Objective To explore the effect of disposable electronic soft mirror and conventional repeatable soft mirror on the renal function and prostaglandin E2(PGE2),5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)levels in patients with upper ureteral calculi and analyze the factors influencing recurrence after retrograde intrarenal surgery(RIRS).Methods 114 patients with upper ureteral calculi from March 2022 to March 2023 were selected and randomly divided into two groups,with 57 cases forming the observation group and 57 cases forming the control group.The observation group was administrated with RIRS via disposable electronic soft mirror,while the control group accepted RIRS via conventional repeatable soft mirror.The two groups were compared in the aspect of surgical data.Patients'serum renal function indicators[blood urea nitrogen(BUN),creatinine(Cr),cystatin C(CysC)],PGE2 and 5-HT levels were tested preoperative and postoperative 24 h.Postoperative complications and recurrence were compared between the two groups after 6 months follow-up.The patients were grouped according to whether there was recurrence or not.The medical records of recurrence group and non-recurrence group were collected,and the risk factors of recurrence were analyzed statistically.Results There was no sxtatistically significant difference between the observation group and the control group in terms of surgical time,intraoperative bleeding,one-time stone removal rate,and hospital stay(P>0.05).After operation both groups saw much higher levels of BUN,Cr,CysC,PGE2 and 5-HT than they did before the operation(P<0.05),but no significant difference in the aforementioned indicators was seen between the two groups either before or after the operation(P>0.05).The incidence of complications and recurrence rate of the observation group were 3.51%and 15.79%respectively,seeing no big difference from 12.28%and 21.05%of the control group(P>0.05).The body mass index(BMI),postoperative residual calculi and urinary tract infections in the recurrence team were remarkably higher than those in the non recurrence team(P<0.05).The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for confounding factors such as gender,age,course of disease,maximum diameter of calculi,number of calculi,location of calculi,and surgical method,postoperative residual calculi and postoperative urinary tract infections were independent risk factors for postoperative recurrence of upper ureteral calculi after RIRS(P<0.05).Conclusion Both disposable electronic soft endoscopy and conventional repeatable soft endoscopy can achieve satisfactory results in the treatment of upper ureteral calculi,both can impact the renal function and serum PGE2,5-HT levels in patients to a certain extent,and both present a risk of recurrence after surgery.Residual postoperative calculi and postoperative urinary tract infections are independent risk factors inducing recurrence of upper ureteral calculi after RIRS.

Objective:To analyze the application value of MCV,MCH and HbA2 in screening for thalassemia in the population of childbearing age in Quanzhou area,and to determine the optimal screening cut-off value of relevant indicators in this area. Methods:2725 couples of childbearing age were included in the study and underwent routine blood test,capillary hemoglobin electrophoresis,and α and β thalassemia gene test. Statistical methods were used to analyze the distribution of thalassemia genotypes,and compare the performance of MCV,MCH,and HbA2 in screening various types of thalassemia. According to the ROC curve,the best cut-off values of MCV,MCH and HbA2 in screening for thalassemia in this area were determined. Results:In this study,a total of 1801 thalassemia carriers were detected,including 1341 cases of α-thalassemia,420 cases of β-thalassemia,and 40 cases of αβ compound thalassemia. The most common genotypes of α-thalassemia and β-thalassemia were--SEA/αα and β654/βN,respectively. ROC curves were drawn to evaluate the performance of MCV,MCH and HbA2 in screening for α-thalassemia,mild β-thalassemia,αβ compound thalassemia,silent α-thalassemia,mild α-thalassemia,and intermediate α-thalassemia. The maximum areas under the curves (AUC) were 0.747,0.865,0.724,0.486,0.812,0.841;0.747,0.846,0.703,0.479,0.796,0.903;0.613,0.980,0.909,0.465,0.674,0.996,respectively;and the best cut-off values corresponding to the three screening indicators were 76.15fl,71.95fl,77.35fl,86.15fl,75.41fl,61.15fl;24.35pg,21.51pg,25.45pg,28.65pg,24.01pg,20.51pg;2.45％,3.05％,3.55％,3.25％,2.45％,1.65％,respectively. Conclusion:The levels of MCV,MCH and HbA2 are correlated with the phenotype of thalassemia,and the detection of these indicators is of great significance for the prevention and control of thalassaemia.