Suhuang Zhike Capsules are widely used in clinical practice for the treatment of respiratory diseases and have been included in Medicine Catalogue for National Basic Medical Insurance, Work Injury Insurance, and Maternity Insurance and National Essential Medicines List. However, problems remain, such as unclear definitions of treatment courses and unidentified contraindications for certain populations. Therefore, this consensus was developed collaboratively by clinical experts in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) related to pulmonary diseases, respiratory, and critical care medicine, as well as methodology and pharmacy experts, adhering strictly to the consensus development procedures established by the China Association of Chinese Medicine for clinical application of Chinese patent medicines, with the aim to guide the correct clinical use of Suhuang Zhike Capsules for the treatment of cough variant asthma, post-infectious cough, and other respiratory diseases. This consensus employed questionnaire surveys and expert interviews to identify clinical concerns based on the PICOS principle and conduct evidence evaluation and GRADE grading. Utilizing nominal group techniques and GRADE networking methods, it resulted in 17 recommendations and consensus suggestions. The consensus further clarifies the indications, TCM syndromes, usage, and clinical safety of Suhuang Zhike Capsules in the treatment of cough variant asthma and post-infectious cough, aiming to promote standardized medication use and facilitate the rational clinical application of Suhuang Zhike Capsules.
Humans ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Consensus ; Capsules ; Respiratory Tract Diseases/drug therapy* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

A growing global trend indicates a decline in semen quality, with a lack of physical activity identified as one of the contributing factors. Exercise is medication, and numerous studies have explored its effects on semen quality. However, there is no consensus on the most effective type and intensity of exercise for improving semen quality, owing to inconsistent findings across studies. These discrepancies may be attributable to variations in study populations ( e.g. , healthy versus infertile individuals) and research methodologies ( e.g., observational versus interventional studies). This paper reviews the existing literature from the databases PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, reclassifying articles on their subject and research designs to delineate the relationship between exercise and semen quality. It also summarizes the mechanisms through which exercise influences semen quality, including hormonal regulation, oxidative stress, and inflammatory factors.
Humans ; Semen Analysis ; Male ; Exercise/physiology* ; Oxidative Stress/physiology* ; Infertility, Male/physiopathology* ; Sperm Motility/physiology*

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect and safety of Chinese medicine (CM) Fuzheng Huazhuo Decoction (FHD) in treating patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) who persistently tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). METHODS: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at Shanghai New International Expo Center shelter hospital in China between April 1 and May 30, 2022. Patients diagnosed as COVID-19 with persistently positive SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test results for ⩾8 days after diagnosis were enrolled. Patients in the control group received conventional Western medicine (WM) treatment, while those in the FHD group received conventional WM plus FHD for at least 3 days. The primary outcome was viral clearance time. Secondary outcomes included negative conversion rate within 14 days, length of hospital stay, cycle threshold (Ct) values of the open reading frame 1ab (ORF1ab) and nucleocapsid protein (N) genes, and incidence of new-onset symptoms during hospitalization. Adverse events (AEs) that occurred during the study period were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 1,765 eligible patients were enrolled in this study (546 in the FHD group and 1,219 in the control group). Compared with the control group, patients receiving FHD treatment showed shorter viral clearance time for nucleic acids [hazard ratio (HR): 1.500, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.353-1.664, P<0.001] and hospital stays (HR: 1.371, 95% CI: 1.238-1.519, P<0.001), and a higher negative conversion rate within 14 days (96.2% vs. 82.6%, P<0.001). The incidence of new-onset symptoms was 59.5% in the FHD group, similar to 57.8% in the control group (P>0.05). The Ct values of ORF1ab and N genes increased more rapidly over time in the FHD group than those in the control group post-randomization (ORF1ab gene: β =0.436±0.053, P<0.001; N gene: β =0.415 ±0.053, P<0.001). The incidence of AEs in the FHD group was lower than that in the control group (24.2% vs. 35.4%, P<0.001). No serious AEs were observed. CONCLUSION FHD was effective and safe for patients with persistently positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests. (Registration No. ChiCTR2200063956).
Humans ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/adverse effects* ; Retrospective Studies ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects* ; COVID-19/virology* ; Adult ; Aged ; Treatment Outcome

