To effectively carry out community health education and prevention and control of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),we conducted a questionnaire survey on the awareness of COPD knowledge among residents aged 40 and above in Jiading District of Shanghai by using two-stage sampling method.We included 1 783 permanent residents in 4 districts and collected 1 666 valid questionnaires.The awareness rates of COPD name,pulmonary function test and related knowledge were 15.9%,11.9%and 17.2%,respectively.For the main symptoms of COPD,the awareness rate of sputum was the lowest(65.2%),of shortness of breath and dyspnea was the highest(78.4%).For the risk factors,the awareness rate of severe respiratory tract infection in childhood was the lowest(67.3%),of smoking was the highest(86.8%).Multiple response analysis showed that mobile phones and computers accounted for the highest proportion of acquiring knowledge of COPD(66.7%).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that low educational level,low monthly income,engaged in production and manufacturing,never or less exercise,no use of indoor air improvement measures,no wearing of masks in public places and no vaccination of influenza vaccine per year were associated with lower awareness rate of COPD.The community should improve the way and ability of health science popularization,and carry out health education for key groups.

AIM To analyze the dynamic change patterns of aflatoxin B1,aflatoxin B2,aflatoxin G1,aflatoxin G2,T-2 toxin and deoxynivalenol contents during the fermentation of Massa Medicata Fermentata.METHODS The analysis was performed on a 40 ℃ thermostatic Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 column(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of 0.01％formic acid-[acetonitrile-methanol(1∶1)]flowing at 0.3 mL/min,and electron spray ionization source was adopted in positive ion scanning with multiple reaction monitoring mode.RESULTS Six mycotoxins showed good linear relationships within their own ranges(R2＞0.998 0),whose average recoveries were 76.1％-119.3％with the RSDs of 0.49％-9.27％,and except for deoxynivalenol,their contents demonstrated the trends of growing out of nothing and gradually increasing.CONCLUSION The risk of mycotoxin infection exists in the fermentation of Massa Medicata Fermentata.This simple,efficient,rapid and sensitive method can provide a reference for whole-process monitoring the fermentation process for Massa Medicata Fermentata.

Hypokalemia,a common clinical electrolyte disorder,can affect multiple systems and can be life-threatening in severe cases.Identifying the cause of hypokalemia is crucial for its prevention and treatment.However,the etiology of hypokalemia is complex and often requires detailed differential diagnosis.This article reports a rare clinical case of hypokalemia caused by long-term excessive consumption of strong tea and discusses its pathogenesis.The aim is to raise clinical awareness and understanding of the etiology of such cases of hypokalemia and reduce misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.

Hypokalemia,a common clinical electrolyte disorder,can affect multiple systems and can be life-threatening in severe cases.Identifying the cause of hypokalemia is crucial for its prevention and treatment.However,the etiology of hypokalemia is complex and often requires detailed differential diagnosis.This article reports a rare clinical case of hypokalemia caused by long-term excessive consumption of strong tea and discusses its pathogenesis.The aim is to raise clinical awareness and understanding of the etiology of such cases of hypokalemia and reduce misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.

