[摘 要] 免疫细胞介导的药物递送系统是以免疫细胞为载体，利用细胞固有的趋化作用将治疗药物靶向递送至特定病灶部位，因其具有优异的生物相容性、低免疫原性、组织特异性归巢及易穿过生物屏障等多重优势，已成为药物递送和疾病治疗的重要手段。本文系统论述免疫细胞的载药策略和单核细胞、中性粒细胞、间充质干细胞和树突状细胞等作为载体细胞的生物学特性、主要优缺点，以及应用于肿瘤治疗的最新研究进展，为深入研究免疫细胞介导的药物递送系统和临床转化提供重要参考。

[摘 要] 目的：探讨KH型剪切调节蛋白（KHSRP）靶向调控JAK1/STAT3信号轴对食管胃结合部腺癌（AEG）细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭及移植瘤生长与肺转移的影响。方法：收集2017年1月至2018年12月间在淮河医院确诊的64例AEG组织和癌旁组织标本及临床资料，采用免疫组化法观察AEG组织和癌旁组织中KHSRP的表达水平。qPCR法检测AEG细胞OE-19、TE-7、BIC-1、FLO-1、SK-GT-4、BE-3与正常食管上皮细胞Het-1A中KHSRP的表达差异。通过慢病毒载体对KHSRP进行敲减和过表达处理，分别转染OE-19与TE-7细胞、FLO-1与SK-GT-4细胞，实验分为sh-NC组、sh-KHSRP组和Vector组、KHSRP过表达组（KHSRP组）。采用qPCR法检测敲减或过表达效率，CCK-8法、Transwell小室法分别检测敲减或过表达KHSRP对AEG细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的影响。构建小鼠异种移植瘤和肺转移模型，观察KHSRP对移植瘤体内生长和转移的作用。WB法验证KHSRP靶向JAK/STAT信号通路。细胞拯救实验验证KHSRP是否通过调节JAK1/STAT3信号通路促进AEG细胞的恶性进程。结果：与癌旁组织相比，AEG组织中KHSRP表达水平显著增高（P < 0.05或P < 0.01）。细胞功能实验分析显示，KHSRP过表达在体外均显著促进AEG细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭（P < 0.05或P < 0.01）。动物实验结果显示，KHSRP在裸鼠体内具有促进AEG细胞移植瘤生长与肺转移的作用（P < 0.05或P < 0.01）。在敲减KHSRP后，JAK/STAT信号通路中JAK1、STAT3磷酸化水平均明显降低，过表达KHSRP后情况则均反之（P < 0.05或P < 0.01）。细胞拯救实验显示，KHSRP可以逆转敲减JAK1/STAT3对细胞增殖、迁移和侵袭的抑制作用（P < 0.05或P < 0.01）。结论：KHSRP通过激活JAK1/STAT3信号通路调控AEG细胞转移的恶性进程，KHSRP有望成为AEG临床治疗的潜在靶点。

