With the intensification of aging in China, geriatric health issues have become increasingly prominent.Geriatric medicine, as a pivotal discipline for enhancing the health of the elderly, is confronted with challenges such as an incomplete disciplinary system and a shortage of talents.This paper emphasizes the interdisciplinary, comprehensive, and social characteristics of geriatric medicine, and proposes strategies such as enhancing the level of disease diagnosis and treatment, advocating multidisciplinary team-based diagnosis and treatment, and improving rehabilitation and long-term care systems.Simultaneously, it calls for attention to disciplinary management and innovation, refining talent cultivation and incentive mechanisms, establishing quality control systems, and advancing information technology construction.Furthermore, it is necessary to perfect the educational system, strengthen scientific research exploration, and foster international cooperation to construct a new developmental paradigm for geriatric medicine with systematic thinking, thereby achieving the goal of healthy aging.

With the intensification of aging in China, geriatric health issues have become increasingly prominent.Geriatric medicine, as a pivotal discipline for enhancing the health of the elderly, is confronted with challenges such as an incomplete disciplinary system and a shortage of talents.This paper emphasizes the interdisciplinary, comprehensive, and social characteristics of geriatric medicine, and proposes strategies such as enhancing the level of disease diagnosis and treatment, advocating multidisciplinary team-based diagnosis and treatment, and improving rehabilitation and long-term care systems.Simultaneously, it calls for attention to disciplinary management and innovation, refining talent cultivation and incentive mechanisms, establishing quality control systems, and advancing information technology construction.Furthermore, it is necessary to perfect the educational system, strengthen scientific research exploration, and foster international cooperation to construct a new developmental paradigm for geriatric medicine with systematic thinking, thereby achieving the goal of healthy aging.

Objective:To examines the social health status and influencing factors affecting the elderly population in urban communities of Beijing, based on the "the Standard for Healthy Chinese Older Adults(2022)" .Methods:Using the stratified sampling method, a total of 159 elderly individuals aged 60 and above from the Lanyuan community in the Malianwa street jurisdiction of Haidian district, Beijing, were selected as research subjects.The average age of the participants was(70.7±7.9)years, comprising 74 males and 85 females.Household face-to-face interviews were conducted, utilizing self-compiled questionnaires to perform a comprehensive assessment and analysis of the social health status of the elderly.Results:In the study involving community-based elderly participants, 32.1%(51 cases)were classified as healthy.The analysis revealed statistically significant differences in the social health status among various age groups of the elderly( χ2=11.802, P=0.019), with a notable downward trend in social health status as age increases( χ2=9.626, P=0.002).Furthermore, the results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that educational level( OR=2.119, 95% CI: 1.044-4.031, P=0.038)and chronic disease status( OR=5.007, 95% CI: 1.083-23.140, P=0.039)are significant influencing factors on the social health status of older adults. Conclusions:The social health status of the elderly in urban communities in Beijing is generally low and deteriorates progressively with age.Both educational attainment and chronic disease prevalence significantly influence the social health of this demographic.For elderly individuals with lower educational levels and poor chronic disease management, it is essential to conduct social health assessments and implement targeted intervention strategies to enhance their overall social health.

Objective:To evaluate the health status of elderly individuals by examining physical, psychological, and social health, as well as analyzing the risk factors that affect these dimensions of health among community-dwelling residents.Methods:Utilizing whole group sampling, a total of 404 elderly individuals from the Meiyuan community, located under the jurisdiction of Malianwa Street in Haidian District, Beijing, were selected for this study.The status of physical health, mental health, social health and overall health in the elderly were evaluated by a self-made questionnaire.The influencing factors of health status in all dimensions were analyzed by Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression.Results:The overall health rate among elderly community-dwelling residents in the study was 21.3%(86 cases), while the rates for physical health, mental health, and social health were 66.8%(270 cases), 86.6%(350 cases), and 24.3%(98 cases), respectively.Marital status( OR=2.872, 95% CI: 1.462-5.641), residential status( OR=4.819, 95% CI: 1.294-17.952), cognitive function( OR=3.833, 95% CI: 1.899-7.734), health literacy( OR=0.455, 95% CI: 0.226-0.916), social participation( OR=1.642, 95% CI: 1.192-2.263), social adaptation( OR=1.716, 95% CI: 1.125-2.618), and social network( OR=1.727, 95% CI: 1.147-2.598)were identified as influencing factors for physical health in the elderly(all P<0.05).Factors affecting mental health included instrumental activities of daily living( OR=3.248, 95% CI: 1.997-5.282)and health risk factors( OR=2.475, 95% CI: 1.315-4.656)(all P<0.05).For social health, the influencing factors were residence status( OR=3.158, 95% CI: 1.280-7.794), sleep status( OR=1.801, 95% CI: 1.101-2.947), instrumental activities of daily living( OR=2.966, 95% CI: 1.374-6.405), and life satisfaction( OR=2.362, 95% CI: 1.140-4.893)(all P<0.05).Additionally, education( OR=0.588, 95% CI: 0.360-0.962)and home care services( OR=2.272, 95% CI: 1.278-4.039)were found to affect the overall health of the elderly(all P<0.05). Conclusions:In this study, the overall health rate among community-dwelling elderly residents is reported to be 21.3%.Health status in this population gradually deteriorates with advancing age.Numerous factors influence the multidimensional health of the elderly, with education level and caregiving status identified as significant determinants of their overall health.

