 59.16% (14 256/24 096). Gender(OR=0.893, 95%CI: 0.839-0.951), SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status (OR=1.334, 95%CI: 1.164-1.530), history of head and facial trauma(OR=1.180, 95%CI: 1.036-1.344, P=0.013), nose (OR=1.104, 95%CI: 1.042-1.171, P=0.001) and oral (OR=1.162, 95%CI: 1.096-1.233) health status, smoking history(OR=0.765, 95%CI: 0.709-0.825), and the persistence of accompanying symptoms (OR=0.359, 95%CI: 0.332-0.388) were correlated with the recovery of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to SARS-CoV-2 (above P<0.001 except for the indicated values). Conclusion: The incidence of olfactory and taste dysfunctions related to infection with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron strain is high in mainland China, with females and young people more likely to develop these dysfunctions. Active and effective intervention measures may be required for cases that persist for a long time. The recovery of olfactory and taste functions is influenced by several factors, including gender, SARS-CoV-2 vaccination status, history of head and facial trauma, nasal and oral health status, smoking history, and persistence of accompanying symptoms.
Female ; Humans ; Adolescent ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Smell ; COVID-19/complications* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Incidence ; Olfaction Disorders/etiology* ; Taste Disorders/etiology* ; Prognosis

【Objective】 To learn the production efficient of platelet components among prefecture-level blood stations in China, to provide supporting data for those blood stations to optimize the production mode of platelet components and continuously improve production efficiency and supply capacity. 【Methods】 The data from 2017 to 2020 was obtained from 24 prefecture-level blood stations who were the members of the practice comparison network for blood institutes in China. The collection units of apheresis platelets, the number of dual-collections of apheresis platelets and plasma, the average apheresis units of one platelet apheresis procedure, the discarded rate of apheresis platelets, the amount of expired apheresis platelets and the amount of apheresis platelets issued were collected. For concentrated platelets, the prepared amount of platelet concentrates and the amount of expired platelet concentrates were collected; both the quantity of qualified and issued concentrated platelets were submitted for statistical analysis.The total output and efficiency of platelet components were calculated based on the collected data. 【Results】 The average annual growth rate of apheresis platelets collection in 24 prefecture-level blood stations was 12.23%, accounting for 99.80% of the total platelet output; the average collection unit of one platelets apheresis procedure was 1.75; from 2019 to 2020, only 5 blood stations performed dual-collection of platelet and plasma during one apheresis procedure; the discarded rate of apheresis platelets was 0.28%, of which 0.007% was due to expiration. A total of 1 621.2 therapeutic units of concentrated platelets were prepared, and 13.03% of them was discarded due to the expiration. The production efficiency of platelet components was 97.56%, of which the production efficiency of apheresis platelets was 97.61% and the production efficiency of concentrated platelets was 74.43%. 【Conclusion】 There are large regional differences in the supply capacity of platelet components in prefecture-level blood stations. Apheresis platelets are the main resource of platelet components product, and the collection capacity is increasing over the years with the characteristics of high production efficiency and low expiration scrapping rate. However, the preparation of concentrated platelets are still limited with relatively low production and high expiration discarded rate.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the characteristics of diphenidol poisoning cases and to provide clues and technical means for the identification of such cases. METHODS: Biological samples of 9 deaths caused by diphenidol poisoning were detected by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS), and the characteristics of these cases were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Most of the deaths caused by diphenidol poisoning were young females. The dosage was between 60 and 300 tablets, and the mass concentration of diphenidol in the postmortem blood ranged from 0.87 to 99.00 μg/mL. There was no correlation between the dosage and the concentration of diphenidol in the blood. CONCLUSIONS Diphenidol poisoning has the characteristics of high concealment and lethality. More attention should be paid to suicide cases, and diphenidol should be recommended as a routine detection item to avoid missing detection.
Female ; Humans ; Chromatography, Liquid/methods* ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods* ; Retrospective Studies ; Administration, Oral