[摘 要] 目的：探究蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶D（PTPRD）去甲基化通过PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路对胃癌细胞增殖、迁移及化疗耐药性的影响。方法：体外培养胃癌细胞MKN-74、MKN-45和人胃黏膜上皮细胞GES-1并检测PTPRD表达。常规培养MKN-45细胞及耐药MKN-45/5-FU细胞，分别转染PTPRD空载体（NC组、NC/5-FU组）、PTPRD过表达腺病毒（PTPRD组、PTPRD/5-FU组）、shRNA空载体（sh-NC组、sh-NC/5-FU组）、shRNA-PTPRD慢病毒（sh-PTPRD组、sh-PTPRD/5-FU组）和PTPRD过表达腺病毒 + 10 μmol/L 740Y-P处理（PTPRD + 740Y-P组、PTPRD + 740Y-P/5-FU组）。MTT法、划痕愈合实验检测各组细胞的增殖活力和迁移能力，细胞自噬实验检测细胞的自噬水平，WB法检测细胞中EMT和PI3K/Akt/mTOR通路相关蛋白的表达。采用0、2.5、5、10、20、40 μmol/L的5-aza处理MKN-45细胞，qPCR法、MTT法检测细胞中PTPRD mRNA表达和细胞增殖活力。结果：PTPRD mRNA和蛋白在胃癌细胞中均呈低表达（P < 0.05）。与MKN-45组相比，PTPRD组自噬体与自噬溶酶体数量、PTPRD、上皮钙黏素（E-cadherin）、BAX蛋白表达均增加（均P < 0.05），细胞增殖活力、细胞迁移率、p-PI3K、波形蛋白（vimentin）、p-Akt、p-mTOR蛋白表达均降低（均P < 0.05），sh-PTPRD组细胞增殖活力、细胞迁移率、p-PI3K、vimentin、p-Akt、p-mTOR蛋白表达均增加（均P < 0.05），自噬体与自噬溶酶体数量、PTPRD、E-cadherin、BAX蛋白表达均减少（均P < 0.05）；与PTPRD组相比，PTPRD + 740Y-P组细胞增殖活力、细胞迁移率、p-PI3K、vimentin、p-Akt、p-mTOR蛋白表达均增加（均P < 0.05），自噬体与自噬溶酶体数量、PTPRD、E-cadherin、BAX蛋白表达减少（均P < 0.05）。随着5-aza浓度的增加，MKN-45细胞中PTPRD mRNA表达增加、细胞增殖活力均降低（均P < 0.05）。与MKN-45/5-FU组相比，PTPRD/5-FU组细胞迁移率、细胞增殖活力均降低（均P < 0.05），sh-PTPRD/5-FU组细胞迁移率、细胞增殖活力均增加（均P < 0.05）；与PTPRD/5-FU组相比，PTPRD + 740Y-P/5-FU组细胞迁移率、细胞增殖活力均增加（均P < 0.05）。结论：PTPRD在胃癌细胞中呈低表达状态，PTPRD去甲基化可能通过抑制PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路抑制胃癌细胞增殖、迁移并增强其对化疗的敏感性。

[摘 要] 目的：探讨iSEND免疫评分联合肺癌免疫治疗预后指数（LIPI）在评估非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）接受免疫治疗预后中的价值。方法：通过回顾性分析2018年2月至2023年2月期间100例接受免疫治疗的晚期NSCLC患者的临床资料，收集并整理患者的iSEND免疫评分和LIPI数据，根据iSEND免疫评分和LIPI分别将患者分为3组（不良组、中等组和良好组），运用Kaplan-Meier方法绘制生存曲线分析所有患者和不同组别患者的无进展生存期（PFS），运用Cox回归分析评估影响患者预后的风险因素。结果：在接受免疫治疗后，NSCLC患者的ORR为42.00%（42/100），DCR为82.00%（82/100）。iSEND免疫评分和LIPI不良组ORR和DCR均最低，良好组均最高，不同组别ORR和DCR比较均有统计学意义（均P < 0.01）。100例NSCLC患者的中位PFS为7.63个月[95% CI（7.23, 8.05）]，iSEND免疫评分不良组、中等组和良好组的中位PFS分别为4.69、6.58和8.99个月，iSEND免疫评分良好组的PFS最长，其次为中等组，不良组最短（χ2=125.391，P < 0.000 1）。LIPI不良组、中等组和良好组的中位PFS分别为4.54、6.39和8.49个月，以LIPI良好组的PFS最长，其次为中等组（χ2 = 115.707，P < 0.000 1）。Cox多因素分析提示，ECOG PS > 1、远处转移、iSEND免疫评分≥ 2分和LIPI ≥ 2分是影响患者独立预后的风险因素。结论：iSEND免疫评分和LIPI可作为评估NSCLC免疫治疗预后的良好指标，具有一定的临床价值。

[摘 要] 幽门螺杆菌（HP）感染与胃癌的发生有着密切的联系。国际癌症研究机构（IARC）将HP归类为1类致癌因子，治疗胃癌和根除HP之间存在密切的关系，根除HP可以显著降低胃癌的发病风险。然而，传统的抗生素治疗策略正面临着耐药性增加和破坏肠道微生态平衡的挑战，这促使科研人员寻求新的治疗策略。环境响应性生物材料作为一种创新的治疗手段，能够根据体内环境的变化智能地调节药物释放，从而提高治疗效果和减少副作用。环境响应性生物材料能够通过多种机制，如pH响应、酶响应、光响应、超声响应和磁响应等，有效杀灭HP，同时保护和修复受损的胃肠道黏膜。此外，环境响应性生物材料在中和胃酸、抑制脲酶活性、破坏细菌膜和生物膜、以及激活自噬机制以清除胞内菌等抗HP机制中都有潜在应用前景。本文对环境响应性生物材料在HP治疗和预防胃癌的发生中的机制和应用及未来发展方向进行述评，以期为相关研究提供新的视角和思路。

