Sepsis remains a challenge in critical care worldwide，with intestinal microbiome dysbiosis implicated in its onset，progression，and organ dysfunction. Germ-free （GF） and human microbiota-colonized animals，by eliminating confounding from resident microbiota and combining induction methods such as CLP/LPS/live-bacterial challenge with fecal microbiota transplantation （FMT） and mono- or combined colonization，enable causal tests and dissection of microbiota-host interactions and drug mechanisms. This review summarizes the application of GF and related models in sepsis research. At the immune level，TLR-related signaling and pathogen community-induced suppression of IRF3-dependent defense affect innate immunity and pathogen clearance. At the barrier level，reprogramming of tight junction proteins and increased permeability drive gut-derived amplification. At the metabolic level，short-chain fatty acids and bile acids function as metabolic valves influencing GPR/HDAC signaling. At the epigenetic level，EZH2 and histone deacetylation emerge as druggable targets. We further synthesize anti-sepsis evidence for traditional Chinese medicine （TCM），mainly from conventional animals and clinical studies，discussing how formulae （e.g.，Xuebijing，Shenfu，and Huanglian Jiedu Tang） and active constituents （e.g.，berberine，luteolin，ginsenosides，and resveratrol） may act through microbiota-related and direct host pathways，with FMT/metabolite replenishment enabling further causal testing. Finally，we propose a closed-loop GF-humanized-clinical stratification paradigm for integrated evaluation of microecology，epigenetics，immunity，and organ outcomes，providing a translational path for precision prevention and treatment based on TCM and the microbiome.

Sepsis is one of the common diseases in the intensive care unit (ICU),and its pathophysiological mechanism is characterized by a dysregulated host response to infection leading to multiple organ dysfunction. Statistical data indicate that approximately 20.6％ of ICU patients have sepsis. Sepsis is prone to cause gastrointestinal dysfunction and acute damage to organs such as the lungs,heart,and kidneys. During sepsis,the intestinal mucosal barrier,as an essential component of normal intestinal physiological function,effectively prevents harmful pathogens from entering the organs and the bloodstream,thereby reducing the risk of organ damage associated with sepsis. However,due to this vulnerability,the intestine also becomes one of the first organs attacked by bacteria and viruses. Therefore,maintaining the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier is crucial for improving the absorption of enteral nutrients in patients with severe sepsis and enhancing their ability against microbial entry into the bloodstream,thereby inhibiting the progression of sepsis,which carries significant clinical importance. The Mongolian medicine Bateri-7 is a commonly used formula in Mongolian hospitals in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,known for its antibacterial properties,and is applied in the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as enteritis and pneumonia. This medication is routinely used in our hospital's department of emergency and critical care medicine for treating gastrointestinal dysfunction in sepsis,severe pneumonia,and other intestinal inflammatory diseases. This paper will focus on discussing the definition of sepsis,its pathogenesis,the function of the intestinal barrier,and the therapeutic and protective effects of Mongolian medicine Bateri-7 in addressing intestinal barrier dysfunction in sepsis patients,providing theoretical support for the clinical application of Bateri-7.

