Medical institutions, with their clinical practice foundation and abundant human use experience data, have become important carriers for the inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and the "cradles" of the preparation of new TCM. To effectively promote the transformation of new TCM originating from the TCM clinical practice in medical institutions and establish an effective evaluation index system for the transformation of new TCM conforming to the characteristics of TCM, consensus experts adopted the literature research, questionnaire survey, Delphi method, etc. By focusing on the policy and technical evaluation of new TCM originating from the TCM clinical practice in medical institutions, a comprehensive evaluation from the dimensions of drug safety, efficacy, feasibility, and characteristic advantages was conducted, thus forming a comprehensive evaluation system with four primary indicators and 37 secondary indicators. The expert consensus reached aims to encourage medical institutions at all levels to continuously improve the high-quality research and development and transformation of new TCM originating from the TCM clinical practice in medical institutions and targeted at clinical needs, so as to provide a decision-making basis for the preparation, selection, cultivation, and transformation of new TCM for medical institutions, improve the development efficiency of new TCM, and precisely respond to the public medication needs.
Medicine, Chinese Traditional/standards* ; Humans ; Consensus ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: To investigate the pathological changes of the synovium in mice with post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) treated with 4-octyl itaconate (4-OI) and evaluate the therapeutic effects of 4-OI. METHODS: In the phenotypic validation experiment, the mice were randomly divided into 3 groups: wild-type (WT) group, sham group, and destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM) group. Through MRI, micro-CT, and histological analysis, it was determined that the DMM surgery induced a mouse PTOA model with significant signs of synovitis. At 12 weeks post-DMM surgery, synovial tissues from the DMM group and WT group mice were collected for ribonucleic acid sequencing analysis. In the 4-OI treatment experiment, mice were randomly divided into the sham group, DMM group, DMM + 4-OI (50 mg/kg) group, and DMM + 4-OI (100 mg/kg) group. Von Frey tests and open field tests were conducted at intervals during the 12 weeks following the DMM surgery. After 12 weeks of surgery, the efficacy of 4-OI treatment on PTOA in mice was evaluated using MRI, micro-CT, histological analysis, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Finally, we utilized network pharmacology analysis to predict the mechanism of 4-OI in treating PTOA synovitis and conducted preliminary validation. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test. Difference was considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. RESULTS: The DMM surgery effectively induced a PTOA mouse model, which displayed significant symptoms of synovitis. These symptoms included a notable increase in both the number of calcified tissues and osteophytes (p < 0.001), an enlargement of the calcified meniscus and synovial tissue volume (p < 0.001), and thickening of the synovial lining layer attributable to M1 macrophage accumulation (p = 0.035). Additionally, we observed elevated histological scores for synovitis (p < 0.001). Treatment with 4-OI inhibited the thickening of M1 macrophages in the synovial lining layer of PTOA mice (p < 0.001) and reduced fibrosis in the synovial stroma (p = 0.004). Furthermore, it reduced the histological scores of knee synovitis in PTOA mice (p = 0.006) and improved the inflammatory microenvironment associated with synovitis. Consequently, this treatment alleviated pain in PTOA mice (p < 0.001) and reduced spontaneous activity (p = 0.003). Bioinformatics and network pharmacology analyses indicated that 4-OI may exert its therapeutic effects by inhibiting the differentiation of synovial Th17 cells. Specifically, compared to the lipopolysaccharide stimulation group, 4-OI reduced the levels of positive regulatory factors of Th17 cell differentiation (IL-1: p < 0.001, IL-6: p < 0.001), key effector molecules (IL-17A: p < 0.001, IL-17F: p = 0.004), and downstream effector molecules in the IL-17 signaling pathway (CCL2: p < 0.001, MMP13: p < 0.001). CONCLUSION 4-OI is effective in inhibiting synovitis in PTOA, thereby alleviating the associated painful symptoms.
Animals ; Synovitis/etiology* ; Mice ; Osteoarthritis/etiology* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Male ; Succinates/pharmacology* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; X-Ray Microtomography

