Objective To investigate the microbial disinfection and sterilization effectiveness of an electron linear accelerator on the surface and interior of postal packages, and to design and conduct a penetrating radiation disinfection and sterilization experiment. Methods This experiment selected Bacillus pumilus E601 (ATCC 27142) as the indicator microbial strain for radiation. An experimental model of postal package was subjected to penetrating radiation with different dose gradients using high-energy electron beams generated by an S-band 10 MeV electron linear accelerator. The disinfection and sterilization effectiveness was assessed by culturing and counting B. pumilus after high-energy electron beam radiation treatment. A control group was established to analyze the influence of actual absorbed doses at different gradients on the disinfection and sterilization effectiveness of the electron linear accelerator. Results The actual absorbed doses of high-energy electron-beam radiation required to achieve 1-, 3-, and 6-log reductions of B. pumilus were 1.63, 5.07, and 10.22 kGy, respectively. Complete inactivation was achieved at an absorbed dose of 10.92 kGy, which met the processing requirements specified in the technical standard for ionizing-radiation disinfection. Conclusion The experimental data indicated that the actual absorbed dose for B. pumilus is linearly positively correlated with the log reduction of bacterial colonies killed by electron beam radiation. For disinfection and sterilization requirements in different scenarios, the required actual absorbed dose can be achieved by dynamically adjusting the operating speed of the under-beam transmission system.

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of a clustered outbreak of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome(SFTS)as well as the ecological tick monitoring results for Zibo City, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies. Methods A case definition was cited before epidemic investigations were performed. Epidemiological investigations were performed on the index cases and their close contacts. Blood samples were collected from cases and close contacts, and quantitative real-time RT-PCR was used to detect SFTS virus(SFTSV)nucleic acid sequences. A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze risk factors and develop prevention and control strategies. Results This clustered outbreak involved two index cases and six close contacts with no deaths. Case A exhibited symptom onset on July 26. SFTS was confirmed on August 2. Case B exhibited symptom onset on August 1, and SFTS was confirmed on August 3. Patient B reported a recent history of tick bites. In both index cases, the incubation period for SFTS was inferred to be 7-12 days. The time interval from symptom onset to clinical diagnosis in the two cases ranged from 2-8 days, with an average period of 5 days. SFTSV nucleic acid test result were positive for both patients, whereas all six close contacts tested negative. All captured ticks tested negative for SFTSV using quantitative real-time RT-PCR. The densities of parasitic and free-living ticks in the emergency monitoring area around the cases were 12.60 and 4.65 ticks/(flag·100 m). In 2024, the average parasitic tick index and free-living tick density index were 4.21 and 2.43 ticks/(flag ·100 m)in Yiyuan County, respectively. Conclusions No evidence of human-to-human transmission was found in the assessed SFTS clusters. The infections were likely acquired through tick bites during fieldwork, and the risk of a subsequent outbreak spreading was low.

In order to investigate the effects of Fuzi Lizhong Oral liquid on immune function and in-testinal health of chicks,185 1-day-old healthy chicks were randomly divided into 4 groups.The blank control group(CG group)was given normal tap water;the high,medium and low dose groups(FZH group,FZM group and FZL group)were given tap water containing 5.00,2.50 and 1.25 g/L of Fuzi Lizhong Oral liquid,respectively.Starting from the first day of age,the drug was administered continuously for 5 d,and the blood was collected from the subwing vein on the sixth day of the test.The results showed that compared with CG group,thymus index in FZH group was significantly increased(P＜0.05).Compared with CG group,serum IgM,IgG and sIgA in FZH group were significantly increased(P＜0.05),and serum IgG and sIgA in FZM group were signifi-cantly increased(P＜0.05).Compared with CG group,the relative expression of Occludin and Claudin-1 mRNA in FZH group was significantly increased(P＜0.05),and the relative expression of ZO-1 mRNA in FZM and FZH groups was significantly increased(P＜0.05).Compared with CG group,Shannon index of FZH group was significantly increased(P＜0.05),Simpson index of FZH group was significantly decreased(P＜0.05),and many beneficial bacteria such as Strepto-coccus spinosus,Eubacillus spinosus and Lactobacillus spinosus played a synergistic role.The results showed that adding 5.00 g/L Fuzi Lizhong Oral liquid in drinking water could improve the immunity of chicks,maintain the intestinal barrier function of chicks,increase the intestinal flora richness and promote the intestinal health of chicks.

