Humans ; Herpesvirus 4, Human ; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections/complications* ; Cholangiocarcinoma/pathology* ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic/pathology* ; Bile Duct Neoplasms/pathology*

Humans ; B7-H1 Antigen ; Neoplasms/genetics*

<b>Objective:b> To investigate the clinical outcome and preventive effect of polyetheretherketone(PEEK) rod hybrid surgery on proximal junction failure(PJF) after long-segment fusion of adult spinal deformity. <b>Methods:b> A retrospective study was conducted to analyze patients with degenerative scoliosis/kyphosis who underwent long-segment decompression and fusion surgery at Department of Orthopedics, Peking University First Hospital from January 2017 to December 2021. A total of 75 patients were included in the study, including 14 males and 61 females, aged (67.2±6.8)years (range:55 to 84 years). According to the operation method chosen by the patients, the patients were divided into PEEK rod hybrid group (20 cases) and traditional titanium rod group (55 cases). The general information of the patients was collected, and the coronal and sagittal parameters of the spine were measured before operation, at 1 month after operation, and at the last follow-up. The clinical effect of surgery was judged by the visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI). Whether proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) and PJF occurred during the follow-up and the time of occurrence were recorded. Comparisons between groups were performed using independent sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test, χ² test and Fisher's exact probability method. The data before and after surgery in the same group were compared using the paired sample t test and the Wilcoxon test. <b>Results:b> There were no significant differences in age, gender, body mass index, bone mineral density, distal instrumented vertebrae, surgical segments, osteotomy method, operation time, and intraoperative bleeding between the two groups (all P>0.05). The follow-up time of the PEEK rod group was shorter(M(IQR)16.5(4.8) vs. 25.0(12.0),Z=-4.230,P<0.01). There were no significant differences in coronal, sagittal parameters, VAS and ODI between the two groups before operation (all P>0.05). Postoperative coronal Cobb angle, pelvic incidence, pelvic tilt, sacral slope, lumbar lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, sagittal vertical axis (SVA), VAS and ODI were significantly improved in both groups(all P<0.05). At the last follow-up, the SVA of the PEEK rod hybrid group was(3.74±2.40)cm, which was significantly lower than that of the titanium rod group (6.28±4.06)cm (t'=-3.318, P=0.002). At the last follow-up, the ODI of the PEEK rod hybrid group was 30.7±6.1, significantly better than the titanium rod group 39.3±17.2(t=-3.203, P=0.046). PJK occurred in 2 patients (10.0%) in the PEEK rod hybrid group, and no PJF phenomenon was observed. In the titanium rod group, 18 patients (32.7%) developed PJK, and 11 patients (20.0%) developed PJF. There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of PJF between the PEEK rod hybrid group and the titanium rod group (P=0.031). <b>Conclusions:b> PEEK rod hybrid surgery can achieve good clinical results in the treatment of adult spinal deformities. Compared with traditional titanium rod surgery, it can significantly reduce the incidence of postoperative PJF and improve the clinical function of patients.
Male ; Female ; Animals ; Humans ; Adult ; Retrospective Studies ; Titanium ; Kyphosis/etiology* ; Sacrum ; Osteotomy/adverse effects* ; Spinal Fusion/methods* ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Treatment Outcome ; Postoperative Complications/epidemiology*

