Objective: To characterize longitudinal trajectories of testicular development in boys and breast development in girls, so as to provide reference data for understanding patterns of pubertal sexual maturation. Methods: Based on the Shanghai Pudong New Area Cohort Study on Growth, Development and Health in Children and Adolescents, a baseline survey was conducted in 2020 using a mult stage cluster random sampling method. A total of 2 184 children who completed all follow ups during the primary school period from 13 elementary schools in Pudong New Area,Shanghai,with annual follow ups during 2021-2025. Testicular volume and Tanner stage of breast development were assessed by professional physicians using standardized visual inspection and palpation. The age distribution of testicular volume and breast development was fitted by using cumulative link mixed models and Turnbull s nonparametric maximum likelihood estimation method. Results: Median ages for testicular volumes of 2, 3, 4 and 5 mL in boys were 7.07, 9.24, 10.29, and 11.57 years old, respectively. Median ages for Tanner breast stages Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ, and Ⅴ in girls were 8.55 , 10.17, 11.18, and 13.78 years old, respectively. Based on overweight and obesity, stratified analysis showed that earlier pubertal onset among overweight/obesity children, and the key milestones for pubertal initiation were testicular volume reaching 4 mL in boys and breast Tanner II in girls for 10.29, 10.83; 8.18, 9.00 years. Conclusion Overweight and obesity are associated with earlier pubertal initiation,but there are certain gender and developmental stage specific patterns.

Objective To investigate the levels of radionuclides in food in Beijing, China, and assess the committed effective dose to local residents from food intake. Methods From 2021 to 2022, a total of 65 food samples across 7 categories were collected in Beijing. The activity concentrations of radionuclides, including ¹³⁷Cs, ²¹⁰Pb, ²³⁸U, ²²⁸Ra, ²²⁶Ra, ⁴⁰K, ⁹⁰Sr, ²¹⁰Po, ³H and ¹⁴C, were measured using gamma spectrometry and radiochemical methods. By combining the monitoring results with dietary consumption data of Beijing residents and the internal dose coefficients for Chinese reference adult phantom, the committed effective dose was estimated. Results The levels of radionuclides in food in Beijing were within the normal background range, consistent with related surveys in China and abroad, with activity concentrations below national standard limits. No significant differences were found in the activity concentrations of ¹³⁷Cs, ²³⁸U, ²²⁸Ra, ²²⁶Ra and ⁴⁰K between food samples collected from key areas and those from control areas (P > 0.05). The committed effective doses calculated according to internal dose coefficients for Chinese reference adult male phantom and GB 18871-2002 were 0.26 mSv and 0.19 mSv, respectively. Based on the Chinese reference adult male phantom, the majority of the committed effective dose was attributed to ²¹⁰Pb (45.1%), ²²⁸Ra (37.1%), ²¹⁰Po (12.3%), and ²²⁶Ra (4.7%). Conclusion The levels of radionuclides in food in Beijing fluctuated within the background range, resulting in a low radiation dose burden to the population.

Peyronie's disease (PD) is a disorder characterized by fibrous plaque formation in the penile tissue that leads to curvature and complications in advanced stages. In this study, we aimed to compare four injectable induction agents for the establishment of a robust rat model of PD: transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), fibrin, sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) combined with TGF-β1, and polidocanol (POL) combined with TGF-β1. The results showed that injection of TGF-β1 or fibrin into the tunica albuginea induced pathological endpoints without causing penile curvature. The STS + TGF-β1 combination resulted in both histological and morphological alterations, but with a high incidence of localized necrosis that led to animal death. The POL + TGF-β1 combination produced pathological changes and curvature comparable to STS + TGF-β1 and led to fewer complications. In conclusion, fibrin, STS + TGF-β1, and POL + TGF-β1 all induced PD with a certain degree of penile curvature and histological fibrosis in rats. The POL + TGF-β1 combination offered comparatively greater safety and clinical relevance and may have the greatest potential for PD research using model rats.
Animals ; Male ; Penile Induration/drug therapy* ; Rats ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Fibrin ; Penis/drug effects* ; Polidocanol/administration & dosage* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Polyethylene Glycols/administration & dosage* ; Injections