Sigma-1 receptor (σ ₁R) has become a focus point of drug discovery for central nervous system (CNS) diseases. A series of novel 1-phenylethan-1-one O-(2-aminoethyl) oxime derivatives were synthesized. In vitro biological evaluation led to the identification of 1a, 14a, 15d and 16d as the most high-affinity (K _i < 4 nmol/L) and selective σ ₁R agonists. Among these, 15d, the most metabolically stable derivative exhibited high selectivity for σ ₁R in relation to σ ₂R and 52 other human targets. In addition to low CYP450 inhibition and induction, 15d also exhibited high brain permeability and excellent oral bioavailability. Importantly, 15d demonstrated effective antipsychotic potency, particularly for alleviating negative symptoms and improving cognitive impairment in experimental animal models, both of which are major challenges for schizophrenia treatment. Moreover, 15d produced no significant extrapyramidal symptoms, exhibiting superior pharmacological profiles in relation to current antipsychotic drugs. Mechanistically, 15d inhibited GSK3β and enhanced prefrontal BDNF expression and excitatory synaptic transmission in pyramidal neurons. Collectively, these in vivo proof-of-concept findings provide substantial experimental evidence to demonstrate that modulating σ ₁R represents a potential new therapeutic approach for schizophrenia. The novel chemical entity along with its favorable drug-like and pharmacological profile of 15d renders it a promising candidate for treating schizophrenia.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the independent and combined effects of air pollutants, meteorological factors, and greenspace exposure on new tuberculosis (TB) cases. METHODS: TB case data from Shanghai (2013-2018) were obtained from the Shanghai Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Environmental data on air pollutants, meteorological variables, and greenspace exposure were obtained from the National Tibetan Plateau Data Center. We employed a distributed-lag nonlinear model to assess the effects of these environmental factors on TB cases. RESULTS: Increased TB risk was linked to PM _2.5, PM ₁₀, and rainfall, whereas NO ₂, SO ₂, and air pressure were associated with a reduced risk. Specifically, the strongest cumulative effects occurred at various lags: PM _2.5 ( RR = 1.166, 95% CI: 1.026-1.325) at 0-19 weeks; PM ₁₀ ( RR = 1.167, 95% CI: 1.028-1.324) at 0-18 weeks; NO ₂ ( RR = 0.968, 95% CI: 0.938-0.999) at 0-1 weeks; SO ₂ ( RR = 0.945, 95% CI: 0.894-0.999) at 0-2 weeks; air pressure ( RR = 0.604, 95% CI: 0.447-0.816) at 0-8 weeks; and rainfall ( RR = 1.404, 95% CI: 1.076-1.833) at 0-22 weeks. Green space exposure did not significantly impact TB cases. Additionally, low temperatures amplified the effect of PM _2.5 on TB. CONCLUSION Exposure to PM _2.5, PM ₁₀, and rainfall increased the risk of TB, highlighting the need to address air pollutants for the prevention of TB in Shanghai.
China/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Air Pollutants/analysis* ; Tuberculosis/epidemiology* ; Incidence ; Meteorological Concepts ; Particulate Matter/adverse effects* ; Environmental Exposure ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Air Pollution ; Middle Aged

Objective:To explore therapeutic effect of sacubitril valsartan sodium combined with Wenxin granule in the treatment of hypertension complicated with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation(AF)and its effect on cardiac electro-physiological structure.Methods:A total of 116 patients with hypertension and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation treated in our hospital from Oct 2021 to Nov 2022 were consecutively selected.According to random number table,they were divided into Wenxin granule group(received Wenxin granule treatment based on routine antihypertensive ther-apy)and combined treatment group(received sacubitril valsartan sodium combined Wenxin granule therapy based on routine antihypertensive therapy)with 58 cases in each group,and both groups were consecutively treated for six months.Clinical symptom score,AF burden,P wave duration,P wave dispersion,left atrial diameter(LAD),left ventricular end-diastolic diameter(LVEDd)and left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)were compared between two groups before and after treatment.Results:After treatment,compared with Wenxin granule group,there were significant reductions in clinical symptom score[(1.66±0.69)scores vs.(1.40±0.53)scores],AF burden[4.43(1.65)％vs.1.62(3.50)％],P wave duration[(112.17±6.46)ms vs.(109.29±8.59)ms],P wave dispersion[(32.47±8.11)ms vs.(29.02±7.49)ms]and LAD[(34.83±3.41)mm vs.(33.40±3.74)mm]in combined treatment group(P＜0.05 or＜0.01).There were no significant difference in LVEDd and LVEF between two groups,P＞0.05 both.Conclusion:Sacubitril valsartan sodium combined with Wenxin granule can significantly im-prove clinical symptoms and atrial fibrillation burden,reduce the susceptibility to atrial fibrillation,and inhibit atrial electrical remodeling and structural remodeling in patients with hypertension complicated with paroxysmal atrial fi-brillation.

Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation combined with umbilical cord blood infusion for the treatment of aplastic anaemia in children.Methods:Nine cases of children with aplastic anaemia treated with umbilical cord blood combined with haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation at the People's Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine from January 1,2021 to September 15,2023 with a median age of 11(2-13)years and a median follow up of 18(7.5-21)months were included,and the clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.Hematopoiesis reconstitution,the incidence of graft-versus-host disease(GVHD),infections and survival of the patients were analyzed.Results:All 9 children were successfully implanted.The median time to neutrophil and platelet implantation was 11.11±1.27 d and 12.44±3.36 d,respectively.One case developed acute gastrointestinal GVHD of degree I,which was improved after treatment,and the patient developed superficial gastritis and chronic gastrointestinal GVHD at a later stage,which is currently under clinical follow-up.Acute GVHD of Ⅱ-Ⅳ degree was 0％.Hemorrhagic cystitis in 3 cases,CMV infection in 5 cases and bacterial and fungal infections in 5 cases improved with symptomatic treatment.All 9 children demonstrated complete donor chimerism within 1 month after transplantation,at two years of follow-up,all nine children survived without recurrence or development of grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ GVHD,and there were no children with transplant-related deaths.Conclusion:Haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation combined with umbilical cord blood transfusion for aplastic anaemia in children has a low incidence and mild degree of GVHD,with significant efficacy,and can be used as a therapeutic option for children without an HLA full donor chimeric match.