<b>Objective:b> To explore the long-term effect of combined surgery for the treatment of congenital tibial pseudarthrosis in children. <b>Methods:b> The clinical data of 44 children with congenital tibial pseudarthrosis who underwent combined surgery (tibial pseudarthrosis tissue resection, intramedullary rod fixation, Ilizarov external fixator fixation, wrapped autologous iliac bone graft) from August 2007 to October 2011 at the Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Hunan Children's Hospital were collected retrospectively. There were 33 males and 11 females. The age at the time of surgery was (3.7±2.2)years (range:0.6 to 12.4 years), including 25 cases under 3 years old and 19 cases above 3 years old.Among them, 37 cases were complicated with neurofibromatosis type 1.The operation status, postoperative complications and follow-up results were recorded. <b>Results:b> The follow-up time after surgery was (10.9±0.7)years (range:10 to 11 years).Thirty-nine out of 44 patients (88.6%) achieved initial healing of tibial pseudarthrosis, with an average healing time of (4.3±1.1)months (range:3 to 10months).In the last follow-up, 36 cases (81.8%) had unequal tibial length, 20 cases (45.4%) had refractures, 18 cases (40.9%) had ankle valgus, 9 cases (20.4%) had proximal tibial valgus, and 11 cases (25.0%) had high arched feet.Nine cases (20.4%) developed distal tibial epiphyseal plate bridging.17 cases (38.6%) had abnormal tibial mechanical axis.Seven cases (15.9%) developed needle infection, and one case (2.3%) developed tibial osteomyelitis. 21 patients (47.7%) had excessive growth of the affected femur.Five patients (11.3%) had ankle stiffness, and 34 patients (77.2%) had intramedullary rod displacement that was not in the center of the tibial medullary cavity.Among them, 8 cases (18.1%) protruded the tibial bone cortex and underwent intramedullary rod removal.18 children have reached skeletal maturity, while 26 children have not been followed up until skeletal maturity. <b>Conclusion:b> Combined surgery for the treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia in children has a high initial healing rate, but complications such as unequal tibia length, refracture, and ankle valgus occur during long-term follow-up, requiring multiple surgical treatments.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Pseudarthrosis/congenital* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Tibia/surgery* ; Neurofibromatosis 1 ; Tibial Fractures/surgery*

Humans ; Lung ; Pneumoconiosis/diagnostic imaging* ; Radiography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Adult ; Automobiles ; Hearing Loss, High-Frequency ; Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced/etiology* ; Humans ; Male ; Noise, Occupational/adverse effects* ; Occupational Diseases ; Occupational Exposure

<b>Objective:b> To describe the genetic structure of populations in different areas of China, and explore the effects of different strategies to control the confounding factors of the genetic structure in cohort studies. <b>Methods:b> By using the genome-wide association study (GWAS) on data of 4 500 samples from 10 areas of the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB), we performed principal components analysis to extract the first and second principal components of the samples for the component two-dimensional diagram generation, and then compared them with the source of sample area to analyze the characteristics of genetic structure of the samples from different areas of China. Based on the CKB cohort data, a simulation data set with cluster sample characteristics such as genetic structure differences and extensive kinship was generated; and the effects of different analysis strategies including traditional analysis scheme and mixed linear model on the inflation factor (λ) were evaluated. <b>Results:b> There were significant genetic structure differences in different areas of China. Distribution of the principal components of the population genetic structure was basically consistent with the geographical distribution of the project area. The first principal component corresponds to the latitude of different areas, and the second principal component corresponds to the longitude of different areas. The generated simulation data showed high false positive rate (λ=1.16), even if the principal components of the genetic structure was adjusted or the area specific subgroup analysis was performed, λ could not be effectively controlled (λ>1.05); while, by using a mixed linear model adjusting for the kinship matrix, λ was effectively controlled regardless of whether the genetic structure principal component was further adjusted (λ=0.99). <b>Conclusions:b> There were large differences in genetic structure among populations in different areas of China. In molecular epidemiology studies, bias caused by population genetic structure needs to be carefully treated. For large cohort data with complex genetic structure and extensive kinship, it is necessary to use a mixed linear model for association analysis.
China ; Genetic Structures ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Principal Component Analysis