Sepsis is one of the common diseases in the intensive care unit (ICU),and its pathophysiological mechanism is characterized by a dysregulated host response to infection leading to multiple organ dysfunction. Statistical data indicate that approximately 20.6％ of ICU patients have sepsis. Sepsis is prone to cause gastrointestinal dysfunction and acute damage to organs such as the lungs,heart,and kidneys. During sepsis,the intestinal mucosal barrier,as an essential component of normal intestinal physiological function,effectively prevents harmful pathogens from entering the organs and the bloodstream,thereby reducing the risk of organ damage associated with sepsis. However,due to this vulnerability,the intestine also becomes one of the first organs attacked by bacteria and viruses. Therefore,maintaining the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier is crucial for improving the absorption of enteral nutrients in patients with severe sepsis and enhancing their ability against microbial entry into the bloodstream,thereby inhibiting the progression of sepsis,which carries significant clinical importance. The Mongolian medicine Bateri-7 is a commonly used formula in Mongolian hospitals in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,known for its antibacterial properties,and is applied in the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as enteritis and pneumonia. This medication is routinely used in our hospital's department of emergency and critical care medicine for treating gastrointestinal dysfunction in sepsis,severe pneumonia,and other intestinal inflammatory diseases. This paper will focus on discussing the definition of sepsis,its pathogenesis,the function of the intestinal barrier,and the therapeutic and protective effects of Mongolian medicine Bateri-7 in addressing intestinal barrier dysfunction in sepsis patients,providing theoretical support for the clinical application of Bateri-7.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of No ha la hu(Mongolian medicine abdominal massage)combined with Ni ru ha(Mongolian medicine enema)in the treatment of incomplete intestinal obstruction.Methods A total of 80 patients with incomplete intestinal obstruction admitted to the department of emergency and critical care medicine of Inner Mongolia International Mongolian Hospital from April 2020 to April 2022 were selected as the study objects,they were randomly divided into control group and observation group,40 cases in each group.The control group was treated with routine modern medicine,and the observation group was treated with mongolian medicine No ha la hu combined with Ni ru ha on the basis of routine treatment.Specific methods:the patient supine position,both lower limbs flexion,natural calm breathing,the doctor stands on the patient's right side,applies a little butter to the palm of his hand,rub hands,massages the abdomen with the middle finger and ring finger at acupoints such as ileocecal point,small intestine point,small intestine point,small intestine point and lower clockwise direction point.Massage the abdomen with the palm for about 20 minutes,once a day for 3 days.No ha la hu was given after the treatment of Ni ru ha(Rhubarb 250 g,Cold water stone 150 g,Sanai 100 g,Facial alkali 100 g,Hyacinth 50 g,Terminalia chebula 50 g),the patients should lie on the left side,raise the buttocks about 10 cm,insert the enema into the rectum 15-20 cm,take the Mongolian medicine Liuweian powder 12 g and warm water 50-100 mL for enema,once a day for 3 days.The difference of relieving time of abdominal pain and distension,time of exhaustion,time of fasting,and time of hospital stay between the two groups were compared,and the clinical effect was observed.Results Relieving time of abdominal pain,abdominal distension,time of exhaust and time of hospital stay in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group[abdominal pain relief time(hours):5.3±1.8 vs.8.1±1.6,abdominal distension relief time(hours):3.2±1.5 vs.6.5±1.9,time of exhaust(days):2.6±1.7 vs.4.1±2.1,hospital stay(days):8.3±2.9 vs.10.1±2.1,all P<0.05],time of fasting in the observation group were shorter than those in the control group(days:2.9±0.5 vs.3.1±0.6,the difference was not statistically significant(all P>0.05).The effective rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group[92.5％(37/40)vs.75.0％(30/40),P<0.05].Conclusion On the basis of routine treatment of western medicine,the treatment of incomplete intestinal obstruction by Mongolian medicine No ha la hu combined with Ni ru ha is more effective,which can effectively restore gastrointestinal function,relieve abdominal pain and other symptoms,and shorten the time of exhaust.

Objective To discuss the feasibility of Mongolian medicine pulse diagnosis in assessment of the disease situation of acute critically ill patients. Methods The clinical data of acute critically ill patients admitted in the Department of Emergency of Inner Mongolia International Mongolian Medical Hospital from December 2015 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed, and the role of Mongolian medicine pulse diagnosis in the evaluation of disease situations of patients with acute critical illness was observed. Results The improved early warning score (MEWS) at admission was carried out for all the patients in the Emergency Department of this hospital, 996 critically ill patients with their MEWS score ≥ 5 scores in accord with the inclusion criteria were allowed to undergo the Mongolian medicine pulse diagnosis, and of them, 654 patients showed specific changes in pulse condition. Shock appeared rapid pulse, microphygmia in pulse diagnosis of Mongolian medicine, severe anemia appeared the slippery pulse and rapid pulse in pulse diagnosis of Mongolian medicine, severe arrhythmia appeared rapid pulse and slow pulse in pulse diagnosis of Mongolian medicine, acute myocardial infarction appeared rapid pulse, weak pulse and slow pulse in pulse diagnosis of Mongolian medicine, insufficiency of heart function appeared rapid pulse and weak pulse in pulse diagnosis of Mongolian medicine, hypertension complicated with cerebral hemorrhage with forceful pulse and pulsus pulse are all suggestive of critical condition. Conclusions The specific changes in pulse condition of patients with acute critical illness in Mongolian medicine are helpful to the assessment of the patient's condition. This method can also be used as one of the tools for rapid assessment of disease situation in critical patients before going to hospital or in the hospital.