OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the association between body mass index (BMI) and mortality based on the 10-year population-based multicenter prospective study. METHODS: A general population-based multicenter prospective study was conducted at four sites in rural China between 2013 and 2023. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic spline analyses were used to assess the association between BMI and mortality. Stratified analyses were performed based on the individual characteristics of the participants. RESULTS: Overall, 19,107 participants with a sum of 163,095 person-years were included and 1,910 participants died. The underweight (< 18.5 kg/m ²) presented an increase in all-cause mortality (adjusted hazards ratio [ aHR] = 2.00, 95% confidence interval [ CI]: 1.66-2.41), while overweight (≥ 24.0 to < 28.0 kg/m ²) and obesity (≥ 28.0 kg/m ²) presented a decrease with an aHR of 0.61 (95% CI: 0.52-0.73) and 0.51 (95% CI: 0.37-0.70), respectively. Overweight ( aHR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.67-0.86) and mild obesity ( aHR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.59-0.87) had a positive impact on mortality in people older than 60 years. All-cause mortality decreased rapidly until reaching a BMI of 25.7 kg/m ² ( aHR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.98) and increased slightly above that value, indicating a U-shaped association. The beneficial impact of being overweight on mortality was robust in most subgroups and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION This study provides additional evidence that overweight and mild obesity may be inversely related to the risk of death in individuals older than 60 years. Therefore, it is essential to consider age differences when formulating health and weight management strategies.
Humans ; Body Mass Index ; China/epidemiology* ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Rural Population/statistics & numerical data* ; Aged ; Follow-Up Studies ; Adult ; Mortality ; Cause of Death ; Obesity/mortality* ; Overweight/mortality*

This study aims to clarify the incidence and prevention status of dairy cow mastitis in 79 large-scale pastures in China in 2022,reduce the incidence of dairy cow mastitis,and provide scien-tific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies for dairy cow mastitis in large-scale pastures suitable for China's national conditions.The research team relied on the large-scale ranch of the Comprehensive Experimental Station of National Dairy Industry Technology System to car-ry out research.A total of 79 questionnaires were received.The information on the stock of large-scale farms,the proportion of cows in the herd,the level of cow yields,the incidence and cure rate of cow mastitis,the prevention and control of cow mastitis,diagnosis and treatment programs of cow mastitis,the cost of treating cow mastitis,and the culling rate of farms was collected.Chi-square test and correlation analysis were carried out on the incidence of mastitis in dairy cows and the prevention and control plan,treatment plan,yield level and elimination rate of mastitis in dairy cows by descriptive statistical cross table.The incidence of cow mastitis in some pastures was con-trolled between 5％and 10％,and the cure rate was mostly as high as 98％.According to the co-hort analysis,the importance of prevention and control measures for dairy cow mastitis was as fol-lows:DMT＞DHI＞milk yield＞milk traits＞breast apparent change＞electrical conductivity＞CMT.The importance of treatment measures for dairy cow mastitis is as follows:DMT＞DHI＞milk yield＞milk traits＞breast apparent changes＞electrical conductivity＞CMT.The importance of treatment measures for mastitis is as follows:traditional Chinese medicine＞pathogen detection and drug sensitivity test＞non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs＞regular maintenance of milking equipment＞normal milking without treatment＞broad-spectrum antibiotics.The incidence of mas-titis in dairy cows is moderately positively correlated with the yield per unit area,that is,the in-crease in the incidence of mastitis in dairy cows has a certain impact on the yield per unit area of dairy cows.Economic analysis shows that the treatment cost of mastitis is closely related to the in-cidence rate,and the treatment cost of pasture with higher incidence rate is higher.Pastures with higher yields usually have more efficient means of disease prevention and control,and the corre-sponding treatment costs are lower.In conclusion,China's large-scale pastures should strengthen the scientific feeding management level,improve the prevention and control methods to reduce the incidence of cow mastitis,improve the cure rate,and reduce the cost of pasture treatment.