At present, the death cases of simple asphyxiant gas acute poisoning are increasing sharply. Common asphyxiant gases in death cases include nitrogen, helium, carbon dioxide, methane, propane, laughing gas, etc. Simple asphyxiant gas has no affinity for biological matrices and escapes quickly, which puts forward new requirements for autopsy procedures, selection and collection of samples, laboratory analysis and identification. This paper reviews the research and development process of death cases caused by simple asphyxiant gas acute poisoning and put forwards the collection and analysis strategy of the samples in such cases. The most valuable biological samples in such cases should be lung tissues associated with the airways, followed by brain tissue and cardiac blood. Gaseous samples from the esophageal cavity, tracheal cavity, pulmonary bronchi, gastric and cardiac areas are also recommended as valuable samples. In the case of postmortem examination, the gas should be injected into gas sample bag directly. Biological materials such as tissue and blood should be directly sealed in head-space vials and analyzed by using the headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Carbon Dioxide/analysis* ; Autopsy ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Methane/analysis* ; Nitrogen

In recent years， the incidence rate of andrological diseases has shown a significant growth trend. Considering the unavailability of a perfect theoretical system for andrology in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and the complex pathogenesis despite of the limited types of andrological diseases， it is necessary to improve the clinical efficacy of andrological diseases so as to satisfy the needs of patients. Therefore， the China Association of Chinese Medicine （CACM） organized the andrologists of TCM and western medicine and the outstanding young clinicians to discuss the andrological diseases responding specifically to TCM or integrated TCM and western medicine， such as chronic prostatitis， male infertility， benign prostatic hyperplasia， erectile dysfunction， and premature ejaculation， determine their diagnostic criteria in western medicine， and standardize the specifications for TCM diagnosis and treatment based on syndrome differentiation， thus formulating recognized and integrated diagnosis and treatment protocols. Apart from proposing suggestions on the treatment of such andrological diseases with TCM and western medicine， the experts have also figured out the andrological diseases responding specifically to TCM， the optimal intervention time of TCM and western medicine， and the suitable measures including surgery. The resulting consensus helps to better guide the formulation of accurate， personalized， and optimized treatment plans in clinical practice and improve the diagnosis and treatment effects of andrological diseases by giving full play to the advantages of TCM， which will in turn contribute to further innovation and development of TCM.

Objective::To establish the HPLC fingerprint of carbonized ginger and to determine the contents of zingerone, 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol, 10-gingerol, 8-shogaol and 10-shogaol with quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker (QAMS). Method::The fingerprint of carbonized ginger was established by HPLC. All samples were analyzed by Waters SymmetryShield™ RP18 column (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) with gradient elution by acetonitrile(A)-water(B) (0-30 min, 25%-70%A; 30-50 min, 70%-90%A; 50-60 min, 90%A), the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min^-1, the detection wavelength was set at 240 nm and the column temperature was 30 ℃. Zingerone, 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 6-shogaol, 10-gingerol, 8-shogaol and 10-shogaol was chosen as marker ingredients to establish HPLC fingerprint of carbonized ginger decoction pieces. Taking 6-gingerol as internal reference standard, the contents of zingerone, 6-shogaol, 10-gingerol, 8-shogaol and 10-shogaol were determined at the detection wavelength of 220 nm and 280 nm according to the relative correction factor. Result::The HPLC fingerprint of carbonized ginger was obtained and 10 common peaks were designated, and 7 of them were identified as zingerone, 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 6-shogaol, 10-gingerol, 8-shogaol and 10-shogaol, respectively. And there were no significant differences between the quantitative results of external standard method and QAMS. It is suggested that the content limits of carbonized ginger should be not less than 0.020%of zingerone (C₁₁H₁₄O₃), 0.050%of 6-gingerol (C₁₇H₂₆O₄), 0.120%of 6-shogaol (C₁₇H₂₄O₃), 0.080%of 10-gingerol (C₂₁H₃₄O₄), 0.030%of 8-shogaol (C₁₉H₂₈O₃) and 0.050%of 10-shogaol (C₂₁H₃₂O₃) calculated with reference to the dried products, respectively. Conclusion::The developed method is accurate and feasible, which can provide a simple and effective method for the quality control of carbonized ginger.