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of pneumococcal meningitis(PM),and drug sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae(SP)isolates in Chinese children.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical information,laboratory data,and microbiological data of 160 hospitalized children under 15 years old with PM from January 2019 to December 2020 in 33 tertiary hospitals across the country.Results Among the 160 children with PM,there were 103 males and 57 females.The age ranged from 15 days to 15 years,with 109 cases(68.1% )aged 3 months to under 3 years.SP strains were isolated from 95 cases(59.4% )in cerebrospinal fluid cultures and from 57 cases(35.6% )in blood cultures.The positive rates of SP detection by cerebrospinal fluid metagenomic next-generation sequencing and cerebrospinal fluid SP antigen testing were 40% (35/87)and 27% (21/78),respectively.Fifty-five cases(34.4% )had one or more risk factors for purulent meningitis,113 cases(70.6% )had one or more extra-cranial infectious foci,and 18 cases(11.3% )had underlying diseases.The most common clinical symptoms were fever(147 cases,91.9% ),followed by lethargy(98 cases,61.3% )and vomiting(61 cases,38.1% ).Sixty-nine cases(43.1% )experienced intracranial complications during hospitalization,with subdural effusion and/or empyema being the most common complication[43 cases(26.9% )],followed by hydrocephalus in 24 cases(15.0% ),brain abscess in 23 cases(14.4% ),and cerebral hemorrhage in 8 cases(5.0% ).Subdural effusion and/or empyema and hydrocephalus mainly occurred in children under 1 year old,with rates of 91% (39/43)and 83% (20/24),respectively.SP strains exhibited complete sensitivity to vancomycin(100% ,75/75),linezolid(100% ,56/56),and meropenem(100% ,6/6).High sensitivity rates were also observed for levofloxacin(81% ,22/27),moxifloxacin(82% ,14/17),rifampicin(96% ,25/26),and chloramphenicol(91% ,21/23).However,low sensitivity rates were found for penicillin(16% ,11/68)and clindamycin(6% ,1/17),and SP strains were completely resistant to erythromycin(100% ,31/31).The rates of discharge with cure and improvement were 22.5% (36/160)and 66.2% (106/160),respectively,while 18 cases(11.3% )had adverse outcomes.Conclusions Pediatric PM is more common in children aged 3 months to under 3 years.Intracranial complications are more frequently observed in children under 1 year old.Fever is the most common clinical manifestation of PM,and subdural effusion/emphysema and hydrocephalus are the most frequent complications.Non-culture detection methods for cerebrospinal fluid can improve pathogen detection rates.Adverse outcomes can be noted in more than 10% of PM cases.SP strains are high sensitivity to vancomycin,linezolid,meropenem,levofloxacin,moxifloxacin,rifampicin,and chloramphenicol.[Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics,2024,26(2):131-138]

Objective:To discuss the effect of royal jelly acid(10-HDA)on the proliferation and migration of the human colon cancer SW620 cells based on the network pharmacology,and to clarify its related molecular mechanism.Methods:The active ingredients such as 10-HDA and their corresponding targets were retrieved by using the keyword"royal jelly"from the Traditiomal Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology(TMSCP)Database and the Traditiomal Chinese Medicine Integrated Database(TCMID);the small molecule targets were predicted by the Swiss Target Prediction Database.The GeneCards Database and the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man(OMIM)Database were used to obtain the targets with the keyword"Colon Cancer";the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network was constructed by using the String Database and Cytoscape 3.8.0 Software to screen the core targets;the Gene Ontology(GO)function enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)signaling pathway enrichment analysis were analyzed by Metascape Database;the specific ingredient 10-HDA was screened for the in vitro activity experiments.The human colon cancer SW620 cells with good growth status were divided into control group and different doses(1,5,10,15,and 20 mmol·L-1)of 10-HDA groups.The viabilities of the cells in various groups were detected by MTT method and the survival rates of the cells were calculated.The SW620 cells were divided into control group,low dose(5 mmol·L-1)of 10-HDA group,middle dose(10 mmol·L-1)of 10-HDA group,and high dose(15 mmol·L-1)of 10-HDA group;Hoechst33342 staining method was used to observe the morphology of the cells in various groups;cell scratch test was used to detect the scratch healing rates of the cells in various groups;flow cytometry was used to detect the percentages of the cells at different cell cycles in various