Objective To optimize the platelet enrichment method,and to analyze the concentration changes of key molecules in platelet-rich plasma(PRP)before and after activation,as well as the impact of its activated products on the proliferation of rat endothelial progenitor cells.Methods The tube double-centrifu-gation method was employed to optimize platelet enrichment,and the platelet count in the enriched PRP was measured.ELISA was used to detect the concentration changes of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),endostatin(ES),and P-selectin(CD62P)in PRP before and after activation.The PRP was activated by using liquid nitrogen freeze-thaw method,and the effect of its activated products on the proliferation of rat endothelial progenitor cells was evaluated by using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT)assay.Results The optimal enrichment coefficient of platelets achieved by the double-centrifugation method was 4.63.After low-speed,long-duration double centrifugation,the platelet count was highest in the upper layer of the buffy coat.For PRP with a platelet count of 500× 109/L obtained by machine collection,the VEGF con-centrations before and after activation were(3 418.12±488.80)pg/mL and(4 530.04±308.30)pg/mL,re-spectively,the ES concentrations were(6 168.98±253.22)pg/mL and(6 594.65±82.47)pg/mL,respec-tively,the CD62P concentrations were(6 678.23±324.15)pg/mL and(17 630.53±746.24)pg/mL,respec-tively,statistically significant differences were observed in the above indicators before and after activation(P＜0.01).The activated PRP was diluted in a gradient manner by using a specialized culture medium for en-dothelial progenitor cells.MTT assay results indicated that,in the basal medium,the optimal volume fraction for promoting endothelial progenitor cell proliferation was 0.25％after 48 hours of culture;in the complete medium,the optimal volume fractions for promoting endothelial progenitor cell proliferation were 0.062 5％after 24 hours and 0.125％after 48 hours.Conclusion The concentrations of VEGF,ES,and CD62P in the optimized,enriched PRP exhibited significant changes before and after activation.The optimal volume fraction for promoting endothelial progenitor cell proliferation in the basal medium was 0.25％.

This study explored the mechanism of Xiangsha Liujunzi Decoction(XSLJZD) in the treatment of functional dyspepsia(FD) based on inositol-requiring enzyme 1(IRE1)/apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1(ASK1)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK) pathway-mediated autophagy in interstitial cells of Cajal(ICC). Forty-eight SPF-grade male SD suckling rats were randomly divided into a blank group and a modeling group, and the integrated modeling method(iodoacetamide gavage + disturbance of hunger and satiety + swimming exhaustion) was used to replicate the FD rat model. After the model replications were successfully completed, the rats were divided into a model group, high-dose, medium-dose, and low-dose groups of XSLJZD(12, 6, and 3 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)), and a positive drug group(mosapride of 1.35 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)), and the intervention lasted for 14 days. The gastric emptying rate and intestinal propulsion rate of rats in each group were measured. The histopathological changes in the gastric sinus tissue of rats in each group were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining. The ultrastructure of ICC was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The immunofluorescence double staining technique was used to detect the protein expression of phospho-IRE1(p-IRE1), TNF receptor associated factors 2(TRAF2), phospho-ASK1(p-ASK1), phospho-JNK(p-JNK), p62, and Beclin1 in ICC of gastric sinus tissue of rats in each group. Western blot was used to detect the related protein expression of gastric sinus tissue of rats in each group. Compared with those in the blank group, the rats in the model group showed decreased body weight, gastric emptying rate, and intestinal propulsion rate, and transmission electron microscopy revealed damage to the endoplasmic reticulum structure and increased autophagosomes in ICC. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that the ICC of gastric sinus tissue showed a significant elevation of p-IRE1, TRAF2, p-ASK1, p-JNK, and Beclin1 proteins and a significant reduction of p62 protein. Western blot revealed that the expression levels of relevant proteins in gastric sinus tissue were consistent with those of proteins in ICC. Compared with the model group, the body weight of rats in the high-dose and medium-dose groups of XSLJZD was increased, and the gastric emptying rate and intestinal propulsion rate were increased. Transmission electron microscopy observed amelioration of structural damage to the endoplasmic reticulum of ICC and reduction of autophagosomes, and the p-IRE1, TRAF2, p-ASK1, p-JNK, and Beclin1 proteins in the ICC of gastric sinus tissue were significantly decreased. The p62 protein was significantly increased. Western blot revealed that the expression levels of relevant proteins in gastric sinus tissue were consistent with those of proteins in ICC. XSLJZD can effectively treat FD, and its specific mechanism may be related to the inhibition of the expression of molecules related to the endoplasmic reticulum stress IRE1/ASK1/JNK pathway in ICC and the improvement of autophagy to promote gastric motility in ICC.