Objective To carry out quality control testing of anesthesia ventilators to ensure the reliability and safety during their clinical use.Methods Totally 88 anesthesia ventilators used in some hospital underwent quality control testing in terms of tidal volume,peak airway pressure and positive end-expiratory pressure by using a gas flow analyzer according to JJF(E)61-2020 Calibration Specification of Anesthetic Machines,which included 31 ones,36 ones,12 ones and 9 ones respectively from brand A,B,C and D.The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze the variability of the measured values and errors of the performance indicators between different brands of anesthesia ventilators,the chi-square test was applied to discussing the variability of the accuracy class of the performance indicators between different brands of anesthesia ventilators,and the Pearson correlation coefficient was adopted to investigate the correlation between the years of use and the absolute values of the relative errors of the performance indicators.Results The 88 anesthesia ventilators had the overall pass rate for quality control testing being 42.05%,of which,brand B had the highest pass rate(52.78%)and brand C had the lowest pass rate(8.33%).Brand B gained advantages in tidal volume when compared with brand A,C and D,with the differences being significant(P<0.05);brand A behaved the best in peak airway pressure and positive end-expiratory pressure when compared with brand B,C and D,with the differences being significant(P<0.05).Brand A had the highest proportion(63.08%)of distinction and credit in terms of the three performance indicators.The absolute value of the relative error in tidal volume was positively correlated with the years of use at the 3 measurement points for setting values of 400,600,and 800 mL respectively(P<0.05),and there was a significant correlation between the absolute value of the relative error and the years of use at a peak airway pressure setting of 10 cmH2O(1 cmH2O=98.07 Pa)(P<0.05).Conclusion Quality control testing of anesthesia ventilators contributes to finding the risks during their application,which can be an effective tool to ensure the safety of anesthesia ventilators used in medical institutions.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(9):75-80]

Objective:To explore the mechanism of long non-coding RNA nuclear-enriched transcript 1(LncRNA NEAT1)on improving myocardial injury in rats with myocardial infarction(MI)mechanism through miR-136/extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2(ERK1/2)axis.Methods:Using the random number table method,120 male SD rats were divided into 6 groups(n=20):sham group,myocardial infarction group(MI group),control interference group(sh-NC group),NEAT1 interference group(sh-NEAT1 group),NEAT1 interference+miR-136 control inhibition group(sh-NEAT1+antagomiR-NC group)and NEAT1 interference+miR-136 suppression group(sh-NEAT1+antagomiR-136 group).Seven days before MI operation,100 μl of corresponding adenovirus vector was injected into the myocardium.Rats in each group were ligated the left anterior descending vessel to establish MI model.In sham group,only the left chest was opened and the heart was exposed without ligation.H9C2 cardiomyocyte were divided into:control group,vehicle group,sh-NC group,sh-NEAT1 group,sh-NEAT1+antagomiR-NC group and sh-NEAT1+antagomiR-136 group.Car-diomyocyte were transfected with corresponding NEAT1 interference vector and negative control,miR-136 inhibitor and negative con-trol.StarBase prediction and dual luciferase report experiment verify the targeted regulation of LncRNA NEAT1 on miR-136;myocar-dial infarct size was measured by TTC staining,and myocardial histopathological changes were observed by HE staining;Echocardiog-raphy was used to detect rat cardiac function;detection of apoptosis in rat myocardial tissue and H9C2 cells by flow cytometry.ELISA method was used to detect serum oxidative stress,corresponding indexes of myocardial enzymes and the contents of inflammatory fac-tors in myocardial tissue and H9C2 cells.CCK8 and EdU staining were used to detect the proliferation ability of H9C2 cells.RT-qPCR was used to detect the expressions of miR-136,SIRT1 mRNA in myocardial tissue and H9C2 cells.Western blot was used to detect the expressions of ERK1/2,p-ERK1/2,B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2),Bcl2-related X protein(Bax)protein in rat myocardial tissue and H9C2 cells.Results:The expression of LncRNA NEAT1 was up-regulated in injured myocardial tissues and cells,and the expression of miR-136 was down-regulated(P<0.05).At the same time,NEAT1 targets and regulates the level of miR-136.Inhibition of NEAT1 expression could increase left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),left ventricular fraction shortening(LVFS),Bcl-2 level,and de-crease the activities of creatine kinase(CK),lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),and aspartame Acid transaminase(AST),superoxide dismutase(SOD),reduce Bax,troponin Ⅰ(cTnⅠ),malondialdehyde(MDA),TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,ERK1/2/p-ERK1/2 levels(P<0.05),promote the proliferation of myocardial cells,inhibit cell apoptosis,reduce the area of myocardial infarction,inhibit oxida-tive stress and inflammation,and improve myocardial damage Inhibiting miR-136 can save the above effects.Conclusion:The expres-sion of LncRNA NEAT1 is up-regulated and the expression of miR-136 is down-regulated in injured myocardial tissue and cells.Inhibi-tion of LncRNA NEAT1 expression inhibits apoptosis,oxidative stress and inflammation through miR-136/ERK1/2 axis,thus improving myocardial injury.