Objective:To evaluate the health status of elderly individuals by examining physical, psychological, and social health, as well as analyzing the risk factors that affect these dimensions of health among community-dwelling residents.Methods:Utilizing whole group sampling, a total of 404 elderly individuals from the Meiyuan community, located under the jurisdiction of Malianwa Street in Haidian District, Beijing, were selected for this study.The status of physical health, mental health, social health and overall health in the elderly were evaluated by a self-made questionnaire.The influencing factors of health status in all dimensions were analyzed by Chi-square test and multiple logistic regression.Results:The overall health rate among elderly community-dwelling residents in the study was 21.3%(86 cases), while the rates for physical health, mental health, and social health were 66.8%(270 cases), 86.6%(350 cases), and 24.3%(98 cases), respectively.Marital status( OR=2.872, 95% CI: 1.462-5.641), residential status( OR=4.819, 95% CI: 1.294-17.952), cognitive function( OR=3.833, 95% CI: 1.899-7.734), health literacy( OR=0.455, 95% CI: 0.226-0.916), social participation( OR=1.642, 95% CI: 1.192-2.263), social adaptation( OR=1.716, 95% CI: 1.125-2.618), and social network( OR=1.727, 95% CI: 1.147-2.598)were identified as influencing factors for physical health in the elderly(all P<0.05).Factors affecting mental health included instrumental activities of daily living( OR=3.248, 95% CI: 1.997-5.282)and health risk factors( OR=2.475, 95% CI: 1.315-4.656)(all P<0.05).For social health, the influencing factors were residence status( OR=3.158, 95% CI: 1.280-7.794), sleep status( OR=1.801, 95% CI: 1.101-2.947), instrumental activities of daily living( OR=2.966, 95% CI: 1.374-6.405), and life satisfaction( OR=2.362, 95% CI: 1.140-4.893)(all P<0.05).Additionally, education( OR=0.588, 95% CI: 0.360-0.962)and home care services( OR=2.272, 95% CI: 1.278-4.039)were found to affect the overall health of the elderly(all P<0.05). Conclusions:In this study, the overall health rate among community-dwelling elderly residents is reported to be 21.3%.Health status in this population gradually deteriorates with advancing age.Numerous factors influence the multidimensional health of the elderly, with education level and caregiving status identified as significant determinants of their overall health.

Objective:To evaluate and analyze the health status of the elderly from physical health, mental health and social health, so as to understand the health status and health service needs of rural elderly.Methods:A total of 263 elderly people aged 60 years and over(mean aged 70.9±7.9 years, 113 males and 150 females, 125 aged 60-69 years, 98 aged 70-79 years and 40 aged 80 years and over)in Nanwangkong Village, Shaozhuang Town, Qingzhou City, Weifang City, Shandong Province were selected by cluster sampling method.The physical, mental, social and overall health status of the elderly were comprehensively evaluated and analyzed by self-designed questionnaire.Results:The overall health rate was 30%(79 cases), and the physical health, mental health and social health rates were 73.8%(194 cases), 84.0%(221 cases)and 34.6%(91 cases), respectively, in rural elderly in this area.The physical health was better in males than in females in 80~ years old groups( χ2=5.736, P<0.05). The overall health was better in males than in females in the total age group and the 60~69 years old groups( χ2=7.468 and 11.116, both P<0.01). The proportions of unhealthy, basic healthy and healthy people in the overall and the dimensions of physical health, mental health and social health had significant differences in the 60~69, 70~79 and 80~ years old groups( χ2=40.590, 29.342, 18.503 and 27.615, all P<0.01), and the Chi-square test for trend showed that there was a statistically significant downward trend of overall health grade distribution with age( χ2=21.994, 12.831, 16.570 and 22.595, both P<0.01). Conclusions:In this study, 30.0% of the rural elderly were considered healthy, 48.3% were basically healthy, and 21.7% were unhealthy.The health status of the elderly gradually deteriorates with age.The government should strengthen the multidimensional health assessment of the rural elderly and provide the comprehensive health guidance services and targeted interventions for the elderly in terms of disease control, psychological counseling and social participation.