[摘 要] 目的：探讨圣草次苷对食管癌KYSE30细胞增殖的影响，并基于铁死亡探讨其可能的作用机制。方法：将食管癌KYSE30细胞分为8组：对照组（常规培养）、RSL3组（用3 μmol/L铁死亡诱导剂RSL3处理）、圣草次苷组（用75 μmol/L圣草次苷处理）、圣草次苷 + Fer-1组（用5 μmol/L铁死亡抑制剂Fer-1 + 75 μmol/L圣草次苷处理）、Fer-1组（用5 μmol/L Fer-1处理）、oe-NC组（转染空白载体对照）、oe-STAT3组（转染STAT3过表达载体）、oe-STAT3 + 圣草次苷组（转染STAT3过表达载体后，用75 μmol/L圣草次苷处理）。采用CCK-8法、EdU掺入实验和克隆形成实验分别检测各组细胞的增殖能力，ELISA检测细胞内铁死亡相关指标的水平，WB法检测STAT3/GPX4通路相关蛋白的表达。构建KYSE30细胞裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型，观察圣草次苷及Fer-1对移植瘤生长的影响。结果：圣草次苷能够抑制KYSE30细胞增殖和克隆形成，增加活性氧（ROS）、丙二醛（MDA）、Fe2+水平，降低谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平（均P < 0.05），并抑制裸鼠移植瘤的生长，这些作用能够被Fer-1所逆转（P < 0.05）。STAT3过表达可消除圣草次苷对铁死亡的诱导效应及其对STAT3/GPX4通路的抑制作用（P < 0.05）。结论：圣草次苷能够通过抑制STAT3/GPX4信号通路来诱导食管癌KYSE30细胞铁死亡，从而在食管癌中发挥显著的抗肿瘤效应。

Background: The annual incidence of stroke in different regions of the world ranges from 100 to 336 per 100,000 pop ulation, and mortality ranges from 36 to 136, and in Mongolia there are 220 new cases of stroke per 100,000 people and 113 deaths annually, making it one of the countries with the high stroke incidence rate. Aim: To conduct a systematic review of published sources on the epidemiology, causes, and risk factors of ischemic stroke in young people. Materials and Methods: The research sources were searched using keywords such as “Stroke”, “Definition”, “Epidemi ology”, “Etiology”, “Risk factors”, “Young Adult”, “Ischemia”, “Hemorrhage”, “Silent stroke” from the works published in international platforms such as Cochrane Library, Datebase, Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, and relevant information and data were selected from the collected sources and a review article was developed. Results: According to the WHO MONICA project report, stroke incidence was reported in 16 countries, with 101–285 men and 47–198 women per 100,000 people aged 35–64 years, while in the United States it was 113.8 per 100,000 people under 55 years, of which 73.1 were cerebral infarctions per 100,000 people, and more than 10 percent were under 55 years. A recent study in Mongolia found that 21–26% of stroke patients were young people (20-50 year old), compared with 10–13% in Western countries. Among the traditional causes and risk factors for stroke in young people, arterial hypertension accounts for 45-60%, smoking 40-60%, alcoholism 40-50%, heart disease 18-30%, dyslipidemia 30%, diabetes 13%, obesity 7-36%; among the specific risk factors, migraine accounts for 10-35%, taking hormonal contraceptives 10-22%, vasculitis 6-10%, blood clotting disorders 2-10%, vascular dissection 6-40%. According to the TOAST classification, large vessel disease accounts for 16-17%, small vessel occlusion 14-15%, cardiac embolism 19-20%, other determined etiologies 22-23% and undetermined 26-27%. Conclusion Epidemiological indicators of stroke vary significantly depending on the level of development of the country, geographical characteristics of the region, lifestyle, age, and gender (stroke incidence rate range: 100–336 per 100,000 population; mortality: 36–136 per 100,000 population). Mongolia is among the countries with high rates of stroke incidence and mortality (incidence rate 220 per 100 000, mortality 113 per 100 000 population). While stroke among young people accounts for 10–13% of all cases in Western countries, this figure reaches 21–26% in Mongolia, which is explained by a combination of traditional and specific risk factors. As stroke is becoming more common among younger populations, it is essential to study its causes and risk factors in detail and to intensify efforts in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