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) load in different lymphocyte subsets, as well as clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with hematologic malignancies experiencing EBV reactivation. METHODS: Peripheral blood samples from patients were collected. B, T, and NK cells were isolated sorting with magnetic beads by flow cytometry. The EBV load in each subset was quantitated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Clinical data were colleted from electronic medical records. Survival status was followed up through outpatient visits and telephone calls. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 25.0. RESULTS: A total of 39 patients with hematologic malignancies were included, among whom 35 patients had undergone allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The median time to EBV reactivation was 4.8 months (range: 1.7-57.1 months) after allo-HSCT. EBV was detected in B, T, and NK cells in 20 patients, in B and T cells in 11 patients, and only in B cells in 4 patients. In the 35 patients, the median EBV load in B cells was 2.19×10⁴ copies/ml, significantly higher than that in T cells (4.00×10³ copies/ml, P <0.01) and NK cells (2.85×10² copies/ml, P <0.01). Rituximab (RTX) was administered for 32 patients, resulting in EBV negativity in 32 patients with a median time of 8 days (range: 2-39 days). Post-treatment analysis of 13 patients showed EBV were all negative in B, T, and NK cells. In the four non-transplant patients, the median time to EBV reactivation was 35 days (range: 1-328 days) after diagnosis of the primary disease. EBV was detected in one or two subsets of B, T, or NK cells, but not simultaneously in all three subsets. These patients received a combination chemotherapy targeting at the primary disease, with 3 patients achieving EBV negativity, and the median time to be negative was 40 days (range: 13-75 days). CONCLUSION In hematologic malignancy patients after allo-HSCT, EBV reactivation commonly involves B, T, and NK cells, with a significantly higher viral load in B cells compared to T and NK cells. Rituximab is effective for EBV clearance. In non-transplant patients, EBV reactivation is restricted to one or two lymphocyte subsets, and clearance is slower, highlighting the need for prompt anti-tumor therapy.
Humans ; Hematologic Neoplasms/virology* ; Herpesvirus 4, Human/physiology* ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Virus Activation ; Lymphocyte Subsets/virology* ; Flow Cytometry ; Killer Cells, Natural/virology* ; Male ; Female ; B-Lymphocytes/virology* ; Viral Load ; Adult ; T-Lymphocytes/virology* ; Middle Aged

Digital technologies have become an integral part of complete denture restoration. With advancement in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), tools such as intraoral scanning, facial scanning, 3D printing, and numerical control machining are reshaping the workflow of complete denture restoration. Unlike conventional methods that rely heavily on clinical experience and manual techniques, digital technologies offer greater precision, predictability, and efficacy. They also streamline the process by reducing the number of patient visits and improving overall comfort. Despite these improvements, the clinical application of digital complete denture restoration still faces challenges that require further standardization. The major issues include appropriate case selection, establishing consistent digital workflows, and evaluating long-term outcomes. To address these challenges and provide clinical guidance for practitioners, this expert consensus outlines the principles, advantages, and limitations of digital complete denture technology. The aim of this review was to offer practical recommendations on indications, clinical procedures and precautions, evaluation metrics, and outcome assessment to support digital restoration of complete denture in clinical practice.
Humans ; Denture, Complete ; Computer-Aided Design ; Denture Design/methods* ; Consensus ; Printing, Three-Dimensional

Objective To analyze the effect of Hsa-circ-0101216 on gemcitabine(GEM)chemotherapy resistance in pancreatic cancer and its mechanism.Methods Differentially expressed circRNAs between GEM-resistant pancreatic cancer cells and parent cells were screened using the GEO database.Pancreatic cancer GEM resistant cell lines(BxPC-3-GEM and Capan-1-GEM)were constructed by intermittent concentration gradient method.qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression of Hsa-circ-0101216 in cells.GEM resistant pancreatic cancer cell lines were taken and divided into sh-circ-0101216 group(knockdown of circ-0101216),sh-NC group(transfected with sh-NC),and blank control group(untreated).CCK-8 assay and EdU proliferation assay were used to detect the half inhibitory concentration(IC50)of GEM and proliferation ability of cells in each group.Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of multidrug resistance-related protein 1(MRP1),breast cancer resistance protein(BCRP),and human equilibrative nucleoside transporter-1(hENT-1).A subcutaneous xenograft tumor model of human pancreatic cancer in nude mice was constructed,and sh-NC+GEM group and sh-circ-0101216+GEM group(n=6)were set up.The volume and weight of xenograft tumor in nude mice were compared between the two groups.Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of MRP1,BCRP,and hENT-1 proteins in xenograft tumor tissues,and EDU proliferation assay was used to detect the proliferation ability of tumor cells.Results The GEO database screening showed that Hsa-circ-0101216 was up-regulated in GEM-resistant pancreatic cancer cell lines.Pancreatic cancer GEM-resistant cell lines were successfully constructed,and the expression levels of Hsa-circ-0101216 and the IC50 value in GEM-resistant pancreatic cancer cells BxPC-3-GEM and Capan-1-GEM were significantly higher than those in parental cells(P<0.05).In sh-circ-0101216 group,the IC50 values of GEM,cell viability,EdU positivity rate,and the expression levels of MRP1 and BCRP proteins in GEM-resistant pancreatic cancer cells BxPC-3-GEM and Capan-1-GEM were significantly lower than those in blank control group and sh-NC group,while the expression level of hENT-1 protein was significantly higher(P<0.05 or P<0.001).In sh-circ-0101216+GEM group,the weight and volume of subcutaneous xenograft tumors in nude mice,the expression levels and positive expression rates of MRP1 and BCRP proteins in tumor tissues,and the EdU positive rate were significantly lower than those in sh-NC+GEM group,while the expression level and positive expression rate of hENT-1 protein were significantly higher(P<0.05).Conclusions Hsa-circ-0101216 is highly expressed in GEM-resistant pancreatic cancer cell lines.Its knockdown can inhibit the proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells and enhance the chemosensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to GEM.The mechanism may be related to the regulation of transmembrane transporter protein expression.