The genome tagging project (GTP) plays a pivotal role in addressing a critical gap in the understanding of protein functions. Within this framework, we successfully generated a human influenza hemagglutinin-tagged sperm-specific protein 411 (HA-tagged Ssp411) mouse model. This model is instrumental in probing the expression and function of Ssp411. Our research revealed that Ssp411 is expressed in the round spermatids, elongating spermatids, elongated spermatids, and epididymal spermatozoa. The comprehensive examination of the distribution of Ssp411 in these germ cells offers new perspectives on its involvement in spermiogenesis. Nevertheless, rigorous further inquiry is imperative to elucidate the precise mechanistic underpinnings of these functions. Ssp411 is not detectable in metaphase II (MII) oocytes, zygotes, or 2-cell stage embryos, highlighting its intricate role in early embryonic development. These findings not only advance our understanding of the role of Ssp411 in reproductive physiology but also significantly contribute to the overarching goals of the GTP, fostering groundbreaking advancements in the fields of spermiogenesis and reproductive biology.
Animals ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Spermatids/metabolism* ; Spermatogenesis/physiology* ; Spermatozoa/metabolism* ; Thioredoxins/genetics*

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the differences in the prognosis of gastric signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) among different races using the US Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. METHODS: We analyzed the data of patients with gastric SRCC from the SEER database from 2000 to 2020, and divided the patients into cohorts of whites, blacks, Asians or Pacific Islanders, American Indians/Alaska Natives according to their race. The prognosis and treatment of the cohorts were evaluated using baseline demographic analysis, Kamplan-Meier survival curve, and nomogram analysis. RESULTS: We analyzed the data of a total of 2058 patients, including 8.6% blacks, 72.4% whites, 16.6% Asians or Pacific Islanders, 1.0% American Indians/Alaska Natives, and 1.4% other races. The tumor grade varied among different races, and the prevalence and survival rates of patients differed significantly across races. The differences in the white cohort were the most prominent, and all the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Racial differences were also noted in patient management and prognosis. CONCLUSIONS There are racial differences in tumor grades and prognosis of gastric SRCC, and these differences provide evidence for optimizing clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies for this malignancy.
Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Carcinoma, Signet Ring Cell/therapy* ; Databases, Factual ; Prognosis ; Racial Groups ; SEER Program ; Stomach Neoplasms/therapy* ; Survival Rate ; United States/epidemiology* ; White ; Asian American Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander ; American Indian or Alaska Native ; Black or African American

Objective:To study the clinical and pathological features, immunophenotypes, molecular genetics characteristics, differential diagnosis, and prognostic factors of pulmonary and tracheal glomus tumors.Method:Eight cases of pulmonary and tracheal glomus tumors were collected in Jiangsu Provincial Hospital (including 1 consultation, from Gaochun People's Hospital, Nanjing, China) between May 2015 and April 2023, and their clinical and imaging data, pathological morphology, and immunohistochemical characteristics were retrospectively analyzed. Gene testing and follow-up were performed.Result:There were 5 males and 3 females with onset ages ranging from 29 to 75 years old, median age 63.5 years. Among the patients, 5 cases were located in the trachea and 3 cases in the lungs. Under light microscopy, 5 cases were benign glomus tumors with clear boundaries, diffuse sheet or nest-like distribution, small, round or short spindle-shaped tumor cells, rounded and centered nuclei, and no obvious nuclear mitosis was seen. Two cases of glomus tumor of uncertain malignant potential showed an infiltrative growth pattern involving smooth muscle, nerves and blood vessels with necrosis and calcification, the tumor cells were more uniform in size, round or short spindle-shaped nuclei, and no obvious nuclear mitosis was seen; One case of malignant glomus tumor was seen in sarcomatous areas, lung membrane invasion and necrosis, the tumor cells were highly heterogeneous, binucleated and multinucleated, with nuclear mitoses of 20/50 high power field (HPF), and pathologic nuclear mitoses were easy to be seen. Immunohistochemically, SMA, Calponin, H-caldesmon, Vimentin and Collagen Ⅳ were all positive (8/8). Some cases expressed Syn (3/8) and Bcl-2 (4/8). The Ki-67 proliferation index was 1-2% (7/8) and 40% (1/8). BRAF V600E were detected as wild-type (8/8), and no mutations were detected in exons 2, 3, and 4 of KRAS human EML4- ALK fusion gene were negative in 5 surgical cases. Case 6 showed HMBOX1- ALK gene fusion, TERT gene mutation and CDKN2A gene deletion, and case 8 showed CARMN- NOTCH2 gene fusion. Seven cases were followed up (8-103 months, median follow-up time 30 months), 1 case was lost, 1 case recurred 21 months after surgery, and others with no evidence of recurrence or metastasis. Conclusions:Pulmonary and tracheal glomus tumors are very rare and need to be differentiated from other common tumors by combining pathological morphology and immunohistochemistry. Maybe there are some differences in the malignant diagnostic criteria and molecular genetic characteristics between visceral derived glomus tumors and soft tissue derived tumors of the same kind, such as limbs and skin. More data accumulation is needed.

