Background: Bone mineral density (BMD) is a key indicator reflecting bone strength and resistance to fracture. It is influenced by multiple factors, including age, sex, genetic background, body composition, nutrition, and physical activity. During young adulthood, peak bone mass is actively formed; therefore, identifying early variations in this period is essential for predicting future skeletal health risks. Accordingly, assessing BMD and evaluating its relationship with physical characteristics among first-year nursing students provides a scientific rationale for this study. Aim: To examine the relationship between bone mineral density and selected physical parameters among students. Materials and Methods: A total of 297 first-year students aged 17-35 years from the School of Nursing, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences were included. Bone mineral density was assessed by measuring the speed of sound through the radius using an ultrasound bone densitometry device. Handgrip strength was measured using an electronic dynamometer. Physical parameters including age, sex, height, and body weight were measured using standardized procedures, and statistical analysis was performed. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of MNUMS on November 21, 2025 (No. 26/1) and March 28, 2026 (No. 26/03-B02), with no ethical violations identified. Results: According to T-scores, 37.1% (n=110) of participants had normal bone status and 62.9% (n=187) showed reduced bone density. Based on Z-scores, 52.5% (n=159) were normal, while 45.6% (n=138) had decreased values. T-score values were 1.87±0.69 (<20 years), 1.44±0.55 (20–30 years), and 1.10±0.31 (>30 years), while Z-score values were −0.73±1.38, −0.43±1.23, and −0.02±1.27, respectively. ANOVA analysis revealed statistically significant differences among age groups (p<0.01). A positive correlation was observed between T-score and age, whereas no significant correlations were found with other physical parameters. Z-score showed a positive correlation with handgrip strength. Conclusions 1. A high prevalence of reduced bone mineral density was observed among the students, which may be associated with incomplete attainment of peak bone mass in adolescents and young adults. 2. A significant difference in bone mineral density was found between age groups (p<0.01), indicating that age is an important factor influencing bone mineral density.

AIMAim of this study was to evaluate Predicted 4 and 10-years risk of major CVD of DMpatients.METHODSCross-sectional study included 80 (40 male and 40 female) DM patients with meanage 66.32 ±7.94 years old. Predicted 4-year risk of major CVD was calculated by usingADVANCE Risk Engine of the George Institute for Global Health, Australia. Ten parameters(age at diagnosed diabetes, duration of diabetes, sex, atrial fibrillation, retinopathy,HbA1C, pulse pressure, treated hypertension, albuminuria and Non HDL-cholesterol)were used for risk calculation. Predicted 10-year risk of major CVD was calculated byusing WHO/ISH risk prediction chartrs Parameters (age, sex, systolic blood pressure, totalcholesterol, smoking) were used for risk calculation.RESULTSOur study relieved that average of diagnosis diabetes was 54.98±9.37 years oldand mean diabetes duration was 11.35±7.46 years. DM patient with atrial fibrillation,retinopathy and treated hypertension were 0(0%), 20(16%) and 77.5(62%). Mean HbA1C,microalbuminuria and Non HDL cholesterol were 7.74±1.5%, 49.99±94.02 mg/l and3.61±1.08 mmol/l. DM patients with <10%, 11-20% and >20% Predicted 4-year riskof major CVD were 64( 80%), 12 (15%) and 4(5.0%). Age (p<0.042), age at diagnoseddiabetes (p=0.013), duration of diabetes (p=0.045), total cholesterol (p<0.027)Microalbuminuria (p<0.001) and retinopathy (p=0.028) were risks for Predicted 4-yearrisk of major CVD.DM patients with <10%, 11-20%, 20-30%, >30% Predicted 10-year risk of major CVDwere 44 (55%), 20 (25%), 6 (7.5.0%) and 10 (12.5%). Age (p=0.008), total cholesterol(p=0.001), systolic blood pressure (p=0.001) and treated hypertension (p=0.023) wererisks for Predicted 10-year risk of major CVD.CONCLUSIONSAmong the diabetic patients 80% have a low, 15% have a moderate and 5.0%have a high Predicted 4-year risk of major CVD. Age (p<0.042), age at diagnoseddiabetes (p=0.013), , duration of diabetes (p=0.045), total cholesterol (p<0.027)Microalbuminuria (p<0.001) and retinopathy (p=0.028) were risks for Predicted 4-yearrisk of major CVD. Among the diabetic patients 55% have a low, 25% have a moderate,7.5% have a high and 12.5% have a very high Predicted 10-year risk of major CVD. Age(p=0.008), total cholesterol (p=0.00, systolic blood pressure (p=0.001) and treatedhypertension (p=0.023) were risks for Predicted 10-year risk of major CVD.