Objective:To evaluate and analyze the health status of elderly people from the physical, psychological and social aspects using the Health Criteria for Older Adults in China(2022), and to understand the impact of social demographic characteristics on the overall health status of the elderly.Methods:159 elderly people aged 60 years and over in the Lanyuan community of Malianwa Subdistrict, Haidian District, Beijing were selected by the stratified sampling method, with a mean age of(70.7±7.9)years, including 74 men and 85 women.The physical, psychological, social and overall health status of the elderly were comprehensively evaluated and analyzed from data collected through a self-designed questionnaire with face-to-face interviews at respondents' homes.Results:The percentage of participants in this community who were considered overall healthy was 30.2%(n=48). The proportions of those meeting the criteria for physical, mental and social health were 79.2%(n=126), 90.6%(n=144)and 32.1%(n=51), respectively.For participants of 3 age groups(60-69, n=89; 70-79, n=44; ≥80, n=26), differences in percentages of people who were considered not healthy, largely healthy and healthy, measured using the overall, physical, mental and social health criteria, were statistically significant( χ2=24.683, 57.096, 12.801, 11.802, all P<0.05), and results of the χ2test for trend showed that the frequency distribution of people with overall, physical, mental and social health decreased with age( χ2=16.878, 31.600, 9.626, 9.626, all P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that education level( OR=2.142, 95% CI: 1.053-4.538, P=0.035)was an influencing factor for overall health status of the elderly. Conclusions:The overall health status of community-dwelling elderly people in Beijing is relatively poor and deteriorates with age.Education level is a factor affecting their health status.Health assessment for the elderly should be strongly advocated, and targeted health education should be provided for the elderly in disease prevention and mental health care.

Objective:To develop a set of indexes for the assessment of healthy older adults in China, in order to provide a reference and basis for developing aging-related national policies, standardizing and guiding health management services for the elderly.Methods:A set of indexes for the assessment of healthy older adults in China was established based on a literature review, expert discussions, 2 rounds of Delphi surveys, expert consultations and a cross-sectional study assessing the indexes.Results:The positive coefficients for 2 rounds of expert consultations were 86.25%(69/80)and 94.52%(69/73), respectively.All surveyed experts(100%)specialized in the area of geriatric health and came from 22 provincial-level administrative regions in China.In the two rounds of consultations, the familiarity degree coefficients were 0.706-0.915 and 0.835-0.922, and the authority coefficients were 0.762-0.921 and 0.863-0.932, respectively.The mean importance scores of each index were 6.10-9.74 scores and 7.87-9.56 scores, with perfect score rates of 43%-99% and 75%-99%, respectively.The mean coefficients of variation(CV)were 0.19±0.05(0.07-0.34)and 0.16±0.03(0.10-0.21), respectively.The set of indexes for the assessment of healthy older Chinese adults covered multi-dimensions including physical health, mental health and social health, with 3 primary indexes, 11 secondary indexes and 17 tertiary indexes.Conclusions:The construction process of the set of indexes for the assessment of healthy Chinese adults was scientific and rigorous, and the panelists had a high level of agreement, strong authority and active participation.The set of indexes has comprehensive coverage and an inclusive framework, and indexes at each level are scientific and feasible.It can serve as a reference for the comprehensive assessment of health status of the elderly and for aging-related government policy formulation in the future.

Objective:To evaluate and analyze elderly health on the physical, psychological and social dimensions, so as to understand the health status and care needs of community-dwelling elderly residents.Methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Meiyuan community, Malianwa Street, Haidian District of Beijing during July 22 to August 26, 2021.A total of 404 people aged 60 and above(70.6±8.6 years old)including 169 men and 235 women were enrolled through cluster sampling.All information about community-dwelling elderly residents was collected with face-to-face interviews and a standardized structured questionnaire for the evaluation and analysis of their physical, mental, social and overall health.Results:The rate of overall healthy residents was 21.3%(86), and the rates of physically, mentally and socially healthy residents were 66.8%(270), 86.6%(350) and 24.3%(98), respectively, in this community.There was a sex difference in social health in the whole group( χ2=9.008, P=0.011)and a higher proportion of men than women were considered generally healthy( χ2=8.963, P=0.003). People in the three age groups(224 in the 60-69 group, 109 in the 70-79 group and 71 in the ≥80 group)showed statistically significant differences in overall, physical, mental and social health( χ2=18.473, 61.186, 43.026 and 18.310, P<0.001), which declined with increasing age( χ2=13.172, 23.515, 26.806 and 10.068, P<0.001 or 0.01). Conclusions:s The overall healthy rate is not high among community-dwelling elderly residents in Beijing.The health status of the elderly gradually deteriorates with age.Health assessment for the elderly should be emphasized and targeted health education and prevention should be provided to promote disease prevention and mental health.

Sarcopenia is an age-related syndrome characterized by progressive and systemic loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength with age.Sarcopenia in the elderly not only leads to falls, fractures, disability, and reduced exercise ability, but also increases their risk of death and financial burden.At present, a number of professional organizations and institutions have published consensus on the assessment and diagnosis of sarcopenia, but the included parameters are not completely consistent.In this paper, the diagnostic criteria and related parameters of each consensus are reviewed.