Animals ; Male ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Autophagy/drug effects* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Interstitial Cells of Cajal/metabolism* ; Dyspepsia/physiopathology* ; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics* ; MAP Kinase Kinase Kinase 5/genetics* ; MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects* ; Humans ; Endoribonucleases/genetics* ; Multienzyme Complexes

This study investigated the incidence,prevention and control measures,diagnostic and treatment methods,and treatment costs of hoof diseases in dairy cows across 87 large-scale farms,aiming to provide a scientific basis and new insights for the treatment and prevention of hoof disea-ses in dairy herds.The results showed that the incidence rate of lameness in most farms was con-trolled between 3％and 7％,with a cure rate above 85％.The importance ranking of prevention and control measures was as follows:hoof trimming＞leveling the ground＞disinfection＞regular foot baths＞manure removal＞locomotion(lameness)scoring.The importance ranking of treat-ment measures was:hoof trimming＞disinfection and astringents＞anti-inflammatory treatment＞antibiotics＞block application＞traditional Chinese medicine(fire therapy).Economic analysis showed that the treatment cost of lameness was closely related to the incidence rate,with higher treatment expenses observed in farms with higher incidence rates.Farms with higher individual milk yields typically had more efficient disease management strategies,leading to lower treatment costs.Large-scale farms should continuously optimize management practices to reduce the occur-rence of lameness and improve overall farm efficiency by using effective treatment strategies.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the incidence of ketosis in dairy cows in large-scale dairy farms and the effect of ketosis on the subsequent lactation performance of dairy cows.In this experiment,79 perinatal cows in 8 stages of prenatal 21,14,7 days,delivery day,postpartum 3,7,14,21 days were selected to determine the blood biochemical indexes such as BHB,GLU,NE-FA and ALT in their blood.According to the concentration of BHB in the blood,they were divided into healthy group(CON),subclinical ketosis group(SCK)and clinical ketosis group(CK).There was a disorder of mineral elements in dairy cows in the experimental ranch,and the liver function of dairy cows was abnormal,and there was a disorder of energy metabolism.The incidence of keto-sis in dairy cows in the survey pasture was 26.14％,of which the incidence of SCK was 19.32％,and the incidence of CK was 6.82％,which was comparable to the global average incidence and lower than the average incidence in China.Compared with CON cows,SCK and CK cows had energy metabolism disorders and abnormal liver function,and CK cows were more serious.The milk yield of dairy cows with ketosis decreased significantly.The milk fat rate of dairy cows in SCK group was higher than that in CON group,while the milk fat rate of dairy cows in CK group was significantly lower than that in CON group.The fat-to-egg ratio of dairy cows in CK group was sig-nificantly lower than that in SCK group and CON group.The changes of lactation performance in different types of ketosis at 6 months after ketosis were different,and the lactation performance of dairy cows in CON group was the most stable.In the production of pastures,timely and effective treatment and management are essential for restoring the health and milk production performance of dairy cows.Ketosis can lead to disorder of energy metabolism and abnormal liver function in dairy cows,reduce milk yield,and have a continuous effect on lactation performance of dairy cows.Maintaining the health of dairy cows is the key to improving milk production and maintaining sta-ble lactation performance.For different types of ketosis cows,corresponding management and treatment measures should be taken to reduce economic losses.