In order to investigate the mitigating effect of Yin Chen aqueous extract on liver injury induced by LPS combined with D-GalN in mice,a mouse liver injury model was established by in-traperitoneal injection of LPS and D-GalN,and the mice were group-fed by instillation of saline,bi-phenyl dibenzyl ester,and Yin Chen aqueous extract with different concentrations of LPS and D-GalN.The liver index of mice was calculated,pathological tissue sections were observed,and the expression of ALT,AST,inflammatory cytokines,oxidative stress,hepatic enzymes,and IL-17/TNF pathway were detected in serum to investigate the effects and mechanisms of the aqueous ex-tracts of Yin Chen in alleviating the liver injury in mice.The results showed that the liver index of mice in the model group was significantly elevated,the serum levels of ALT and AST were signifi-cantly elevated,the levels of IL-iβ,IL-8 and TNF-α in liver tissue were significantly elevated,the levels of IL-4 were significantly reduced,the levels of GSH-Px,CAT and SOD were significantly reduced,the levels of ROS and MDA were significantly elevated,CYP2E1 and CYP1A2 protein content and mRNA expression were significantly up-regulated,and the expression levels of TNF,TNFR1,IL-17A,ACT1 and IL-6 mRNA were significantly up-regulated.The study showed that the aqueous extract of Yin Chen had a certain alleviating effect on the liver injury caused by LPS combined with D-GalN in mice.The mechanism of action includes decreasing the metabolic level of hepatic drug enzymes,alleviating oxidative stress,inhibiting the expression of IL-17/TNF pathway and down-regulating the level of inflammatory factors in mice.

Aim To investigate the inhibitory effect of the protein kinase D(PKD)-specific inhibitor CRT0066101 on hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and its underlying molecular mechanisms,providing new theoretical insights and therapeutic strategies for targe-ted HCC treatment.Methods HCC cell lines were treated with varying concentrations of CRT0066101.The inhibitory effects on cell proliferation were assessed using the CCK-8 assay,colony formation assay,and EdU staining.The impact on cell migration and inva-sion was evaluated through wound-healing assays and Transwell migration and invasion assays.was employed toThe effects of CRT0066101 on the phosphorylation levels of PKD and key proteins in the downstream PI3K/AKT signaling pathway were analyzed using Western blot.Additionally,the drug's regulatory effects on apoptosis and autophagy in HCC cells were examined using Western blot,flow cytometry,and the mRFP-GFP-LC3 dual-fluorescence reporter system.Results CRT0066101 significantly inhibited the pro-liferation,migration and invasion of HCC cells.West-ern blotting results demonstrated that CRT0066101 dose-dependently suppressed the phosphorylation of PKD family proteins and downregulated the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.Furthermore,CRT0066101 treatment upregulated the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax while downregulating the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2.It also markedly increased the expression levels of autophagy marker proteins Bec-lin-1 and LC3B-Ⅱ,suggesting that the drug simulta-neously induced apoptosis and autophagy in HCC cells.Conclusions CRT0066101 specifically inhibits PKD activity,blocks the PI3K/AKT signaling path-way,suppresses HCC cell proliferation and metastasis,and induces apoptosis and autophagy.These findings indicate that CRT0066101 is a promising small-mole-cule inhibitor for targeted HCC therapy with potential clinical applications.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of posterior cranial fossa in- situ floating bone flap osteotomy in the treatment of syndromic craniosynostosis(SCS). Methods:The clinical data of SCS children who underwent posterior cranial fossa in- situ floating bone flap osteotomy at the Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from April 2020 to August 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The surgical procedures were as follows. The occipital bone was cut into several mosaic bone flaps of varying sizes, without peeling it off the dura, which were left as a small free floating bone flap. The anteroposterior cranial diameter, cranial height, intracranial volume, and degree of improvement in tonsillar herniation and hydrocephalus of the children (hydrocephalus quantification was performed using the ratio of the ventricular diameter to the biparietal diameter)were measured preoperatively, 7 days postoperatively, 3 months postoperatively, and at the last follow-up (at least 12 months after the operation) to evaluate the surgical outcomes. The measurement data of normal distribution were expressed as Mean±SD. The paired t-test was used for comparison within the repeated measurement data groups at the two time points. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on the repeated measurement data at multiple time points, and pairwise comparisons in post hoc tests were corrected using the Bonferroni method. Results:A total of 17 pediatric patients with SCS were included, comprising 10 males and 7 females, with ages ranging from 4 to 18 months (mean age: 9.5 months). Among them, 12 patients were complicated with Chiari malformation and hydrocephalus (1 severe case, 8 moderate cases, and 3 mild cases). Postoperative follow-up lasted 12 to 35 months, with an average of 17 months. After surgery, the posterior cranial appearance of the children was enlarged, with increased convexity of the occiput and a full contour. At the last follow-up, the middle cranial height [(107.80±10.72) mm vs. (102.82±10.09) mm, P<0.05], the posterior cranial height [(124.91±10.40) mm vs. (107.58±13.46) mm, P<0.01] and anteroposterior diameter [(153.30±11.26) mm vs. (123.64±17.44) mm, P<0.01] as well as the intracranial volume [(1 317.92±225.77) cm 3 vs. (1 014.93±231.81) cm 3,P<0.01] were increased compared with the preoperative period, and the average improvement rate of intracranial volume was 37.0% (18.1%-79.2%). Among the 12 cases of tonsillar herniation, 7 cases had improvement. Moreover, all the 12 cases of hydrocephalus witnessed a mitigation in severity, from (46.33±9.34)% preoperatively to (35.24±9.88)% postoperatively, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.01). Conclusion:Posterior cranial fossa in- situ floating bone flap osteotomy can effectively improve the appearance of patients with SCS, increase the intracranial volume, relieve the degree of hydrocephalus, and reduce the intracranial pressure.

Objective To explore the perfusion distribution of vertebral arteries(VA)in healthy adults,and to observe the impact of VA diameter on perfusion distribution based on territorial arterial spin labeling(t-ASL)technique.Methods A total of 228 healthy adult volunteers were prospectively recruited.t-ASL imaging was utilized to analyze VA perfusion patterns in supratentorial region.Bilateral VA diameters,absolute inter-side VA diameter differences,as well as perfusion volumes(PV)supplied by each VA to supratentorial,cerebellar and their combined were recorded.Pearson correlation analysis was performed to analyze the correlations of VA diameters with PVsupratentorial,PVcerebellar and PVsupratentorial+cerebellar.Results Five patterns of distinct perfusion distribution were identified in supratentorial region,leading to participant stratification into 5 groups.Significant differences of absolute inter-side VA diameter differences was found among groups(P＜0.001).The mean bilateral VA diameter,PVsupratentorial,PVcerebellar and PVsupratentorial+cerebellar was(1.94±0.49)mm,(91.77±49.34)cm3,(74.72±27.68)cm3 and(166.49±59.53)cm3,respectively.VA diameter showed low-moderate positive correlations with PVsupratentorial,PVcerebellar and PVsupratentorial+cerebellar(r=0.483,0.179,0.484,all P＜0.001).Conclusion Perfusion imaging of t-ASL could visualize various perfusion distribution forms of VA in supratentorial region.Diameter of VA had certain impact on both spatial distribution characteristics and quantitative perfusion volumes.

Objective To investigate the knowledge and attitude of clinical nurses on Panvascular Disease(PVD)care in Zhejiang Province,and to analyze the influencing factors,so as to provide references for constructing a systematic PVD training program.Methods The convenient sampling method was used to investigate 454 nurses from 36 general hospitals in 11 prefectures and cities in Zhejiang Province in June 2024 with a self-designed questionnaire on general information and a questionnaire on PVD nursing knowledge and attitude questionnaire,and multiple stepwise linear regression was used to analyze the impact factors.Results 452 valid questionnaires were collected and the valid recovery rate was 99.56％.Nurses scored(8.57±2.02)in knowledge dimension,(60.82±6.45)in attitude dimension.The results of multiple stepwise linear regression analysis showed that hospital grade was the factor influencing the score of nurses'knowledge towards PVD nursing in Zhejiang Province(P＜0.05).Hospital grade,whether they had received systematic knowledge training related to PVD were the factors influencing the score of nurses'attitude towards PVD nursing(P＜0.05).Conclusion Nurses in Zhejiang Province are positive about PVD nursing,but their knowledge level needs to be improved.Nursing managers should pay full attention to the training intention of clinical nurses,establish a PVD knowledge training system,and strengthen the theoretical and practical training of clinical nurses on PVD nursing,so as to promote the development of PVD nursing work.