groups;biochemical method was used to detect the activities of total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)in the cells in various groups;Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2),Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax),cysteine-containing aspartate proteolytic enzyme-3(Caspase-3),cysteine-containing aspartate proteolytic enzyme-9(Caspase-9),glycogen synthase kinase 3β(GSK3β),β-catenin,and cyclin D1 proteins in the cells in various groups.Results:Six active ingredients of royal jelly were screened out by the TCMSP Database,and 28 core targets of 10-HDA in the treatment of colon cancer were obtained.The GO function enrichment analysis mainly included the signaling pathways such as cell proliferation and apoptosis.The KEGG signaling pathway enrichment analysis included the cell cycle,prostate cancer,cell senescence,and p53 signaling pathways;the GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway was closely related to the cell cycle.Compared with control group,the viabilities of the cells in 5,10,15,and 20 mmol·L-110-HDA groups were decreased in a dose-dependent manner(P<0.05 or P<0.01),the numbers of apoptotic cells in different doses of 10-HDA groups were significantly increased,and the scratch healing rates of the cells were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01);the percentages of the cells at S phase in middle and high doses of 10-HDA groups were significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),the activities of T-AOC and SOD in the cells in different doses of 10-HDA groups were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with control group,the expression level of Bcl-2 protein in the cells in low dose of 10-HDA group was significantly decreased(P<0.01),and the expression level of GSK3β protein was significantly increased(P<0.05);compared with control group,the expression levels of Bax,Caspase-3,Caspase-9,and GSK3β proteins in the cells in middle and high doses of 10-HDA groups were significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the expression levels of Bcl-2,β-catenin,and CyclinD1 proteins were significantly decreased(P<0.01).Conclusion:10-HDA can significantly inhibit the proliferation and migration of the colon cancer cells and promote the apoptosis and oxidation levels of the colon cancer cells,and its mechanism may be related to the activation of the GSK3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.

Improving the reproducibility of biomedical research results is a major challenge. Transparent and accurate reporting of the research process enables readers to evaluate the reliability of the research results and further explore the experiment by repeating it or building upon its findings. The ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines, released in 2019 by the UK National Centre for the Replacement, Refinement and Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), provide a checklist that is applicable to any in vivo animal research report. These guidelines aim to improve the standardization of experimental design, implementation, and reporting, as well as enhance the reliability, repeatability, and clinical translation of animal experimental results. The use of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines not only enriches the details of animal experimental research reports, ensuring that information on animal experimental results is fully evaluated and utilized, but also enables readers to understand the content expressed by the author accurately and clearly, promoting the transparency and completeness of the fundamental research review process. At present, the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines have been widely adopted by international biomedical journals. This article is based on the best practices following the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines in international journals, and it interprets, explains, and elaborates in Chinese the fifth part of the comprehensive version of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines published in PLoS Biology in 2020 (the original text can be found at https://arriveguidelines.org). This section includes the items 6-11 of Recommended 11 section, covering "Animal Care and Monitoring", "Interpretation/Scientific Implications", "Generalisability/Translation", "Protocol Registration", "Data Access" and "Declaration of Interests". Its aim is to promote a comprehensive understanding and use of the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines among domestic researchers, to enhance the standardization of experimental animal research and reporting, and to promote high-quality development of experimental animal sciences and comparative medicine research in China.

Developmental dyslexia (DD) is a prevalent learning disorder, and the KIAA0319 gene is a DD-associated gene, potentially affecting reading ability by influencing brain development. This review provides an overview of the impact of KIAA0319 gene on brain development in fish, non-primate mammals, primate mammals, and humans. In studies involving fish, the kiaa0319 gene was found to be expressed in the brain, eyes and ears of zebrafish. In mammalian studies, abnormal Kiaa0319 gene expression affected neuronal migration direction and final position, as well as dendritic morphology during embryonic development in rats, leading to abnormal white and gray matter development. Knocking down the Kiaa0319 gene impaired the primary auditory cortex in rats, resulting in phoneme processing impairment similar to DD. In mice, Kiaa0319 overexpression affected the neuronal migration process, causing delayed radial migration of neurons to the cortical plate. Knockout of the Kiaa0319 gene led to abnormal development of the gray matter in mice, resulting in reduced volume of the medial geniculate nucleus and then impacting auditory processing. In primate studies, research on marmosets found that KIAA0319 gene is expressed in the visual, auditory, and motor pathways, while studies on chimpanzees revealed that KIAA0319 gene abnormalities primarily affected the gray matter volume and microstructure of the posterior superior temporal gyrus, morphology of the superior temporal sulcus and gray matter volume of the inferior frontal gyrus. The impact of KIAA0319 gene on human brain development is mainly concentrated in the left temporal lobe, where abnormal KIAA0319 gene expression caused reduced gray matter in the left inferior temporal gyrus, middle temporal gyrus and fusiform gyrus, as well as reduced white matter volume in the left temporoparietal cortex. Abnormalities in KIAA0319 gene also led to decreased hemispheric asymmetry in the superior temporal sulcus. The above-mentioned brain regions are crucial for language and reading processing. It is analyzed that the abnormalities in the DD-associated KIAA0319 gene affect neuronal migration and morphology during brain development, resulting in abnormal development of subcortical structures (such as the medial geniculate nucleus and lateral geniculate nucleus) and cortical structures (including the left temporal cortex, temporoparietal cortex and fusiform gyrus) which are involved in human visual and auditory processing as well as language processing. Impairment of the medial geniculate nucleus affects the information transmission to the auditory cortex, leading to impaired phoneme processing. Abnormalities in the magnocellular layers within the lateral geniculate nucleus hinder the normal transmission of visual information to the visual cortex, affecting the dorsal visual pathway. The left temporal lobe is closely related to language and reading, and abnormalities in its gray matter and connections with other brain areas can affect the language and word processing. In summary, abnormalities in the KIAA0319 gene can partly explain current research findings on the cognitive and neural mechanisms of DD, providing a genetic basis for theoretical models related to DD (such as general sensorimotor theory and the magnocellular theory). However, the mechanism of developmental dyslexia is complex, and there are mutual influences between different DD-associated genes and between genes and the environment, which require further exploration.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the lipid-lowering activity of LFBEP-C1 in high glucose-fed Caenorhabditis elegans(C.elegans). Methods In this study,the fermented barley protein LFBEP-C1 was prepared and tested for its potential anti-obesity effects on C.elegans.The worms were fed Escherichia coli OP50(E.coli OP50),glucose,and different concentrations of LFBEP-C1.Body size,lifespan,movement,triglyceride content,and gene expression were analyzed.The results were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison test. Results Compared with the model group,the head-swing frequency of C.elegans in the group of LFBEP-C1 at 20 μg/mL increased by 33.88%,and the body-bending frequency increased by 27.09%.This indicated that LFBEP-C1 improved the locomotive ability of C.elegans.The average lifespan of C.elegans reached 13.55 days,and the body length and width of the C.elegans decreased after LFBEP-C1 intake.Additionally,LFBEP-C1 reduced the content of lipid accumulation and triglyceride levels.The expression levels of sbp-1,daf-2,and mdt-15 significantly decreased,while those of daf-16,tph-1,mod-1,and ser-4 significantly increased after LFBEP-C1 intake.Changes in these genes explain the signaling pathways that regulate lipid metabolism. Conclusion LFBEP-C1 significantly reduced lipid deposition in C.elegans fed a high-glucose diet and alleviated the adverse effects of a high-glucose diet on the development,lifespan,and exercise behavior of C.elegans.In addition,LFBEP-C1 regulated lipid metabolism mainly by mediating the expression of genes in the sterol regulatory element-binding protein,insulin,and 5-hydroxytryptamine signaling pathways.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological features, immunophenotype, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of SRF-rearranged cellular perivascular myoid tumor.Methods:Two cases of SRF-rearranged cellular perivascular myoid tumor diagnosed in the Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center from October 2021 to March 2022 were collected. Immunohistochemical staining, fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) and next-generation sequencing (NGS) were performed, and the literature was reviewed.Results:Case 1, a 3-month-old boy presented with a painless tumor of the scalp, measuring about 2 cm in diameter. Case 2, a 3-year-old girl complained with a painless tumor of the knee, measuring approximately 1.5 cm in diameter. Microscopically, the tumor had a clear boundary and showed multinodular growth. The tumor was mainly composed of spindle cells arranged in long intersecting fascicles associated with thin, slit-like or branching ectatic vessels, focally forming hemangiopericytoma-like appearance. The tumor cells were abundant, but there was no obvious atypia. Mitotic figures (3-4/10 HPF) were noted. H-caldesmon and SMA were positive in both cases. Case 1 showed diffuse and strong positivity for Desmin, and focally for CKpan. Ki-67 proliferation index was 20% and 30%, respectively. FISH displayed NCOA2 gene translocation in case 1 and the RELA gene translocation in case 2. NGS detected the SRF-NCOA2 gene fusion in case 1 and the SRF-RELA gene fusion in case 2. Both patients underwent local excisions. During the follow-up of 5-14 months, case 1 had no local recurrence, while case 2 developed local recurrence 1 year post operatively.Conclusions:SRF-rearranged cellular perivascular myoid tumor is a novel variant of perivascular cell tumor, which tends to occur in children and adolescents. The tumor forms a broad morphologic spectrum ranging from a pericytic pattern to a myoid pattern, and include hybrid tumors with a mixture of pericytic and myoid patterns. Due to its diffuse hypercellularity and increased mitotic figures and smooth muscle-like immunophenotype, the tumor is easy to be misdiagnosed as myogenic sarcomas. The tumor usually pursues a benign clinical course and rare cases may locally recur.