This study aims to clarify the incidence and prevention status of dairy cow mastitis in 79 large-scale pastures in China in 2022,reduce the incidence of dairy cow mastitis,and provide scien-tific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies for dairy cow mastitis in large-scale pastures suitable for China's national conditions.The research team relied on the large-scale ranch of the Comprehensive Experimental Station of National Dairy Industry Technology System to car-ry out research.A total of 79 questionnaires were received.The information on the stock of large-scale farms,the proportion of cows in the herd,the level of cow yields,the incidence and cure rate of cow mastitis,the prevention and control of cow mastitis,diagnosis and treatment programs of cow mastitis,the cost of treating cow mastitis,and the culling rate of farms was collected.Chi-square test and correlation analysis were carried out on the incidence of mastitis in dairy cows and the prevention and control plan,treatment plan,yield level and elimination rate of mastitis in dairy cows by descriptive statistical cross table.The incidence of cow mastitis in some pastures was con-trolled between 5％and 10％,and the cure rate was mostly as high as 98％.According to the co-hort analysis,the importance of prevention and control measures for dairy cow mastitis was as fol-lows:DMT＞DHI＞milk yield＞milk traits＞breast apparent change＞electrical conductivity＞CMT.The importance of treatment measures for dairy cow mastitis is as follows:DMT＞DHI＞milk yield＞milk traits＞breast apparent changes＞electrical conductivity＞CMT.The importance of treatment measures for mastitis is as follows:traditional Chinese medicine＞pathogen detection and drug sensitivity test＞non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs＞regular maintenance of milking equipment＞normal milking without treatment＞broad-spectrum antibiotics.The incidence of mas-titis in dairy cows is moderately positively correlated with the yield per unit area,that is,the in-crease in the incidence of mastitis in dairy cows has a certain impact on the yield per unit area of dairy cows.Economic analysis shows that the treatment cost of mastitis is closely related to the in-cidence rate,and the treatment cost of pasture with higher incidence rate is higher.Pastures with higher yields usually have more efficient means of disease prevention and control,and the corre-sponding treatment costs are lower.In conclusion,China's large-scale pastures should strengthen the scientific feeding management level,improve the prevention and control methods to reduce the incidence of cow mastitis,improve the cure rate,and reduce the cost of pasture treatment.

This study investigated the incidence,prevention and control measures,diagnostic and treatment methods,and treatment costs of hoof diseases in dairy cows across 87 large-scale farms,aiming to provide a scientific basis and new insights for the treatment and prevention of hoof disea-ses in dairy herds.The results showed that the incidence rate of lameness in most farms was con-trolled between 3％and 7％,with a cure rate above 85％.The importance ranking of prevention and control measures was as follows:hoof trimming＞leveling the ground＞disinfection＞regular foot baths＞manure removal＞locomotion(lameness)scoring.The importance ranking of treat-ment measures was:hoof trimming＞disinfection and astringents＞anti-inflammatory treatment＞antibiotics＞block application＞traditional Chinese medicine(fire therapy).Economic analysis showed that the treatment cost of lameness was closely related to the incidence rate,with higher treatment expenses observed in farms with higher incidence rates.Farms with higher individual milk yields typically had more efficient disease management strategies,leading to lower treatment costs.Large-scale farms should continuously optimize management practices to reduce the occur-rence of lameness and improve overall farm efficiency by using effective treatment strategies.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the incidence of ketosis in dairy cows in large-scale dairy farms and the effect of ketosis on the subsequent lactation performance of dairy cows.In this experiment,79 perinatal cows in 8 stages of prenatal 21,14,7 days,delivery day,postpartum 3,7,14,21 days were selected to determine the blood biochemical indexes such as BHB,GLU,NE-FA and ALT in their blood.According to the concentration of BHB in the blood,they were divided into healthy group(CON),subclinical ketosis group(SCK)and clinical ketosis group(CK).There was a disorder of mineral elements in dairy cows in the experimental ranch,and the liver function of dairy cows was abnormal,and there was a disorder of energy metabolism.The incidence of keto-sis in dairy cows in the survey pasture was 26.14％,of which the incidence of SCK was 19.32％,and the incidence of CK was 6.82％,which was comparable to the global average incidence and lower than the average incidence in China.Compared with CON cows,SCK and CK cows had energy metabolism disorders and abnormal liver function,and CK cows were more serious.The milk yield of dairy cows with ketosis decreased significantly.The milk fat rate of dairy cows in SCK group was higher than that in CON group,while the milk fat rate of dairy cows in CK group was significantly lower than that in CON group.The fat-to-egg ratio of dairy cows in CK group was sig-nificantly lower than that in SCK group and CON group.The changes of lactation performance in different types of ketosis at 6 months after ketosis were different,and the lactation performance of dairy cows in CON group was the most stable.In the production of pastures,timely and effective treatment and management are essential for restoring the health and milk production performance of dairy cows.Ketosis can lead to disorder of energy metabolism and abnormal liver function in dairy cows,reduce milk yield,and have a continuous effect on lactation performance of dairy cows.Maintaining the health of dairy cows is the key to improving milk production and maintaining sta-ble lactation performance.For different types of ketosis cows,corresponding management and treatment measures should be taken to reduce economic losses.