Objective : To investigate the high-risk human papillomavirus ( HR-HPV) infection and its relationship with vaginal infectious diseases among women and to provide a basis for the prevention and control of cervical canc- er among women in this region． Methods: Uterine exfoliative cells and vaginal secretions were collected from women aged 25－64 years in the resident population ( ≥6 months of residence) who participated in cervical cancer screening and human papillomavirus typing and vaginal microecology tests were performed to compare the status of HPV infections in different age groups．The study subjects were divided into HR-HPV-positive and HR-HPV-nega- tive groups according to whether HR-HPV infection was detected or not，and multifactorial Logistic regression anal- ysis was used to explore the relationship between HR-HPV and vaginal infectious diseases． Results : The HR-HPV infection rate of women in this study was 10. 43% ，and the HR-HPV infection rate of each age group was 14. 34% from 25 to 34 years old，10. 16% from 35 to 44 years old，8. 70% from 45 to 54 years old，and 11. 89% from 55 to 64 years old，and there were differences in the infection rate of HR-HPV among different age groups ( P < 0. 05) ．Among HR-HPV，HPV52，HPV16，HPV58，HPV51，HPV68 were the most common，with 76. 69% of sin- gle infections，18. 02% of dual infections，4. 46% of triple infections，and 0. 83% of quadruple infections．HR- HPV single infections and multiple infections were prevalent in the age group of 25－34 years old and 55－64 years old．HR-HPV mono-infection and multi-infection rates were statistically different between age groups ( P＜0. 05) ． The infection rates of bacterial vaginosis ( BV) and trichomoniasis vaginitis ( TV) were higher in HR-HPV-positive patients ( P ＜0. 05) ． Logistic regression analysis showed that the infection rates of BV ( OR = 1. 560，95% CI: 1. 195－2. 035 ) ，TV ( OR = 2. 208，95% CI: 1. 221 －3. 993 ) were risk factors for HR-HPV infection ( P < 0. 05) ． Conclusion In the screened population of the Fourth Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps，HR-HPV mono-infection is the most prevalent type．Women aged 25－34 and 55－64 years old show higher rates of HR-HPV infection．The most common HR-HPV genotypes，in descending order，are 52，16，58，51，and 68．BV and TV are the two major risk factors closely associated with HR-HPV infection．

This experiment aims to study the taste-masking effects of different kinds of corrigent used individually and in combination on ibuprofen oral solution, in order to optimize the taste-masking formulation. Firstly, a wide range of corrigent and the mass fractions were extensively screened using electronic tongue technology. Subsequently, a combination of sensory evaluation, analytic hierarchy process (AHP)-fuzzy mathematics evaluation, and Box-Behnken experimental design were employed to comprehensively assess the taste-masking effects of different combinations of corrigent on ibuprofen oral solution, optimize the taste-masking formulation, and validate the results. The study received ethical approval from the Review Committee of the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (ethical code: 2024BZYLL0102). The results showed that corrigent fractions and types were screened separately through single-factor experiments. Subsequently, a Box-Behnken response surface design combined with AHP and fuzzy mathematics evaluation was used to fit a functional model: Z = 688.310 11 - 3 023.722 22X₁ - 11.477 00X₂ + 62.721 67X₃ + 14.600 00X₁X₂ - 179.666 67X₁X₃ - 3.152 00X₂X₃ + 4 031.111 11X₁² + 0.525 28X₂² + 9.772 00X₃². This model is stable and reliable, determining the optimal taste-masking formulation to be 3.9 g·L^-1 of stevioside, 100 g L^-1 of xylitol, and 30 g L^-1 of methyl-β-cyclodextrin. The comprehensive score of the verification test is 88.14, with a relative RSD of 0.39%, indicating the feasibility of this model. This study achieved the improvement of the taste of ibuprofen oral solution through a combination of objective and subjective methods. Three types of corrigent were identified for enhancing drug taste, leading to the selection of the optimal taste-masking formulation for ibuprofen oral solution. This significantly enhanced the taste of the original formulation, improved patient compliance, and offered a new approach to mitigating the undesirable taste of formulations.

