Accurate characterization of the chemical composition of complex traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is an essential foundation for the modern scientific interpretation of TCM principles.Mass spectrometry is the most dominant technique in current research on the material basis of TCM,offering the highest sensitivity and the richest information provision.Establishing mass spectrometry databases represents the most effective approach to facilitating the structural analysis of TCM chemical components.This paper systematically searches and reviews literature published from January 2005 to January 2025 through online databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure,PubMed,and Web of Science,using"mass spectrometry database"and"traditional Chinese medicine"as keywords.It reviews the current status of seven TCM chemical component mass spectrometry databases and seven natural product mass spectrometry databases.The key advancements of these mass spectrometry databases for natural products are summarized,detailing their characteristics,search methodologies,included information,and data sources.Additionally,challenges related to data quality,standardization,timely updates,database interaction,retrieval functionality,and data sharing and security are discussed in depth.Furthermore,the paper explores prospective development directions for TCM mass spectrometry databases,emphasizing the importance of open data sharing,technological innovation,and data security.Through this analysis,the paper aims to offer theoretical guidance and practical recommendations for the precise identification of TCM components,as well as for the construction and application of these databases.

Digital technologies have become an integral part of complete denture restoration. With advancement in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), tools such as intraoral scanning, facial scanning, 3D printing, and numerical control machining are reshaping the workflow of complete denture restoration. Unlike conventional methods that rely heavily on clinical experience and manual techniques, digital technologies offer greater precision, predictability, and efficacy. They also streamline the process by reducing the number of patient visits and improving overall comfort. Despite these improvements, the clinical application of digital complete denture restoration still faces challenges that require further standardization. The major issues include appropriate case selection, establishing consistent digital workflows, and evaluating long-term outcomes. To address these challenges and provide clinical guidance for practitioners, this expert consensus outlines the principles, advantages, and limitations of digital complete denture technology. The aim of this review was to offer practical recommendations on indications, clinical procedures and precautions, evaluation metrics, and outcome assessment to support digital restoration of complete denture in clinical practice.
Humans ; Denture, Complete ; Computer-Aided Design ; Denture Design/methods* ; Consensus ; Printing, Three-Dimensional

Accurate characterization of the chemical composition of complex traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is an essential foundation for the modern scientific interpretation of TCM principles.Mass spectrometry is the most dominant technique in current research on the material basis of TCM,offering the highest sensitivity and the richest information provision.Establishing mass spectrometry databases represents the most effective approach to facilitating the structural analysis of TCM chemical components.This paper systematically searches and reviews literature published from January 2005 to January 2025 through online databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure,PubMed,and Web of Science,using"mass spectrometry database"and"traditional Chinese medicine"as keywords.It reviews the current status of seven TCM chemical component mass spectrometry databases and seven natural product mass spectrometry databases.The key advancements of these mass spectrometry databases for natural products are summarized,detailing their characteristics,search methodologies,included information,and data sources.Additionally,challenges related to data quality,standardization,timely updates,database interaction,retrieval functionality,and data sharing and security are discussed in depth.Furthermore,the paper explores prospective development directions for TCM mass spectrometry databases,emphasizing the importance of open data sharing,technological innovation,and data security.Through this analysis,the paper aims to offer theoretical guidance and practical recommendations for the precise identification of TCM components,as well as for the construction and application of these databases.

Accurate characterization of the chemical composition of complex traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is an essential foundation for the modern scientific interpretation of TCM principles. Mass spectrometry is the most dominant technique in current research on the material basis of TCM, offering the highest sensitivity and the richest information provision. Establishing mass spectrometry databases represents the most effective approach to facilitating the structural analysis of TCM chemical components. This paper systematically searches and reviews literature published from January 2005 to January 2025 through online databases such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure, PubMed, and Web of Science, using “mass spectrometry database” and “traditional Chinese medicine” as keywords. It reviews the current status of seven TCM chemical component mass spectrometry databases and seven natural product mass spectrometry databases. The key advancements of these mass spectrometry databases for natural products are summarized, detailing their characteristics, search methodologies, included information, and data sources. Additionally, challenges related to data quality, standardization, timely updates, database interaction, retrieval functionality, and data sharing and security are discussed in depth. Furthermore, the paper explores prospective development directions for TCM mass spectrometry databases, emphasizing the importance of open data sharing, technological innovation, and data security. Through this analysis, the paper aims to offer theoretical guidance and practical recommendations for the precise identification of TCM components, as well as for the construction and application of these databases.

Objective:To explore the differences in the clinical application of different brands of infrared ear thermometers in pediatric patients,and to guide the rational use of infrared ear thermometers.Methods:A total of 164 inpatients and outpatients who received treatment in the Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from May 2023 to July 2023 were randomly selected,and three different brands of ear thermometers were used to measure the ear temperature of the children in the same measurement method.The differences in temperature and time measured by different brands of ear thermometers in children of different ages were compared.Results:The temperature and time measurements of the three ear thermometers were compared,the difference was statistically significant(F=5.007,264.988,P<0.05).The temperature of children aged≤3 months was measured by the three ear thermometers,and the difference was statistically significant(F=3.868,P<0.05).there was no difference in children aged over 3 months.Conclusion:For children of different ages,medical institutions can make choices based on the comprehensive consideration of the use cost,the speed of measurement time and other factors.For children aged over 3 months,choose product B with lower cost and faster measurement time,for children aged 0-3 months,it is recommended to choose product A with more accurate temperature measurement values.

Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/metabolism* ; Humans ; Microfilament Proteins/metabolism* ; Models, Cardiovascular ; Mutation ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; Pluripotent Stem Cells/metabolism* ; Transcription Factors/metabolism* ; Troponin T/metabolism*

OBJECTIVES: To coat a zirconia surface with silica-zirconia using a dip-coating technique and evaluate its effect on resin-zirconia shear bond strength (SBS). METHODS: A silica-zirconia suspension was prepared and used to coat a zirconia surface using a dip-coating technique. One hundred and eighty-nine zirconia disks were divided into three groups according to their different surface treatments (polishing, sandblasting, and silica-zirconia coating). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze the differently treated zirconia surfaces. Different primer treatments (Monobond N, Z-PRIME Plus, and no primer) were also applied to the zirconia surfaces. Subsequently, 180 composite resin cylinders (Filtek Z350) were cemented onto the zirconia disks with resin cement (RelyX Ultimate). The SBS was measured after water storage for 24 h or 6 months. The data were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: SEM and EDX showed that the silica-zirconia coating produced a porous layer with additional Si, and XRD showed that only tetragonal zirconia was on the silica-zirconia-coating surface. Compared with the control group, the resin-zirconia SBSs of the sandblasting group and silica-zirconia-coating group were significantly increased ( CONCLUSIONS Dip-coating with silica-zirconia might be a feasible way to improve resin-zirconia bonding.

Objective: To study the preventive effect of Timosaponin BⅡ (T-BⅡ) -loaded temperature/ion-sensitive nasal in situ hydrogels (ISGs) on Alzheimer's disease (AD), its preparation technology, characteristics and in vivo effects were evaluated.Methods: The morphological and rheological properties were evaluated. The preventive effects of T-BⅡ ISG on scopolamine-induced AD in mice were determined with the index of muscarinicreceptor 1 (M1) expression and pathological changes. Results: Results revealed that T-BⅡ ISG significantly increased the content of M1 choline receptors in the hippocampus of mice and ameliorated the damage incurred to the hippocampal cornu ammonis 1 (CA1) area. Conclusion: T-BⅡ ISGs is a reasonable and convenient method of exerting an obvious preventive effect on mice with AD induced by scopolamine. This, thereby, lays forth a new treatment option for preventing AD.

Objective To explore the classification system and outcomes of surgical treatment for terrible triad of the elbow.Methods Data of 42 patients with terrible triad elbow injuries who were surgically treated between 2009 and 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.There were 29 males and 13 females with a mean age of 47 years at the time of injury.42 patients of terrible triad injuries were classified into four types:type ⅠA,ⅠB,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,and Ⅳ injuries.Type ⅠA and Ⅱ injuries were treated through an isolated lateral approach,while type ⅠB,Ⅲ and Ⅳ injuries were treated by a combined lateral and anteromedial approach.Operative treatment consisted of repair or replacement of the radial head,repair of the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) and coronoid fracture fixation.Type ⅠA injuries were treated with radial head and LCL repair without coronoid fixation.Type Ⅳ elbow injuries were treated with medial collateral ligament (MCL) repair.Elbow functional status was evaluated using the Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS).Results There were three patients with type ⅠA injuries,7 patients type ⅠB injuries,15 type Ⅱ injuries,10 type Ⅲ injuries,and 7 type Ⅳ injuries.The average follow-up period was 30 months (range,24-56 months).All fractures of coronoid got union at average 11.5 months except for type ⅠA injuries.40 patients with fractures of radial head got union at average 12.4 months and two patients underwent radial head replacement without loosening.The mean flexion-extension arc was 107°±22°,the mean flexion contracture was 20°±10° and the mean flexion was 127°±14°.The average forearm rotation arc was 145°±14°,which included an average pronation of 73°±8° and an average supination of 71°±9°.The mean MEPS was 89±9 points (range,55-100 points),with excellent results in 24 elbows,good result in 17 and poor result in one;the excellence rate was 97％ (41/42).Thirteen patients had radiographic signs of arthrosis according to the Broberg-Morrey system (9 elbows were grade 1 and 4 were grade 2).5 patients had evidence of heterotopic ossification,of which four had minimal periarticular ossification and did not require additional surgery.The remaining patient showed significant heterotopic ossification and required an elbow release.1 patient with type Ⅲ injury developed transient median nerve paralysis and got full recovery after conservative treatment for 8 weeks.1 patient with type Ⅲ injury developed ulnar neuropathy and required an anterior ulnar nerve transposition.2 patients,who had shifting hardware but still achieved union,required a second surgery to remove the implant:one patient had a Kirschner wire shift from the radial head at 6 months after surgery,and the other had a loose screw in the coronoid process at one year after surgery.Conclusion Our classification system of terrible triad of the elbow may provide a guide for the selection of an ideal surgical approach and treatment modality.

Objective To assess the efficacy and significance of hepatic protection by observing the incidence of liver injury in patients with chemotherapy who were treated and untreated with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).Methods A retrospective analysis was applied to compare the changes in liver function tests and incidence rate of drug -induced liver injury between the observation group (treated with TCM)and the control group (untreated with TCM)after chemotherapy.Results The incidence rates of liver injury in the observation group and control group was 4.7%(2 /43)and 23.9%(11 /46)respectively.The difference between the two groups was statisti-cally significant(χ2 =6.611,P =0.01).The ALT,AST,TBIL,ALP between the two groups had statistically signifi-cant differences after treatment (all P <0.05).Conclusion Using TCMin hepatic protection can improve liver tests and reduce the incidence of drug -induced liver injury from chemotherapy.