Objective To carry out quality control testing of anesthesia ventilators to ensure the reliability and safety during their clinical use.Methods Totally 88 anesthesia ventilators used in some hospital underwent quality control testing in terms of tidal volume,peak airway pressure and positive end-expiratory pressure by using a gas flow analyzer according to JJF(E)61-2020 Calibration Specification of Anesthetic Machines,which included 31 ones,36 ones,12 ones and 9 ones respectively from brand A,B,C and D.The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to analyze the variability of the measured values and errors of the performance indicators between different brands of anesthesia ventilators,the chi-square test was applied to discussing the variability of the accuracy class of the performance indicators between different brands of anesthesia ventilators,and the Pearson correlation coefficient was adopted to investigate the correlation between the years of use and the absolute values of the relative errors of the performance indicators.Results The 88 anesthesia ventilators had the overall pass rate for quality control testing being 42.05%,of which,brand B had the highest pass rate(52.78%)and brand C had the lowest pass rate(8.33%).Brand B gained advantages in tidal volume when compared with brand A,C and D,with the differences being significant(P<0.05);brand A behaved the best in peak airway pressure and positive end-expiratory pressure when compared with brand B,C and D,with the differences being significant(P<0.05).Brand A had the highest proportion(63.08%)of distinction and credit in terms of the three performance indicators.The absolute value of the relative error in tidal volume was positively correlated with the years of use at the 3 measurement points for setting values of 400,600,and 800 mL respectively(P<0.05),and there was a significant correlation between the absolute value of the relative error and the years of use at a peak airway pressure setting of 10 cmH2O(1 cmH2O=98.07 Pa)(P<0.05).Conclusion Quality control testing of anesthesia ventilators contributes to finding the risks during their application,which can be an effective tool to ensure the safety of anesthesia ventilators used in medical institutions.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(9):75-80]

Objective:Based on the background of high-quality development,we analyze the operational efficiency of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)hospitals in China's Yangtze River Economic Belt in 2021 and explore the impact of external environmental factors on operational efficiency,so as to provide a reference for promoting the high-quality development of TCM hospitals in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.Methods:The three-stage DEA model was used to analyze the operational efficiency of TCM hospitals in 11 provinces and cities in the Yangtze River Economic Zone in China in 2021.Results:After three-stage DEA analysis,the values of comprehensive efficiency,pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of TCM hospitals in China's Yangtze River Economic Belt are 0.976,0.986 and 0.990,respectively.5 provinces and cities,Shanghai,Jiangsu,Hunan,Chongqing and Guizhou,are efficient before and after the adjustment,and the comprehensive efficiency of Zhejiang,Anhui,Hubei,Jiangxi,Sichuan and Yunnan have increased compared with that before the adjustment.Ranking of the average value of the comprehensive efficiency of TCM hospitals operation in the three major city clusters of the Yangtze River Economic Belt after adjustment:Chengdu-Chongqing city cluster(0.998)>city cluster in the Yangtze River Delta(0.964)>city cluster in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River(0.962).Conclusion:The operational efficiency of TCM hospitals in the Yangtze River Economic Zone has been underestimated,and the comprehensive efficiency is mainly affected by scale efficiency;there are differences in the operational efficiency of TCM hospitals in the three major urban agglomerations,and balanced development is needed between regions;the operational efficiency of TCM hospitals is affected by the external environment,and it is necessary to improve the external environment;it is necessary to strengthen the construction of digital and informatization of TCM,and to pay attention to the role of talents in TCM,so as to promote the high-quality development of TCM hospitals.