Background The mental health problems of employees in administrative organs and public institutions are highly valued.However,there is a lack of understanding regarding the mental health status of employees in provincial and municipal administrative organs and public institutions in Qinghai region.Objective To analyze the anxiety and depression of employees in provincial and municipal administrative organs and public institutions in Qinghai region,so as to provide references for promoting their mental health and intervening in psychological problems.Methods From October 23 to 28,2022,a total of 3 096 employees in provincial and municipal administrative organs and public institutions in Qinghai region were enrolled using stratified cluster sampling technique,and were assessed using Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS)and Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS).Results A total of 1797(58.04％)employees in municipal and above administrative organs and public institutions in Qinghai region completed a valid questionnaire survey.Depressive symptoms were noted in 579(32.22％).SDS scores yielded statistical difference among the selected employees of different ethnicities,types of job positions and educational levels(F=9.074,101.488,4.477,P<0.01),and the severity of depressive symptoms also demonstrated statistical difference among the selected employees with different ethnicities,educational levels and types of job positions(H=49.196,17.028,160.848,P<0.01).Anxiety symptoms were detected in 711(39.57％)employees.SAS scores exhibited statistical difference among the employees with different genders,ages,ethnicities,educational levels,marital status and types of job positions(t=-4.571,F=6.648,3.950,5.243,12.008,22.253,P<0.01).Statistical differences were also illustrated in the severity of anxiety symptoms among the selected employees with different ages,genders,ethnicities,educational levels,marital status and types of job positions(H=24.361,-3.788,28.365,24.268,25.976,56.204,P<0.01).Conclusion About one-third of employees in municipal and above administrative organs and public institutions in Qinghai region may have symptoms of depression and anxiety.The depression symptoms are more severe among Tibetan people,those with low education levels and ordinary civil servants.The anxiety symptoms are more severe among employees aged 30 and below,those with low education levels,unmarried and those in technical positions.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of unilateral percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP)combined with 3D printing technology for the treatment of thoracolumbar osteoporotic compression fracture.Methods A total of 77 patients with thoracolumbar osteoporotic compression fractures from October 2020 to April 2022 were included in the study,all of which were vertebral body compression fractures caused by trauma.According to different treatment methods,they were di-vided into experimental group and control group.Thirty-two patients used 3D printing technology to improve unilateral transpedicle puncture vertebroplasty in the experimental group,there were 5 males and 27 females,aged from 63 to 91 years old with an average of(77.59±8.75)years old.Forty-five patients were treated with traditional bilateral pedicle puncture vertebroplasty,including 7 males and 38 females,aged from 60 to 88 years old with an average of(74.89±7.37)years old.Operation time,intraoperative C-arm X-ray times,anesthetic dosage,bone cement injection amount,bone cement diffusion good and good rate,complications,vertebral height,kyphotic angle(Cobb angle),visual analogue scale(VAS),Oswestry disability index(ODI)and other indicators were recorded before and after surgery,and statistically analyzed.Results All patients were followed up for 6 to 23 months,with preoperative imaging studies,confirmed for thoracolumbar osteoporosis com-pression fractures,two groups of patients with postoperative complications,no special two groups of patients'age,gender,body mass index(BMI),time were injured,the injured vertebral distribution had no statistical difference(P＞0.05),comparable data.Two groups of patients with bone cement injection,bone cement dispersion rate,preoperative and postoperative vertebral body height,protruding after spine angle(Cobb angle),VAS,ODI had no statistical difference(P＞0.05).The operative time,intra-operative fluoroscopy times and anesthetic dosage were statistically different between the two groups(P＜0.05).Compared with the traditional bilateral puncture group,the modified unilateral puncture group combined with 3D printing technology had shorter operation time,fewer intraoperative fluoroscopy times and less anesthetic dosage.The height of anterior vertebral edge,kyphosis angle(Cobb angle),VAS score and ODI of the affected vertebrae were statistically different between two groups at each time point after surgery(P＜0.05).Conclusion In the treatment of thoracolumbar osteoporotic compression fractures,3D printing technology is used to improve unilateral puncture PVP,which is convenient and simple,less trauma,short operation time,fewer fluoroscopy times,satisfactory distribution of bone cement,vertebral height recovery and kyphotic Angle correction,and good functional improvement.