A total of 300 1-day-old broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups with 5 replicates per group and 12 broilers per replicate.The control group was given free drinking water(CG),the astragalus polysaccharide control group(HPS)received 0.8 mL/L of astragalus polysaccharide o-ral liquid in drinking water,and the experimental groups(SBL,SBM,SBH)received 1.5,3.0,4.5 mL/,of Shenling Baizhu Oral Liquid in drinking water.The results showed as follows:com-pared to the CG group,SIgA content in HPS group,group SBM and group SBH was significantly increased(P＜0.05),IL-6 and IL-1β contents were significantly decreased(P＜0.05),Occludin,Mucin-2 and Bcl-2 contents were significantly increased(P＜0.05).The results of 16S rRNA test showed that the specific OUT number in groups HPS and SBM was significantly higher than that in group CG(P＜0.05),α diversity analysis showed that compared with group CG,Chao1 index and Simpson index of group HPS,group SBM and group SBH were significantly increased,and βdiversity analysis showed that there were significant differences in species composition between test group and blank control group(P＜0.05).The relative abundance analysis at the phylum level showed that the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroides in groups SBM and SBH was significantly higher than that in group CG(P＜0.05).The above results showed that Shenling Baizhu Oral Liquid could improve the intestinal health and enhance the resistance of broilers.

The study aims to investigate the effects of adding different proportions of Codonopsis radix compound crude extracts to the rabbit diet on growth performance,immune status,intesti-nal enzyme activity,structure,and microbial composition.A total of 96 5-week-old New Zealand White rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups,with 6 replicates per group.The control group(BC)was fed a basal diet,while the experimental groups(CM-H and CM-L)were fed a basal diet supplemented with 1 000 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg of Codonopsis radix compound crude extracts,re-spectively.The antibiotic group(CK)was fed a basal diet supplemented with 300 mg/kg of keto-tifen.The experimental period was 42 days.Blood samples were collected at days 21 and 42,and se-rum biochemical and immune markers were determined.Intestinal segments and contents were col-lected at day 42 for analysis of intestinal health.The results showed that compared with the BC group,the average daily gain,feed-to-gain ratio,and diarrhea rate were significantly higher(P＜0.05)in the CM-H and CM-L groups.The total cholesterol(Tchol)content in the serum was sig-nificantly lower in the CM-H group at day 21 and the CM-L group at day 42(P＜0.05).The high-density lipoprotein(HDL)was significantly higher in the CM-H and CM-L groups than in the CK group at day 42(P＜0.05),and the total protein(TP)in the serum was significantly higher in the CM-H and CM-L groups than in the BC group(P＜0.05).The IgG and IgM levels in the serum were significantly higher in the CM-H and CM-L groups than in the BC group(P＜0.05).In the CM-H and CM-L groups,the content of acetic acid in the colon was significantly higher than that in the BC group(P＜0.05).The content of propionic acid in the colon of the CM-L group was also significantly higher than that in the BC group(P＜0.05).The content of α-amylase in the duode-num,the content of trypsin in the duodenum,the pancreas,and the ileum of the CM-H group were significantly higher than those in the BC group(P＜0.05),and the content of trypsin in the duode-num of the CM-H group was significantly higher than those in the BC group and the CM-L group(P＜0.05).Compared with the BC group,the content of GPX1 in the ileum and jejunum of the CM-L group and the ileum of the CM-H group was significantly increased(P＜0.05),and the length of the villi in the duodenum of the CM-H group was significantly increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the BC group,the expression level of ZO-1 in the ileum of the CM-H group was significantly upregulated(P＜0.05),and the expression level of Claudin in the jejunum of the CM-H group and the CM-L group was significantly higher than that in the CK group(P＜0.05).The high-throughput sequencing results showed that the Sob index was significantly higher in the CM-L group compared to the BC group(P＜0.05).At the phylum level,the Firmicutes and Bacteroid-ota phyla were the main phyla.At the genus level,Akkermansia and Ruminococcus were the main genera.The relative abundance of Papillibacter and Eubacterium_ruminantium_group in the CM-L group was significantly higher than that in the CK group(P＜0.05).In summary,adding a Codonopsis radix compound crude extract to the diet can improve the growth performance,immu-nity,antioxidant capacity,integrity of intestinal mucosal structure,enzyme activity in the intestine,and increase the diversity of microorganisms in the blind intestine when the diet is supplemented with 500 mg/kg of Codonopsis radix compound crude extract.