Background: Studies from other countries have identified multiple contributing factors to renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We conducted this study to investigate the relationship between RCC and certain risk factors among the Mongolian population. Aim: To identify the risk factors for renal cell carcinoma in Mongolian individuals. Material and Methods: This case-control study included 88 patients diagnosed with RCC (confirmed by pathological examination) in the case group. The control group consisted of 88 healthy individuals matched by age and gender. A case-control study design was used. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted on the questionnaire results from both groups to identify risk factors for RCC through both univariate and multivariate regression analysis. Results: A total of 176 participants were included in the study-88 with RCC and 88 without cancer. Statistically significant associations with RCC were found for hypertension, urinary tract diseases, alcohol consumption, and smoking. Although weight gain appeared to increase the risk for RCC, this was not statistically significant. Conclusion Individuals with hypertension, a history of urinary tract diseases, smokers, and alcohol users are at a higher risk of developing renal cell carcinoma.

Background: Currently, colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. CRC frequently metastasizes to the liver (50%), lungs (10–15%), peritoneum (4%), bones (10.7%–23.7%), brain (0.3%–6%), and spinal cord. Approximately 35% of CRC cases are diagnosed before distant metastasis, 36% upon lymph node involvement, and 23% after distant organ metastasis. Although several studies have established primary tumor models in mice in our country, there are limited studies on experimental lung metastasis models, prompting the need for this research. Aim: To establish and evaluate a lung metastasis model of colorectal cancer in C57BL/6J mice using the MC38 cell line. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences. Approval was obtained from the Ethics Review Board of the Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences (2023/3-09) and all laboratory safety regulations and protocols were strictly followed. Male C57BL/6J mice bred at the Experimental Animal Center of Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences were used. MC38 murine colorectal carcinoma cells were cultured and injected intravenously (via the tail vein) at a concentration of 0.25×10⁶ cells per mouse (n=12) to induce lung metastasis. Histological analysis was subsequently performed. Results: Histological examination revealed significant alterations in lung tissue architecture, characterized by areas of dense infiltration by pleomorphic, hyperchromatic cells, disrupting the normal alveolar structure. No histological abnormalities were observed in other organs. Conclusion Intravenous injection of MC38 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells into the tail vein of C57BL/6J mice successfully induced lung metastases, characterized by hyperchromatic, pleomorphic cell infiltrates forming glandular structures within the lung parenchyma.

Background: Studies on the risk of kidney stone disease by age and gender show that the prevalence varies by countries and regions, particularly influenced by the conutry development, population diet, etc. In our country, research on kidney stones has been scarce over the past two decades. Aim: To study the age and gender characteristics of patients undergoing surgical treatment for kidney stones. Materials and Methods: Data from a total of 551 individuals who underwent surgical treatment at the Urology Department of the First State Central Hospital over a six-month period (01.01.2024-06.01.2024) were analyzed. The age and gender characteristics of patients diagnosed with kidney stones were studied, and logistic regression was used to test the true probabilities. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 27 software, with a significance level set at 0.05. Results: Kidney stones were present in 12.5% of surgical patients (n=69), while other urological diseases accounted for 87.5% (n=482). The mean age of patients with kidney stones was 46.46±12.6 years, which is relatively younger compared to patients with other urological surgical conditions (mean age=55.77, SD=16.174). Regarding the prevalence of kidney stones by gender, females accounted for 56.5% and males 43.5%. Considering the gender distribution of all patients receiving urological surgical care, females constituted 19.9% compared to 8.5% for males, nearly double the incidence. According to logistic regression analysis, women had a 1.5-fold higher risk of developing kidney stones compared to men (OR=1.5, 95% CI: 1.5–4.2, p<0.01). The highest prevalence was observed in the 36–55-year age group, while individuals aged over 55 years had a significantly lower risk (OR=0.19, 95% CI: 0.10–0.39, p<0.001). Conclusion Kidney stones were identified in 12.5% of individuals who underwent urological surgery. The majority of hospitalized patients with kidney stones were aged 36–55 years, and women comprised 56.5% of these cases.