Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of infection in recipients after heart trans-plantation,and provide references for the prevention and control of postoperative infections.Methods Clinical data of 259 heart transplant recipients in a hospital from April 2018 to December 2023 were collected for epidemiological analysis.Results Among 259 heart transplant patients,55 developed 68 episodes of infection during the first hospi-talization after surgery,the incidence of infection was 21.24％,and the case incidence of infection was 26.25％.The main infection sites were lower respiratory tract(n=30,44.12％),blood system(n=21,30.88％),and uri-nary system(n=8,11.76％).Sixty-eight episodes of infections occurred primarily within 10 days after surgery(n=37,54.41％),fo-llowed by within 11-20 days(n=14,20.59％).A total of 74 pathogens were detected from the infected site,mainly Gram-negative bacteria(n=37,50.00％),followed by fungi(n=19,25.68％),Gram-posi-tive bacteria(n=12,16.22％),viruses(n=6,8.11％).The multidrug-resistant rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae,Acinetobacter baumannii,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and Enterococcus spp.were relatively high(57.1％-100％).During the period from discharge to one year after surgery,31 patients developed 39 episodes of infection,mainly lower respiratory tract infection(n=29,74.36％).Conclusion Heart transplant recipients have a high incidence of postoperative infection,with lower respiratory tract being the main infection site and with a high resistance rate of pathogen.The critical period for infection prevention and control is within 10 days after surgery.

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of infection in recipients after heart trans-plantation,and provide references for the prevention and control of postoperative infections.Methods Clinical data of 259 heart transplant recipients in a hospital from April 2018 to December 2023 were collected for epidemiological analysis.Results Among 259 heart transplant patients,55 developed 68 episodes of infection during the first hospi-talization after surgery,the incidence of infection was 21.24％,and the case incidence of infection was 26.25％.The main infection sites were lower respiratory tract(n=30,44.12％),blood system(n=21,30.88％),and uri-nary system(n=8,11.76％).Sixty-eight episodes of infections occurred primarily within 10 days after surgery(n=37,54.41％),fo-llowed by within 11-20 days(n=14,20.59％).A total of 74 pathogens were detected from the infected site,mainly Gram-negative bacteria(n=37,50.00％),followed by fungi(n=19,25.68％),Gram-posi-tive bacteria(n=12,16.22％),viruses(n=6,8.11％).The multidrug-resistant rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae,Acinetobacter baumannii,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and Enterococcus spp.were relatively high(57.1％-100％).During the period from discharge to one year after surgery,31 patients developed 39 episodes of infection,mainly lower respiratory tract infection(n=29,74.36％).Conclusion Heart transplant recipients have a high incidence of postoperative infection,with lower respiratory tract being the main infection site and with a high resistance rate of pathogen.The critical period for infection prevention and control is within 10 days after surgery.

As a cavola marker protein, caveolin-1 participates in many pathophysiological processes through its scaffolding domain oligomering many celular signal transduction molecules, and also regulates inflammation after cerebral ischemia through different pathways. This article reviews advances in caveolin-1 and inflammation after ischemic stroke in recent years, mainly focusing on its mechanism in regulating inflammation.

Objective To investigate the identification and optimal breeding method of caveolin-1 knockout mice, and provide an ideal animal model for further study of the role of caveolin-1 in cerebral ischemic injury and repair. Meth?ods The introduced caveolin-1 gene knockout mice were reared in the SPF laboratory and genomic DNA was extracted from mouse tail tissue by the method of boiling lysis. According to the primer sequences provided by the Jackson Laboratory of America for polymerase chain reaction ( PCR) to detect the genotypes, with the four different ways of mating:caveolin-1 +/ -heterozygote intercrossing, heterozygous and homozygous caveolin-1 -/ -hybrid ( orthogonal and pay) as well as homo-zygous intercrossing. The pregnancy rate, shape characteristics of the filial generation mice and homozygous rate of the pa-rental mice were observed. Results Agarose gel electrophoresis results indicated that the size of molecular weight of the PCR products was about 200 bp and 661 bp, which were consistent with the expected target gene fragment, and identified caveolin-1 gene knockout mice of different genotypes successfully. The results of different mating patterns are basically in a-greement with Mendel rule, and the female and male aveolin-1 -/ -homozygous mice had a certain ability to reproduce, three different genotypes of mice had no significant differences between the shape features. Conclusions PCR can fast and reliably identify the genotypes of caveolin-1 knockout mice using genomic DNA through the method of boiling lysis. Combi- ning the breeding methods of intercrossing of caveolin-1 heterozygous mice and intercrossing of caveolin-1 homozygous mice may be a good way to obtain enough homozygous mice and homologous wild type mice in a short period.

ObjectiveToinvestigatetheeffectsofcaveolin1(Cav1)onexpressionsofproinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1βand IL-6 in the ischemic cortex after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice. Methods The Cav-1 knockout mice (n=40) and wild-type mice (n=40) were randomly divided into ischemia groups and sham operation groups (n=20 in each group). They w ere also redivided into ischemia or sham operation at 3, 7, 10 and 14 d time points ( n=5 in each time point). A permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion model w as induced by the suture method. Immunohistochemical method w as used to detect the expressions of IL-1βand IL-6 in the ischemic cortex. Results The expression levels of IL-1βand IL-6 in the ischemic cortex at each time point in the ischemia group in Cav1 knockout mice w ere significantly higher than those in the ischemia group in the w ild-type mice ( al P< 0.05 ). Conclusions The upregulations of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1βand IL-6 in the ischemic cortex in Cav1 knockout mice suggests that Cav1 plays an important role in aleviating inflammation after cerebral ischemia.