Aim To investigate the protective effect of fisetin on testis and sperm of rats with oligoasthenosper-mia and to explore its mechanism.Methods The rat model of oligoasthenospermia was established.The rats were randomly divided into the blank group,model group,low-,medium-,and high-dose fisetin treat-ment groups,and LKB1 agonist group,with 10 rats in each group.ELISA was used to detect the levels of FSH,LH,T,E2 and PRL.Flow cytometry was used to detect sperm cell apoptosis.HE staining was used to detect testicular tissue damage.Transmission electron microscopy was used to detect the ultrastructure of sperm cells.qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of LKB1,AMPK,mTOR,and p70S6K.Results Compared with the blank group,the levels of FSH,LH,PRL,T and other hormones in the model group and LKB1 ago-nist group were significantly reduced,and sperm cell apoptosis and testicular injury were severe.The ex-pressions of LKB1 and p-AMPK/AMPK were signifi-cantly up-regulated,while the expressions of mTOR and p-p70S6K/p70S6K were significantly down-regula-ted(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,af-ter different doses of fisetin treatment,the number of apoptotic sperm cells was significantly reduced,the levels of FSH,LH,PRL,T and other hormones markedly increased,the expression of LKB1 and p-AMPK/AMPK was significantly down-regulated,and the expression of mTOR and p-p70S6K/p70S6K was evidently up-regulated(P＜0.05).Conclusion Fi-setin is effective in the treatment of oligoasthenospermia rats,which may be related to LKB1-AMPK-mTOR-p70S6K signaling pathway.

Objective:To explore the potential causal relationship between gut microbiota and teratozoospermia.Methods:We searched the database of Genome-Wide Association Study(GWAS)for gut microbiota-and teratozoospermia-related data.We used gut microbiota as an exposure factor,determined the instrumental variables according to the GWAS data on 18 340 participants released by the MiBioGen Alliance,and derived the outcome variables from the European data on teratozoospermia,with a sample size of 85 716,including 915 cases and 209 006 controls.Using inverse-variance weighting(IVW),MR-Egger regression and the weighted median estimator(WME),we performed two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis on the retrieved data,and estimated the causal relationship between gut microbiota and teratozoospermia based on the β value.Results:Two-sample MR analysis indicated that the class Erysipelotrichia,family Erysipelotrichaceae,family Streptococcaceae,genus Coprococcusl,genus Ruminococcaceae UCG009,genus Streptococcus,order Clostridialesm and order Erysipelotrichales were causally related with the increased risk,while the family Porphyromonadaceae with the decreased risk of teratozoospermia.Conclusion:The class Erysipelotrichia,family Erysipe-lotrichaceae,family Streptococcaceae,genus Coprococcusl,genus Ruminococcaceae UCG009,genus Streptococcus,order Clostridia-lesm and order Erysipelotrichales are one of the causes of teratozoospermia,related to the increased risk of the condition,while the family Porphyromonadaceae has a protective effect on sperm morphology,reducing the risk of teratozoospermia.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)in the treatment of male im-mune infertility(MII)by meta-analysis.Methods:We retrieved randomized controlled trial(RCT)on the treatment of male im-mune infertility with traditional Chinese medicine from the databases of WanFang,Chinese Biomedical Literature,Cochrane Library,Weipu,PubMed and CNKI,and performed methodological quality assessment of the RCTs identified and statistical analysis and evalua-tion of the publication bias using the RevMan5.4 software.Results:Totally,25 RCTs(2 563 cases)were included in this study.Compared with Western medicine alone in the treatment of MII,TCM achieved a significantly higher total effectiveness rate(OR=6.35,95% CI:4.96-8.13,P<0.000 01),negative conversion rate of seminal plasma anti-sperm antibodies(OR=4.52,95% CI:2.72-7.51,P<0.000 01),negative rate of serum anti-sperm antibodies(OR=2.98,95% CI:2.23-3.96,P<0.000 01),sperm concentration(MD=15.56,95% CI:11.32-19.79,P<0.000 01),grade a sperm motility(MD=3.85,95% CI:1.91-5.79,P=0.000 01),grade a+b sperm motility(MD=13.77,95% CI:7.06-20.48,P<0.000 1),sperm viability(MD=10.32,95% CI:6.78-13.86,P<0.000 01)and pregnancy rate(OR=3.53,95% CI:2.68-4.63,P<0.000 01),but a lower rate of adverse reactions(OR=0.06,95% CI:0.01-0.23,P<0.000 01).There was no statistically significant difference in the percentage of morphologically abnormal sperm between TCM and Western medicine alone in the treatment of MII(MD=-7.53,95% CI:-15.50-0.44,P=0.06).Conclusion:TCM has a definite effectiveness and high safe in the treatment of male immune infertility.