Objective To explore the effects of the disinfection port position and diameter and disinfectant concentration on the in-situ decontamination of the flow field-based biosafety high efficiency particulate air filter device with the computational fluid dynamics(CFD)method.Methods ANSYS DesignModeler was used to construct five models for the high efficiency particulate air filter device with the disinfection port at the side end in four ones and upper end in the remained one model,with the diameter being 70,100,150,260 and 260 mm respectively;secondly,a standard k-ε turbulence model was applied to simulating the velocity field and concentration field inside the high efficiency particulate air filter device,so as to analyze the influence of the vortex position inside the device and the structure of the device on the disinfection effect and to determine the optimal structure of the device;finally,H2O2 with the concentration of 0.45,0.35 or 0.30 mol/L was selected as the disinectant to investigate the effect of the disinfectant concentration on the disinfection under the optimal device structure.Results Simulation showed that there were vortexes existed the cavity between the filter compression structure and the filter of the high efficiency particulate air filter device.The disinfection effect in case of the disinfection port at the side end was higher than that in case of the disinfection port at the upper end;the diameter of the disinfection port had influences on the disinfection effect,and high-concentration disinfectant was found in the device when the diameter was 100 mm.The optimal structure with the disinfection port at the side end and the diameter of 100 mm was determined for the high efficiency particulate air filter device.An increase in H2O2 concentration was beneficial to improve disinfection without corroding and damaging the device when the in-situ decontamination of the flow field-based biosafety high efficiency particulate air filter device was carried out.Conclusion The characteristics of the internal flow field of the flow field-based biosafety high efficiency particulate air filter device and the influencing factors of the in-situ disinfection effect are revealed,and theoretical references are provided for the optimal design of the device.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(9):22-27]

Five meroterpenoids, rhodonoids K-M (1-2), daurichromene E (3), and grifolins A-B (4-5), together with seven known compounds (6-12), were isolated from Rhododendron anthopogonoides. The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated through comprehensive analysis of high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS), ultraviolet (UV), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data. Their absolute configurations were determined by comparing experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra with computed values. Notably, compounds 1 and 3 demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells. These compounds markedly suppressed the mRNA expressions of inflammatory factors, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) while also down-regulating the protein expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2).
Mice ; Rhododendron/chemistry* ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents/isolation & purification* ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Terpenes/isolation & purification* ; Molecular Structure ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/immunology* ; Cyclooxygenase 2/immunology* ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/immunology* ; Macrophages/immunology* ; Interleukin-6/immunology* ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Interleukin-1beta/immunology*