Objective To explore the effect of modified Shaoyao Gancao Decoction combined with acupuncture on Oswestry Disability Index(ODI)of patients after surgery for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture(OVCF).Methods A total of 94 patients with OVCF of liver-kidney deficiency and yin-blood deficiency type were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group,with 47 cases in each group.Both groups were treated with surgical treatment by percutaneous balloon kyphoplasty or percutaneous vertebroplasty.After the operation,the control group was given acupuncture therapy,and the observation group was treated with modified Shaoyao Gancao Decoction combined with acupuncture therapy.Both groups were treated for 12 weeks(3 months in total).The changes of pain visual analogue scale(VAS)score,ODI score,bone mineral density(BMD)of lumbar vertebrae 2-4(L2-4),femoral neck,Wards triangle and total hip,and serum levels of bone metabolism indicators of type I collagen C-terminal peptide(CTX-1),bone alkaline phosphatase(BALP)and blood calcium in the two groups at different observation time points after operation were observed.After treatment,the clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated.Results(1)After 3 months of treatment,the total effective rate of the observation group was 100.00%(47/47),and that of the control group was 87.23%(41/47).The intergroup comparison(tested by Fisher's exact test)showed that the clinical efficacy of the observation group was significantly superior to that of the control group(P＜0.01).(2)On the seventh day,first month and third month after operation,the pain VAS score and thoracolumbar function of ODI scores of the two groups were significantly lower than those at the previous observation time point(P＜0.05),and the decrease of VAS score and thoracolumbar ODI score in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group on the seventh day,first month and third month after operation(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).(3)After treatment(one month after operation),the BMD values of L2-4,femoral neck,Wards triangle and total hip in the two groups were significantly higher than those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the increase of BMD values in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.01).(4)After treatment(one month after operation),the serum levels of bone metabolism indicators of CTX-1,BALP and calcium of the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the decrease of serum CTX-1,BALP and calcium levels in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group(P＜0.01).Conclusion Modified Shaoyao Gancao Decoction combined with acupuncture exerts certain effect for the treatment of OVCF patients with liver-kidney deficiency and yin-blood deficiency type.The combined therapy can significantly relieve postoperative pain symptoms,improve BMD and bone metabolism,promote the recovery of thoracolumbar function,and effectively enhance the overall efficacy.

Hallux valgus is a common disorder of the forefeet,and its diagnosis and treatment have always drawn the attention of the practitioners.This article introduced the minimally-invasive diagnosis and treatment system for hallux valgus of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine,which was established by Professor WEN Jian-Min after more than 40 years of in-depth clinical practice and research based on the theory of yin-yang balance and theory of tendons and bones in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and through the combination of modern surgical experience.The minimally-invasive diagnosis and treatment system for hallux valgus embodies the principles of balancing yin and yang,laying equal stress on tendons and bones,unifying the fixation and functional exercises,and treating the fractures and the whole body simultaneously,and includes the key technologies such as minimally-invasive osteotomy for the first metatarsal bone,curtain-wrapped external fixation,perioperative Chinese medicine therapy based on syndrome differentiation,and rehabilitation and nursing of TCM.The system will provide a systematic guide for the standardized minimally-invasive treatment of hallux valgus,and will supply an important approach to the treatment of other orthopedic diseases with integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine.The minimally-invasive diagnosis and treatment system for hallux valgus reflects the scientific research achievements and clinical experience of Professor WEN Jian-Min,which exerts high significance of reference and application value.