<b>Objective:b> To examine the prevalence of 'healthy lifestyle' from data extracted from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) of 0.5 million adults from ten areas across China. <b>Methods:b> After excluding participants with self-reported histories of coronary heart disease, stroke or cancer, a total of 487 198 participants at baseline (2004-2008) and 22 604 participants at second survey (2013- 2014), were included for analysis. 'Healthy lifestyle' was defined as haing the following characteristics: a) never smoking or having stopped smoking for reasons other than illness; b) alcohol drinking <25 g/day (men)/<15 g/day (women); c) diet rich in vegetables, fruits, legumes and fish, but low in red meat; d) upper quarter of the physical activity level; e) body mass index of 18.5-23.9 kg/m(2) and waist circumstance <85 cm (men)/80 cm (women). We calculated the healthy lifestyle scores (HLS) by counting the number of all the healthy lifestyle factors, with a range from 0 to 6. <b>Results:b> At baseline, prevalence rates of the above five healthy lifestyles (except physical activity) were 70.6%, 92.6%, 8.7%, 52.6% and 59.0%, respectively, with the mean HLS being 3.1±1.2. Most participants (81.4%) had2-4 healthy components, while only 0.7% (0.2% in men and 1.0% in women) of all the participants had all six healthy lifestyles. Participants who were women, at younger age, with more schooling and rural residents, were more likely to adhere to the healthy lifestyle. After ten years, the mean HLS showed a slight decrease. <b>Conclusion:b> The prevalence of optimal lifestyles in Chinese adults appeared extremely low. Levels of 'healthy lifestyle' varied greatly among those populations with different socio-demographic characteristics across the ten areas in China.
Adult ; Asian People/statistics & numerical data* ; China ; Female ; Healthy Lifestyle ; Humans ; Life Style ; Male ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors

<b>Objective:b> To understand the situation related to health seeking and diagnosis of imported malaria and to provide practical measures for malaria elimination in Jiangsu province. <b>Methods:b> Data on imported malaria cases in Jiangsu province was retrieved in CISDCP from 2014 to 2016. Relevant information on health seeking behavior, diagnosis and treatment of the disease was gathered. <b>Results:b> A total of 1 068 imported cases were reported in Jiangsu province from 2014 to 2016. Except for one malaria case that was caused by blood transfusion, the rest patients were all recognized as 'imported'. Majority of the cases were migrant laborers working in African countries. The accurate rates on the diagnosis of ovale, vivax and quartan malaria and mixed infection were relatively low, as 79.3% (107/135), 29.5% (18/61), 52.9% (18/34) and 0.0% (0/2) at the primary health care settings, respectively. Rate of seeking health care on the same day of onset was more in 2015 than in 2014 and 2016 (χ(2)=18.6, P=0.001). While only 65.4% (699/1 068) of the patients were diagnosed correctly at the primary health care settings. There appeared no statistical difference in the 3-year-study period (χ(2)=5.4, P=0.246). Capacity on 'correct diagnosis' seemed stronger at the CDC than at the hospital levels (χ(2)=13.2, P=0.000; χ(2)=5.4, P=0.020). Totally, 72.7% (32/44) of the severe falciparum malaria cases did not immediately seek for health care when the symptoms started. <b>Conclusions:b> Migrant workers returning from the high endemic malaria areas seemed to have poor awareness in seeking health care services. Capability on correct diagnosis for malaria at the primary health care settings remained unsatisfactory and staff from these settings needs to receive adequate training.
Adult ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Human Migration ; Humans ; Malaria/transmission* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Plasmodium/isolation & purification* ; Prevalence ; Seasons ; Transients and Migrants ; Travel

Non-syndromic oral clefts (NSOC) are among the most common birth defects. The prevalence of NSOC is 1.13-1.30 per 1 000 live births in China, which is higher than those in other major ethnic groups. The etiology of NSOC is complex and heterogeneous, which involves both genetic and environmental risk factors. Although genome-wide association studies have identified a number of risk loci, these loci can only account for a small proportion of the heritability of NSOC. The next-generation sequencing research provides new ideas for further exploring the genetic risk factors of NSOC. This paper summaries the progress in the next-generation sequencing research of NSOC.
Asian People/genetics* ; China ; Cleft Lip/genetics* ; Cleft Palate/genetics* ; Ethnicity/genetics* ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide