[摘 要] 目的：探讨iSEND免疫评分联合肺癌免疫治疗预后指数（LIPI）在评估非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）接受免疫治疗预后中的价值。方法：通过回顾性分析2018年2月至2023年2月期间100例接受免疫治疗的晚期NSCLC患者的临床资料，收集并整理患者的iSEND免疫评分和LIPI数据，根据iSEND免疫评分和LIPI分别将患者分为3组（不良组、中等组和良好组），运用Kaplan-Meier方法绘制生存曲线分析所有患者和不同组别患者的无进展生存期（PFS），运用Cox回归分析评估影响患者预后的风险因素。结果：在接受免疫治疗后，NSCLC患者的ORR为42.00%（42/100），DCR为82.00%（82/100）。iSEND免疫评分和LIPI不良组ORR和DCR均最低，良好组均最高，不同组别ORR和DCR比较均有统计学意义（均P < 0.01）。100例NSCLC患者的中位PFS为7.63个月[95% CI（7.23, 8.05）]，iSEND免疫评分不良组、中等组和良好组的中位PFS分别为4.69、6.58和8.99个月，iSEND免疫评分良好组的PFS最长，其次为中等组，不良组最短（χ2=125.391，P < 0.000 1）。LIPI不良组、中等组和良好组的中位PFS分别为4.54、6.39和8.49个月，以LIPI良好组的PFS最长，其次为中等组（χ2 = 115.707，P < 0.000 1）。Cox多因素分析提示，ECOG PS > 1、远处转移、iSEND免疫评分≥ 2分和LIPI ≥ 2分是影响患者独立预后的风险因素。结论：iSEND免疫评分和LIPI可作为评估NSCLC免疫治疗预后的良好指标，具有一定的临床价值。

Background: Hearing loss (HL) is one of the most common sensory disorders, affecting over 5-8% of the world's population. Approximately half of HL cases are attributed to genetic factors. In hereditary deafness, about 75-80% is inherited through autosomal recessive inheritance, and common pathogenic genes include GJB2 and SLC26A4. Pathogenic variants in the SLC26A4gene are the leading cause of hereditary hearing loss in humans, second only to the GJB2 gene. Variants in the SLC26A4gene cause hearing loss, which can be non-syndromic autosomal recessive deafness (DFNB4, OMIM #600791) associated with enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) or Pendred syndrome (Pendred, OMIM #605646). DFNB4 is characterized by sensorineural hearing loss combined with EVA or less common cochlear malformation defect. Pendred syndrome is characterized by bilateral sensorineural hearing loss with EVA and an iodine defect that can lead to thyroid goiter. Currently, it is known that EVA is associated with variants in the SLC26A4 gene and is a penetrant feature of SLC26A4-related HL. Predominant mutations in these genes differ significantly across populations. For instance, predominant SLC26A4 mutations differ among populations, including p.T416P and c.1001G>A in Caucasians, p.H723R in Japanese and Koreans, and c.919-2A>G in Han Taiwanese and Han Chinese. On the other hand, there has been no study of hearing loss related to SLC26A4 gene variants among Mongolians, which is the basis of our research. Aim: We aimed to identify the characteristics of the SLC26A4 gene variants in Mongolian people with Enlarged vestibular aqueduct and Mondini malformation. Materials and Methods: In 2022-2024, We included 13 people with hearing loss and enlarged vestibular aqueduct, incomplete cochlea (1.5 turns of the cochlea with cystic apex- incomplete partition type II- Mondini malformation) were examined by CT scan of the temporal bone in our study. WES (Whole exome sequencing) analysis was performed in the Genetics genetic-laboratory of the National Taiwan University Hospital. Results: Genetic analysis revealed 26 confirmed pathogenic variants of bi-allelic SLC26A4 gene of 8 different types in 13 cases, and c.919-2A>G variant was dominant with 46% (12/26) in allele frequency, and c.2027T>A (p.L676Q) variant 19% (5/26), c.1318A>T(p.K440X) variant 11% (3/26), c.1229C>T (p.T410M) variant 8% (2/26) ) , c.716T>A (p.V239D), c.281C>T (p.T94I), c.1546dupC, and c.1975G>C (p.V659L) variants were each 4% (1/26)- revealed. Two male children, 11 years old (SLC26A4: c.919-2A>G) and 7 years old (SLC26A4: c.919-2A>G:, SLC26A4: c.2027T>A (p.L676Q))had history of born normal hearing and progressive hearing loss. Conclusions 1. 26 variants of bi-allelic SLC26A4 gene mutation were detected in Mongolian people with EVA and Mondini malformation, and c.919-2A>G was the most dominant allele variant, and rare variants such as c.1546dupC, c.716T>A (p.V239D) were detected. 2. Our study shows that whole-exome sequencing (WES) can identify gene mutations that are not detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or NGS analysis.

Background: From the perspective of Mongolian medicine, hemorrhagic disease is a symptom of bleeding from any part of the body. This disease was compared to the immune thrombocytopenia disease of modern medicine. The treatment of this disease using two medical methods and the prevention of complications and relapses are issues facing the healthcare sector. In this regard, we have chosen this topic to clarify and prove the mechanism of action of the Mongolian drug Gurgem-8, which is widely used to treat bleeding disorders. Aim: To evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Gurgem-8, in haemostatic treatment. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted using a randomized, controlled (active), open label, single centered clinical trial method. The study was conducted in two phases. First, an acute toxicity study of the Gurgem-8, was conducted in accordance with OECD guideline 423 and evaluated according to GHS classification. A chronic toxicity study was also conducted on Wistar rats (n=20) given the Gurgem-8, at doses of 500 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 150 mg/kg daily for 60 days. Second, a clinical study was conducted on a total of 74 patients, who were randomly divided into 2 groups. The treatment group was given 3 grams of the Gurgem-8, daily, and the comparison group was given 4 capsules of Sheng Xue Xiao Ban Jiao Nang 3 times a day. The results were determined by laboratory methods. The study was conducted with the approval of the Research Ethics Committee of Mongolian National University od Medical Sciences (2024.01.19 №2024/3-01). Results: In the acute toxicity study, Turmeric-8 was found to be of low toxicity according to the GHS classification. No mortality was observed in the chronic toxicity test. As a result of the clinical study, there were significant differences in the blood hemoglobin (χ2=73.923, P<0.001), platelet (χ2=62.465, P<0.001), erythrocyte (χ2=77.113, P<0.001) and leukocyte (χ2=14.771, P<0.001) cell counts between the Gurgem-8, drug group and the comparison group. It was also determined that the platelet (χ2=138.3, P<0.001), erythrocyte (χ2=85.405, P<0.001) and leukocyte (χ2=10.961, P=0.027) cell counts were directly related to the treatment period and the group. When determining the effect on immune cells, there was no significant difference in the lymphocyte cell content before and after treatment (CD4+: t=0.233, P=0.817; CD8+: t=-0.264, P=0.793; CD4/CD8:Z=-0.119, P=0.905). However, the CD4/CD8 ratio was statistically significantly increased in each of the Gurgem-8, drug group and the comparison group (P<0.001, P=0.001). Conclusion In immune thrombocytopenia diseases, the Gurgem-8, has the effect of reducing hemoglobin levels in the blood, increasing platelet counts, reducing CD4+ and CD8+ T cell counts, and increasing the CD4/CD8 ratio.

Objective: Executive function correlates with the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) based on static heart rate variability (HRV) measurements. Our study advances this understanding by employing dynamic assessments of the PNS to explore and quantify its relationship with inhibitory control (IC). Methods: We recruited 31 men aged 20–35 years. We monitored their electrocardiogram (ECG) signals during the administration of the Conners’ Continuous Performance Test-II (CCPT-II) on a weekly basis over 2 weeks. HRV analysis was performed on ECG-derived RR intervals using 5-minute windows, each overlapping for the next 4 minutes to establish 1-minute intervals. For each time window, the HRV metrics extracted were: mean RR intervals, standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN), low-frequency power with logarithm (lnLF), and high-frequency power with logarithm (lnHF). Each value was correlated with detectability and compared to the corresponding baseline value at t0. Results: Compared with the baseline level, SDNN and lnLF showed marked decreases during CCPT-II. The mean values of HRV showed significant correlation with d’, including mean SDNN (R=0.474, p=0.012), mean lnLF (R=0.390, p=0.045), and mean lnHF (R=0.400, p=0.032). In the 14th time window, the significant correlations included SDNN (R=0.578, p=0.002), lnLF (R=0.493, p=0.012), and lnHF (R=0.432, p=0.031). Significant correlation between d’ and HRV parameters emerged only during the initial CCPT-II. Conclusion A significant correlation between PNS and IC was observed in the first session alone. The IC in the repeated CCPT-II needs to consider the broader neural network.

Objective: Executive function correlates with the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) based on static heart rate variability (HRV) measurements. Our study advances this understanding by employing dynamic assessments of the PNS to explore and quantify its relationship with inhibitory control (IC). Methods: We recruited 31 men aged 20–35 years. We monitored their electrocardiogram (ECG) signals during the administration of the Conners’ Continuous Performance Test-II (CCPT-II) on a weekly basis over 2 weeks. HRV analysis was performed on ECG-derived RR intervals using 5-minute windows, each overlapping for the next 4 minutes to establish 1-minute intervals. For each time window, the HRV metrics extracted were: mean RR intervals, standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN), low-frequency power with logarithm (lnLF), and high-frequency power with logarithm (lnHF). Each value was correlated with detectability and compared to the corresponding baseline value at t0. Results: Compared with the baseline level, SDNN and lnLF showed marked decreases during CCPT-II. The mean values of HRV showed significant correlation with d’, including mean SDNN (R=0.474, p=0.012), mean lnLF (R=0.390, p=0.045), and mean lnHF (R=0.400, p=0.032). In the 14th time window, the significant correlations included SDNN (R=0.578, p=0.002), lnLF (R=0.493, p=0.012), and lnHF (R=0.432, p=0.031). Significant correlation between d’ and HRV parameters emerged only during the initial CCPT-II. Conclusion A significant correlation between PNS and IC was observed in the first session alone. The IC in the repeated CCPT-II needs to consider the broader neural network.

Objective: Executive function correlates with the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) based on static heart rate variability (HRV) measurements. Our study advances this understanding by employing dynamic assessments of the PNS to explore and quantify its relationship with inhibitory control (IC). Methods: We recruited 31 men aged 20–35 years. We monitored their electrocardiogram (ECG) signals during the administration of the Conners’ Continuous Performance Test-II (CCPT-II) on a weekly basis over 2 weeks. HRV analysis was performed on ECG-derived RR intervals using 5-minute windows, each overlapping for the next 4 minutes to establish 1-minute intervals. For each time window, the HRV metrics extracted were: mean RR intervals, standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN), low-frequency power with logarithm (lnLF), and high-frequency power with logarithm (lnHF). Each value was correlated with detectability and compared to the corresponding baseline value at t0. Results: Compared with the baseline level, SDNN and lnLF showed marked decreases during CCPT-II. The mean values of HRV showed significant correlation with d’, including mean SDNN (R=0.474, p=0.012), mean lnLF (R=0.390, p=0.045), and mean lnHF (R=0.400, p=0.032). In the 14th time window, the significant correlations included SDNN (R=0.578, p=0.002), lnLF (R=0.493, p=0.012), and lnHF (R=0.432, p=0.031). Significant correlation between d’ and HRV parameters emerged only during the initial CCPT-II. Conclusion A significant correlation between PNS and IC was observed in the first session alone. The IC in the repeated CCPT-II needs to consider the broader neural network.

Objective: Executive function correlates with the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) based on static heart rate variability (HRV) measurements. Our study advances this understanding by employing dynamic assessments of the PNS to explore and quantify its relationship with inhibitory control (IC). Methods: We recruited 31 men aged 20–35 years. We monitored their electrocardiogram (ECG) signals during the administration of the Conners’ Continuous Performance Test-II (CCPT-II) on a weekly basis over 2 weeks. HRV analysis was performed on ECG-derived RR intervals using 5-minute windows, each overlapping for the next 4 minutes to establish 1-minute intervals. For each time window, the HRV metrics extracted were: mean RR intervals, standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN), low-frequency power with logarithm (lnLF), and high-frequency power with logarithm (lnHF). Each value was correlated with detectability and compared to the corresponding baseline value at t0. Results: Compared with the baseline level, SDNN and lnLF showed marked decreases during CCPT-II. The mean values of HRV showed significant correlation with d’, including mean SDNN (R=0.474, p=0.012), mean lnLF (R=0.390, p=0.045), and mean lnHF (R=0.400, p=0.032). In the 14th time window, the significant correlations included SDNN (R=0.578, p=0.002), lnLF (R=0.493, p=0.012), and lnHF (R=0.432, p=0.031). Significant correlation between d’ and HRV parameters emerged only during the initial CCPT-II. Conclusion A significant correlation between PNS and IC was observed in the first session alone. The IC in the repeated CCPT-II needs to consider the broader neural network.