Objective To analyze the expression differences in immune cells and cytokines in advanced ovarian cancer with different homologous recombination deficiency(HRD)statuses,and provide insights for novel therapeutic strategies.Methods A total of 68 patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics(FIGO)stageⅢ-Ⅳ epithelial ovarian cancer,who were treated at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,Ruijin Hospital,Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from Jan.2018 to Jan.2023,were enrolled.Based on genetic testing results,patients were stratified into HRD-positive(n=30)and HRD-negative(n=38)groups.Baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes were compared.The expression levels of CD4,CD8 and CD25 in ovarian cancer tissues of the 2 groups were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining.The proportions of CD4+T cells,CD8+T cells,and CD4+CD25+regulatory T cells(Treg cells)and CD4+/CD8+ratio in blood were analyzed by flow cytometry.The serum levels of interferon-γ(IFN-γ),interleukin(IL)-2,IL-6 and IL-10 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results There were no significant differences in age,course of disease,family history,initial treatment,tumor FIGO stage,or tumor differentiation degree between the HRD-positive group and HRD-negative group(all P＞0.05).In terms of clinical efficacy,the objective remission rate and disease control rate of patients in the HRD-positive group were significantly higher than those in the HRD-negative group(both P＜0.05).Compared with the HRD-negative group,the expression levels of CD4,CD8,and CD25 in tumor tissues of patients were all increased in the HRD-positive group(all P＜0.05),the proportions of CD4+T cells,CD8+T cells,and CD4+CD25+Treg cells in blood were all increased(all P＜0.05),the CD4+/CD8+ratio in blood was increased(P＜0.05),the serum levels of IL-2,IL-6,and IL-10 were all increased(all P＜0.05),while the serum level of IFN-γ had no significant difference between the 2 groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion HRD-positive ovarian cancer displays enhanced tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and immunomodulatory cytokine secretion compared to HRD-negative cases,suggesting greater sensitivity to immunotherapy and better prognosis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the possible mechanism of Shufeng Jiedu capsules （SFJD） in alleviating influenza A （H1N1） virus pneumonia and focus on its effect on Toll-like receptor （TLR） signaling pathway in respiratory epithelial cells. MethodsA mouse model of viral pneumonia was established via the A/PR/8/34 （PR8） strain of influenza A virus. Mice were randomly divided into a normal group， a PR8 infection （PR8） group， and an SFJD group （8.4 g·kg^-1）， with 10 mice in each group. The day of infection was designated as day 1. The SFJD group was administered intragastrically at a volume of 20 mL·kg^-1 daily， while the normal and PR8 groups were given an equal volume of deionized water. Micro-computed tomography （Micro-CT） was performed on day 5， and the mice were dissected to collect their lungs， after which the lung index was calculated to verify the therapeutic effect of SFJD. Single-cell sequencing was used to analyze the differentially expressed genes in respiratory epithelial cells. Multiplex fluorescence immunohistochemistry was employed to detect the expression of TLR， tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 （TRAF6）， and myeloid differentiation factor 88 （MyD88） proteins in epithelial cell adhesion molecule （EpCAM）-positive cells， and the proportion of respiratory epithelial cells expressing TLR pathway proteins was calculated. Respiratory epithelial cells were then sorted by flow cytometry， and Western blot was used to detect the expression of TLR， MyD88， TRAF6， Toll-interleukin receptor domain-containing adaptor inducing interferon-β （TRIF）， inhibitor of κB kinase α （IKKα）， and nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） in the sorted epithelial cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to measure the levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β） and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in lung tissue. ResultsAt the transcriptional level， SFJD reversed the expression of TLR signaling pathway genes in respiratory epithelial cells， downregulating multiple TLR signaling pathway-related genes （P<0.01）. At the protein level， SFJD significantly reduced the proportion of respiratory epithelial cells expressing TLR3 （P<0.05）， the expression levels of TLR2， TLR3， TLR4， TRIF， TRAF6， IKKα， and NF-κB in epithelial cells（P<0.05， P<0.01）， as well as the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α in lung tissue （P<0.01）. ConclusionSFJD may alleviate viral pneumonia by suppressing the expression of TLR in respiratory epithelial cells and their subsequent signaling cascades.