Acute lung injury(ALI) is a critical clinical condition primarily characterized by refractory hypoxemia and infiltration of inflammatory cells in lung tissue, which can progress into a more severe form known as acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS). Immune cells and inflammatory cytokines play important roles in the progression of the disease. Due to its unclear pathogenesis and the lack of effective clinical treatments, ALI is associated with a high mortality rate and severely affects patients' quality of life, making the search for effective therapeutic agents particularly urgent. Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, the dried root of the perennial herb Panax ginseng from the Araliaceae family, contains active ingredients such as saponins and polysaccharides, which possess various pharmacological effects including anti-tumor activity, immune regulation, and metabolic modulation. In recent years, studies have shown that ginsenosides exhibit notable effects in reducing inflammation, ameliorating epithelial and endothelial cell injury, and providing anticoagulant action, indicating their comprehensive role in alleviating lung injury. This review summarizes the pathogenesis of ALI and the molecular mechanisms through which ginsenosides act at different stages of ALI development. The aim is to provide a scientific reference for the development of ginsenoside-based drugs targeting ALI, as well as a theoretical basis for the clinical application of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma in the treatment of ALI.
Ginsenosides/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Acute Lung Injury/immunology* ; Animals ; Panax/chemistry* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal

Immobilized enzyme-based enzyme electrode biosensors, characterized by high sensitivity and efficiency, strong specificity, and compact size, demonstrate broad application prospects in life science research, disease diagnosis and monitoring, etc. Immobilization of enzyme is a critical step in determining the performance (stability, sensitivity, and reproducibility) of the biosensors. Random immobilization (physical adsorption, covalent cross-linking, etc.) can easily bring about problems, such as decreased enzyme activity and relatively unstable immobilization. Whereas, directional immobilization utilizing amino acid residue mutation, affinity peptide fusion, or nucleotide-specific binding to restrict the orientation of the enzymes provides new possibilities to solve the problems caused by random immobilization. In this paper, the principles, advantages and disadvantages and the application progress of enzyme electrode biosensors of different directional immobilization strategies for enzyme molecular sensing elements by specific amino acids (lysine, histidine, cysteine, unnatural amino acid) with functional groups introduced based on site-specific mutation, affinity peptides (gold binding peptides, carbon binding peptides, carbohydrate binding domains) fused through genetic engineering, and specific binding between nucleotides and target enzymes (proteins) were reviewed, and the application fields, advantages and limitations of various immobilized enzyme interface characterization techniques were discussed, hoping to provide theoretical and technical guidance for the creation of high-performance enzyme sensing elements and the manufacture of enzyme electrode sensors.

Objective:To analyze the dynamic plantar pressure distribution of persons with chronic plantar fasciitis (PF).Methods:Twenty persons with unilateral, chronic PF were recruited as the PF group, while twenty-three healthy counterparts were recruited as the control group. A foot-pressure measurement system was used to collect data describing the plantar pressure for each subject with or without PF while walking. The pressure data included the load of peak plantar pressure (PP), the mean plantar pressure (MP), the total foot ground contact area (TCA), and the load percentage and the foot ground contact area beneath the medial heel (MH), the lateral heel (LH), the medial longitudinal arch (MLA), the lateral longitudinal arch (LLA), the first metatarsal head (M1), the second to third metatarsal heads (M2-3), the fourth to fifth metatarsal heads (M4-5), the hallux (T1), and toes two to five (T2-5).Results:In the PF group, significant differences were observed during walking between the affected and unaffected feet in terms of PP [(2.41±0.44)kg/cm 2 versus (3.02±0.63)kg/cm 2]. Both were significantly greater than among the control group. Asymmetry in the load distribution was identified beneath the MH, M2-3, M1, MLA, M4-5 and T2-5 among the chronic PF group. There were also significant differences between the affected foot of the chronic PF group and the non-dominant foot of the control group with regard to the load percentage beneath the LH, M4-5, T2-5, M2-3 and T1. The load percentage under the LH was significantly higher under the unaffected foot of the PF group than under the dominant foot of the control group. In terms of ground contact area, the T2-5 area of the affected foot of the PF group was significantly smaller than that of the unaffected foot, as well as compared to the non-dominant foot of the control group. The TCA of both feet among the PF group was significantly smaller than under the corresponding feet of the control group. Conclusions:Patients with chronic plantar fasciitis apply plantar pressure asymmetrically during walking. They tend to shift their weight laterally onto the asymptomatic foot. During walking, those with PF apply higher plantar pressure over a smaller ground contact area.

Objective To investigate the postoperative efficacy of laparoscopic hiatal hernia repair(LHHR)combined with Toupet or Dor fundoplication for the treatment of esophageal hiatal hernia(HH).Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the case data of HH patients who underwent LHHR combined with Toupet(Toupet group,n=53)and Dor(Dor group,n=53)fundoplication between December 2018 and December 2022 in Department of General Surgery of Gansu Provincial Hospital.Intraoperative and postoperative recovery outcomes of both groups were observed.We analyzed and compared the incidence of dysphagia and gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire(GERD-Q)scores at preoperative and postoperative intervals of 1 month,6 months,and 1 year.The incidence of postoperative complications and the 1-year recurrence rate were compared between the two groups.Additionally,factors influencing postoperative dysphagia within the first month were examined.Results The differences between the two groups in operation time,intraoperative bleeding,postoperative ventilation time,postoperative extubation time and hospitalization time were not statistically significant(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of immediate postoperative dysphagia in two groups(P>0.05).Furthermore,the differences between the two groups in the incidence of postoperative complications,such as bloating,abdominal pain and diarrhea,were not statistically significant(P>0.05).The incidence of dysphagia in Toupet group was higher than that in Dor group at 1 month postoperatively,and the difference was statistically significant(P=0.017);but the difference in the incidence of dysphagia between the two groups at 6 months and 1 year postoperatively was not statistically significant(P=0.767,1.000).The results of binary logistic regression analysis showed that both surgical procedure(OR=2.613,95%CI 1.141-5.983,P=0.023)and esophageal contractile reserve function(OR=2.921,95%CI 1.203-7.095,P=0.018)were independent risk factors for the incidence of dysphagia in patients with HH at 1 month after surgery.Compared with the preoperative period,the GERD-Q symptom scores were lower in both groups at 1 month,6 months,and 1 year postoperatively,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);but there was no statistically significant difference between the groups at the same time point(Fintergroup=0.334,P=0.565).The difference between the two groups in 1-year postoperative recurrence rates was not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusions LHHR combined with Toupet or Dor fundoplication are both safe and effective surgical procedures for the treatment of HH,with excellent reflux control,fewer complications and lower recurrence rates,but Toupet fundoplication is more likely to have postoperative short-term dysphagia than Dor fundoplication.

Objective:To analyze the dynamic plantar pressure distribution of persons with chronic plantar fasciitis (PF).Methods:Twenty persons with unilateral, chronic PF were recruited as the PF group, while twenty-three healthy counterparts were recruited as the control group. A foot-pressure measurement system was used to collect data describing the plantar pressure for each subject with or without PF while walking. The pressure data included the load of peak plantar pressure (PP), the mean plantar pressure (MP), the total foot ground contact area (TCA), and the load percentage and the foot ground contact area beneath the medial heel (MH), the lateral heel (LH), the medial longitudinal arch (MLA), the lateral longitudinal arch (LLA), the first metatarsal head (M1), the second to third metatarsal heads (M2-3), the fourth to fifth metatarsal heads (M4-5), the hallux (T1), and toes two to five (T2-5).Results:In the PF group, significant differences were observed during walking between the affected and unaffected feet in terms of PP [(2.41±0.44)kg/cm 2 versus (3.02±0.63)kg/cm 2]. Both were significantly greater than among the control group. Asymmetry in the load distribution was identified beneath the MH, M2-3, M1, MLA, M4-5 and T2-5 among the chronic PF group. There were also significant differences between the affected foot of the chronic PF group and the non-dominant foot of the control group with regard to the load percentage beneath the LH, M4-5, T2-5, M2-3 and T1. The load percentage under the LH was significantly higher under the unaffected foot of the PF group than under the dominant foot of the control group. In terms of ground contact area, the T2-5 area of the affected foot of the PF group was significantly smaller than that of the unaffected foot, as well as compared to the non-dominant foot of the control group. The TCA of both feet among the PF group was significantly smaller than under the corresponding feet of the control group. Conclusions:Patients with chronic plantar fasciitis apply plantar pressure asymmetrically during walking. They tend to shift their weight laterally onto the asymptomatic foot. During walking, those with PF apply higher plantar pressure over a smaller ground contact area.

This study explored the growth-promoting effect and mechanism of the endophytic bacterium Kocuria rosea on Rehmannia glutinosa, aiming to provide a scientific basis for the development of green bacterial fertilizer. R. glutinosa 'Jinjiu' was treated with K. rosea, and the shoot parameters including leaf length, leaf width, plant width, and stem diameter were measured every 15 days. After 120 days, the shoots and roots were harvested. The root indicators(root number, root length, root diameter, root fresh weight, root dry weight, root volume, and root vitality) and secondary metabolites(catalpol, rehmannioside A, rehmannioside D, verbascoside, and leonuride) were determined. The R. glutinosa growth-promoting mechanism of K. rosea was discussed from the effect of K. rosea on the nutrient element content in R. glutinosa and rhizosphere soil and the genome information of this plant. After application of K. rosea, the maximum increases in leaf length, leaf width, plant width, and stem diameter were 35.67%(60 d), 25.39%(45 d), 40.17%(60 d), and 113.85%(45 d), respectively. The root number, root length, root diameter, root volume, root fresh weight, root dry weight, and root viability increased by 41.71%, 45.10%, 48.61%, 94.34%, 101.55%, 147.61%, and 42.08%, respectively. In addition, the content of rehmannioside A and verbascoside in the root of R. glutinosa increased by 76.67% and 69.54%, respectively. K. rosea promoted the transformation of nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), and potassium(K) in the rhizosphere soil into the available state. Compared with that in the control, the content of available N(54.60 mg·kg~(-1)), available P(1.83 μmol·g~(-1)), and available K(83.75 mg·kg~(-1)) in the treatment with K. rosea increased by 138.78%, 44.89%, and 14.34%, respectively. The content of N, P, and K in the treatment group increased by 293.22%, 202.63%, and 23.80% in the roots and by 23.60%, 107.23%, and 134.53% in the leaves of R. glutinosa, respectively. K. rosea carried the genes related to colonization(rbsB, efp, bcsA, and gmhC), N, P, and K metabolism(narG, narH, narI, nasA, nasB, GDH2, pyk, aceB, ackA, CS, ppa, ppk, ppk2, pstS, pstA, pstB, and pstC), and indole-3-acetic acid and zeatin synthesis(iaaH and miaA). Further studies showed that K. rosea could colonize the roots of R. glutinosa and secrete indole-3-acetic acid(3.85 μg·mL~(-1)) and zeatin(0.10 μg·mL~(-1)). In summary, K. rosea promotes the growth of R.ehmannia glutinosa by enhancing the nutrient uptake, which provides a theoretical basis for the development of plant growth-promoting microbial products.
Rehmannia/metabolism* ; Endophytes/metabolism* ; Plant Roots/growth & development* ; Micrococcaceae/genetics* ; Data Mining ; Plant Leaves/metabolism* ; Genomics ; Rhizosphere

Objective:To investigate the value of serum free light chain(sFLC)and serum calcium ion in the diagnosis and prognosis of multiple myeloma(MM).Methods:Forty patients with MM treated in Henan Provincial People's Hospital from January 2018 to January 2022 were selected as the observation group,and 40 healthy volunteers were selected as the control group.The differences of sFLC-κ,sFLC-λ,sFLC-κ/λ,serum calcium ions,etc between the two groups were compared.Meanwhile,the differences of sFLC-κ,sFLC-λ,sFLC-κ/λ,serum calcium ions,etc in different international staging systems(ISS),chemotherapy efficacy and prognosis patients were analyzed.Results:The levels of sFLC-κ[(98.39±21.19)vs(12.01±4.45)mg/L],sFLC-λ[(210.20±45.54)vs(14.10±5.11)mg/L]and proportions of hypocalcemia(65％vs 0)in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05),while sFLC-κ/λ ratio[(0.44±0.10)vs(0.87±0.12)]and serum calcium ions[(1.98±0.46)vs(2.42±0.40)mmol/L]were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).The sFLC-κ,sFLC-λ,the proportion of hypocalcemia and the course of hypocalcemia in ISS stage Ⅲ patients in the observation group were significantly higher than those in stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ patients(P＜0.05),while sFLC-κ/λ ratio,and serum calcium ions were significantly lower than those in stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ patients(P＜0.05).The levels of sFLC-κ[(107.76±21.22)vs(94.67 ±20.11)mg/L],sFLC-λ[(245.54±41.12)vs(205.54±50.22)mg/L]of patients with hypocalcemia in the observation group was significantly higher than those without hypocalcemia(P＜0.05),while the sFLC-κ/λ ratio was significantly lower than those without hypocalcemia[(0.42±0.04)vs(0.47±0.06);P＜0.05].The levels of sFLC-κ[(107.29±20.14)vs(91.11±18.92)mg/L],sFLC-λ[(247.98±42.26)vs(179.29±39.32)mg/L]in patients with ineffective chemotherapy were significantly higher than those in patients with effective chemotherapy(P＜0.05),while the sFLC-κ/λ ratio was significantly lower than those in patients with effective chemotherapy[(0.43± 0.10)vs(0.50±0.09);P＜0.05)].The area under the ROC curve for sFLC-κ,sFLC-λ,sFLC-κ/λ predicting ineffective chemotherapy was 0.803,0.793 and 0.699 respectively,P＜0.05.There was no significant difference in sFLC-κ,sFLC-λ,sFLC-κ/λ ratio,serum calcium ion,hypocalcemia ratio and hypocalcemia course between survival and death patients(P＞0.05).Conclusion:sFLC and serum calcium are related to 1SS stage of MM patients.sFLC level has a certain value to predict the curative effect of chemotherapy in MM patients.However,the prognostic values of sFLC and serum calcium are not yet confirmed for MM patients.

In this study, a high-performance liquid chromatography method was established to simultaneously determine three flavonoids including hesperidin (HES), nobiletin (NOB) and tangeretin (TAN) in 10 batches of Citrus reticulata 'Chachi' planted and collected in Xinhui District, Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province. Moreover, we studied the metabolism and transformation of three flavonoids in liver and intestinal flora in vitro, and sequenced 16S rRNA of bacteria flora samples after incubation. The RP-HPLC system consisted of Alltima C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) and a mobile phase of water (A) - methanol (B). The column temperature was 25 ℃ and the detection wavelength was both 283 nm and 330 nm while the flow rate was 1.0 mL·min^-1. The results showed that the retention time of HES, NOB and TAN ranged from 12.313 min to 34.271 min. The content of HES, NOB and TAN in 10 batches of Citrus reticulata 'Chachi' was 26.81-39.80 mg·g^-1, 4.06-7.90 mg·g^-1 and 1.81-3.93 mg·g^-1, respectively. There were differences in the content of flavonoids in different batches and growing areas. The three flavonoids were metabolized in various degrees after incubation of rat and human liver S9, cytosol, microsomes or intestinal flora in vitro, especially HES. The results of 16S rRNA showed that the main flavonoids of Citrus reticulata 'Chachi' could regulate lipid metabolism by regulating intestinal flora related to energy metabolism. This study established a rapid, simple, reproducible and stable quantitative analysis method for detecting the main flavonoids in Citrus reticulata 'Chachi' which evaluated the content of flavonoids from Citrus reticulata 'Chachi' in different growing areas and different storage periods. The intestinal bacteria can metabolize and transform the flavonoids of Citrus reticulata 'Chachi' to varying degrees, which provides a valuable scientific basis for the subsequent study on the material basis of the efficacy of Citrus reticulata 'Chachi' from the perspective of metabolism. Animal experiments were approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Guangdong Jiangmen Chinese Medicine College (No. 20190419).

Humans ; Child ; Primary Myelofibrosis/genetics* ; Prognosis ; Mutation

Objective: To investigate the repair effect and JNK/NF-κB,SOX9 mechanisms of vibration exercise with different frequencies on articular cartilage in rats with early knee osteoarthritis. Methods: Forty-eight adult male SD rats were randomly divided into six groups(n=8):model control group(MC),high frequency vibration group 1 (GP₁,60 Hz),high frequency vibration 2 group (GP₂,40 Hz),medium frequency vibration group (ZP,20 Hz),minor frequency group(DP,10 Hz)and normal control group(NC). Except for NC group,the rats in each group were made into early knee osteoarthritis model after six weeks of knee joint cavity injection of papain solution and 2% mixture l-cysteine on the 1^st,4 ^th and 7^th day. Each exercise group was subjected vibration to 40 minutes a day with amplitude of 2～5 mm and 5 days a week. Four weeks later, the articular cartilage of the lateral femoral condyle of the both back leg knee joints were detected by HE staining,serine O staining and Mankin scores for morphological observation. The expression levels of JNK,NF-κB p65 and Sox9 mRNA in articular cartilage of the medial femoral condyle were detected by RT-qPCR,and the protein expressions of JNK,NF-κB p65 and Sox9 were detected by Western blot. Results: Compared with the NC group,the Mankin score in other groups was significantly higher (P＜0.01). Compared with the MC group,the Mankin score of each vibration group was significantly lower(P＜0.05),the mRNA and protein expressions of JNK and NF-κB p65 in each vibration training group were significantly lower (P＜0.01),the expressions of Sox9 mRNA and protein in vibration training group were increased significantly (P＜0.01). Compared with the higher frequency group,the Mankin score,the mRNA and protein expressions of JNK and NF-κB p65 of lower frequency group were significantly lower (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). But the expressions of Sox9 mRNA and protein were significantly higher (P＜ 0.05 or P＜0.01). Conclusion: Vibration exercise of different frequencies may present varying degrees of cartilage repair impact in rats with early knee osteoarthritis,and the cartilage repair by low-frequency vibration training is better than that by high-frequency vibration. This can be one of the mechanisms on controlling collagen synthesis by down-regulating JNK/NF-κB expression and increasing SOX9 activity of OA articular cartilage.
Animals ; Cartilage, Articular/metabolism* ; MAP Kinase Kinase 4 ; Male ; NF-kappa B/metabolism* ; Osteoarthritis, Knee/therapy* ; RNA, Messenger/metabolism* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; SOX9 Transcription Factor ; Vibration