Objective: Executive function correlates with the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) based on static heart rate variability (HRV) measurements. Our study advances this understanding by employing dynamic assessments of the PNS to explore and quantify its relationship with inhibitory control (IC). Methods: We recruited 31 men aged 20–35 years. We monitored their electrocardiogram (ECG) signals during the administration of the Conners’ Continuous Performance Test-II (CCPT-II) on a weekly basis over 2 weeks. HRV analysis was performed on ECG-derived RR intervals using 5-minute windows, each overlapping for the next 4 minutes to establish 1-minute intervals. For each time window, the HRV metrics extracted were: mean RR intervals, standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN), low-frequency power with logarithm (lnLF), and high-frequency power with logarithm (lnHF). Each value was correlated with detectability and compared to the corresponding baseline value at t0. Results: Compared with the baseline level, SDNN and lnLF showed marked decreases during CCPT-II. The mean values of HRV showed significant correlation with d’, including mean SDNN (R=0.474, p=0.012), mean lnLF (R=0.390, p=0.045), and mean lnHF (R=0.400, p=0.032). In the 14th time window, the significant correlations included SDNN (R=0.578, p=0.002), lnLF (R=0.493, p=0.012), and lnHF (R=0.432, p=0.031). Significant correlation between d’ and HRV parameters emerged only during the initial CCPT-II. Conclusion A significant correlation between PNS and IC was observed in the first session alone. The IC in the repeated CCPT-II needs to consider the broader neural network.

[摘 要] 目的：探讨同源重组修复（HRR）基因突变对晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者免疫治疗疗效和预后的影响。方法：收集2018年3月至2023年4月间在郑州大学第一附属医院接受PD-1抑制剂治疗的124例晚期NSCLC患者的临床资料。根据有无HRR基因突变将患者分为突变组（n=57例）和野生组（n=67例），采用卡方检验或Fisher’s精确检验比较两组患者的临床特征及免疫治疗疗效差异，采用Kaplan-Meier方法比较两组患者的PFS，采用单因素和多因素Cox回归分析PFS的影响因素。结果：HRR基因突变组中鳞癌及肿瘤突变负荷（TMB）≥10 mut/Mb的占比显著多于野生组（54.4% vs 32.8%，61.4% vs 29.9%，均P<0.05）。HRR基因突变组与野生组患者的ORR分别为17.5%和10.4%（P=0.252），DCR分别为86.0%和73.1%（P=0.080）。HRR基因突变组与野生组的PFS比较差异具有统计学意义（6.8个月 vs 3.9个月，P<0.001）。多因素分析结果显示，有无HRR基因突变[HR=0.550，95%CI（0.352, 0.860）, P=0.009]与免疫治疗线数[HR=0.468，95%CI（0.312, 0.702）, P<0.001]和PFS显著相关。结论：HRR基因突变组患者的免疫治疗疗效优于野生组患者，HRR基因突变是晚期NSCLC患者免疫治疗预后的独立保护因素。

[摘 要] 目的：研究2型固有淋巴样细胞（ILC2）和髓源性抑制细胞（MDSC）及其相关细胞因子IL-13和诱导型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）在宫颈癌（CC）中的表达，并基于其构建CC发病风险的列线图预测模型。方法：采集2022年5月至2024年1月在新疆医科大学第一附属医院手术切除的40例CC组织及100例外周血作为CC组，选取同期收治的30例子宫肌瘤经CC筛查为阴性的宫颈组织和100例正常健康个体外周血作为对照组。用多重免疫荧光技术（mIF）及免疫组化染色（IHC）法检测两组组织中ILC2和MDSC细胞浸润及其相关细胞因IL-13和iNOS的表达；使用流式细胞术和ELISA技术分别检测两组外周血中ILC2和MDSC及IL-13和iNOS的表达差异；通过Person相关性分析评估其相关性；使用单因素和多因素Logistic分析来确定ILC2和MDSC及IL-13和iNOS是否为CC发病的独立危险因素，再利用R软件建立免疫预测模型，使用ROC曲线下面积（AUC值）、Hosmer-Lemeshow检验、校准曲线、临床决策曲线和临床影响曲线来分别评估模型。结果：CC组中ILC2及MDSC及其相关细胞因子IL-13和iNOS均高于对照组（均P < 0.05），且其均呈正相关（均P < 0.05）；经过单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析显示，ILC2、MDSC及IL-13、iNOS均是CC发病的独立危险因素（均P < 0.05）；基于这些危险因素的CC发病列线图，经过验证提示，该列线图模型具有一定的临床实用价值。结论：ILC2和MDSC及其相关的细胞因子IL-13和iNOS在CC组织及外周血中均呈高表达，基于这些危险因素构建的预测模型具有良好的预测能力和一定的实用性，为CC的早期诊断和治疗提供了一种简便有效的辅助工具。