Objective To analyze the application of in-use laparoscopes in clincal departments to enhance the laparoscope's effectiveness.Methods The effective utilization data of 29 laparoscopes from January 2024 to June 2024 were acquired with an hospital intelligent medical device management platform.Comparisons were carried out in terms of average daily workload,average daily hours of use and average daily efficiency between the laparoscopes from different departments and brands with non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test and between the conventional and 3D laparoscopes with non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test.Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between the number of years of laparoscope use and the average daily workload,the average daily hours of use,and the average daily efficiency and the chi-square test was applied to investigating the relationship between the surgery grade and the type of equipment selected.Results Thoracic sugery department had the highest average daily workload(3.82 person-time),while the general medical department had the highest average daily hours of use(443.76 min)and the highest daily efficiency(92.45％).There were significant differences between the laparoscopes from different departments in average daily workload,average daily hours of use and average daily efficiency(P＜0.05).Brand D laparoscope behaved the best among brands of laparoscopes with the highest average daily workload(3.72 person-time),average daily hours of use(394.41 min)and average daily efficiency(82.17％).There were sig-nificant differences between the brands of laparoscopesin average daily workload,average daily hours of use and average daily efficiency(P＜0.05).3D laparoscopes obviously gained advantages over the conventional ones in average daily workload,average daily hours of use and average daily efficiency(P＜0.05).The number of years of use correlated negatively with average daily workload,average daily hours of use and average daily efficiency,with Pearson correlation coefficients being-0.095,-0.039 and-0.039 respectively.Grade Three and Four surgeries had significant differences in types of selected equipment(P＜0.001),and 3D laparoscopes were preferred for Grade Four surgery.Conclusion Utilization analysis of laparoscopes provides data support for optimized application and setup of laparoscopes.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(2):87-91]

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of transcranial ultrasound stimulation combined with low-frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation on the treatment of cognitive and motor function deficits in stroke patients.Methods:Ninety patients with cerebral hemorrhage in the rehabilitation department from July 2023 to July 2024 were selected and divided into control group( n=44)and observation group( n=46)randomly.The control group received conventional rehabilitation methods and low-frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation rehabilitation treatment, while the observation group received transcranial ultrasound treatment in addition.Mini-mental state examination (MMSE), simplified Fugl-Meyer assessment (SFMA), modified Barthel index (MBI) and Brunnstrom movement therapy phase were used to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive and motor rehabilitation treatment for all stroke patients.The data were analyzed by paired t-test, independent sample t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test using SPSS 26.0 software. Results:After treatment, the scores of MMSE (observation group: 26.12±2.24, control group: 23.08±1.56), SFMA(observation group: 24.83±9.02, control group: 17.24±9.51), and MBI(observation group: 68.00±7.03, control group: 49.66±7.98) of both groups were significantly higher than those before treatment(MMSE(observation group: 21.32±2.11, control group: 21.56±1.96), SFMA(observation group: 10.43±8.05, control group: 10.56±7.63), MBI (observation group: 32.34±7.65, control group: 32.00±9.73)), and the differences were all statistically significant ( t=-18.13--2.31, all P<0.05).The scores of MMSE, SFMA, and MBI in observation group were all higher than those of the control group, with statistically significant differences( t=-4.45, -4.51, -5.59, all P<0.05). After treatment, the observation group had more patients with Brunstrom stage Ⅳ or above in the affected upper limb ( Z=-6.236, P=0.045) and lower limb ( Z=-6.589, P=0.036) compared to the control group. There were more patients in both two groups with grade Ⅳ or above in the affected lower limb than in the affected upper limb ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The combination of transcranial ultrasound stimulation therapy and low-frequency neuromuscular electrical stimulation therapy can significantly improve cognitive and motor dysfunction in stroke patients. It can be used for the rehabilitation treatment of cognitive and motor dysfunction in stroke patients.