Male ; Humans ; Avena ; Infertility, Male/genetics* ; Oligospermia/genetics* ; Asthenozoospermia ; Spermatozoa

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of buckwheat-oat-pea (BOP) composite flour [buckwheat ∶ oats ∶ peas=6 ∶ 1 ∶ 1 (quality ratio)] on blood glucose in diabetic rats. METHODS: In this study, 64 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 8 groups by fasting blood glucose (FBG) and body weight: normal control group, model control group, metformin group, buckwheat group, oats group, BOP low-dose group (BOP-L), medium-dose group (BOP-M), and high-dose group (BOP-H). The rats in the normal control group were fed with normal diet, the rats in the model control group and metformin group were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD), and the rats in the buckwheat group, oats group, and BOP-L, BOP-M, BOP-H groups were fed with HFD containing 10% buckwheat flour, 10% oat flour, 3.3% BOP, 10% BOP, 30% BOP, respectively. The HFD in all the groups had the same percentage of energy from fat (45%). After 30 days, the rats fed with HFD received intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg, once a week for two weeks) to establish diabetes mellitus. After the model was successful established, the rats were fed for another 28 days. During the study, the body weight, food intake/body weight (FI/BW) and water intake/body weight (WI/BW), food utilization rate, 24 h urine volume, FBG, glucose area under curve (GAUC) of oral glucose tolerance test were measured regularly. At the end of the study, the fasting serum glucose and insulin were measured, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was calculated. RESULTS: With the inducing of HFD and streptozotocin, compared with the normal control group, the rats in the model control group had higher FI/BW, WI/BW, 24 h urine volume, FBG, GAUC, HOMA-IR (P < 0.05), and lower body weight, food utilization rate (P < 0.05). Compared with the model control group, the rats in the three BOP groups all had higher body weight, food utilization rate (P < 0.05), and lower WI/BW, HOMA-IR (P < 0.05); the rats in the BOP-L and BOP-M groups had lower FI/BW, 24 h urine volume, FBG (P < 0.05), and the rats in the BOP-M group also had lower GAUC (P < 0.05). After the establishment of diabetes, there was no significant difference in blood glucose and the other indicators between the rats in the three BOP groups and the buckwheat group or the oats group (P>0.05). CONCLUSION The BOP had the effects of reducing blood glucose, insulin resistance and diabetic symptoms on diabetic rats, and had the value for further development and utilization.
Animals ; Avena ; Blood Glucose ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects* ; Fagopyrum ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Male ; Peas ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVE: Oxidative stress contributes to male infertility, and antioxidants have been recommended for treating idiopathic oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT). There is, however, a lack of agreement on the type, dosing, and use of individual antioxidants or combinations thereof. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two doses of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on semen parameters and antioxidant status in men with idiopathic OAT. METHODS: In this prospective study, patients with idiopathic OAT received 200 mg/day (n = 35) or 400 mg/day (n = 30) of CoQ10 orally for 3 months. All patients underwent semen analysis according to the fifth editions of the World Health Organization criteria. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT) activity, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were measured both before and after treatment. RESULTS: Treatment with CoQ10 (200 mg/day or 400 mg/day) resulted in a significant increase in sperm concentration from baseline (8.22 ± 6.88 to 12.53 ± 8.11 million/mL, p= 0.019; 7.58 ± 5.41 to 12.33 ± 6.1 million/mL, p= 0.002, respectively), progressive motility (16.54% ±9.26% to 22.58% ±10.15%, p=0.011; 14.22% ±12.85% to 26.1% ±14.52%, p= 0.001, respectively), and total motility (25.68% ± 6.41% to 29.96% ± 8.09%, p= 0.016; 23.46% ± 12.59% to 34.82% ± 14.17%, p= 0.001, respectively). CoQ10 therapy also increased TAC (p= 0.009, p= 0.001, respectively), SOD activity (p= 0.004, p= 0.001, respectively), and CAT activity (p= 0.039, p= 0.024, respectively). Furthermore, antioxidant measures correlated significantly with seminal fluid parameters (r = 0.36–0.76). CONCLUSION: CoQ10 supplementation improved semen parameters and antioxidant status in men with idiopathic OAT, with a greater improvement shown in men who took 400 mg/day than in those who took 200 mg/day.
Animals ; Antioxidants ; Avena ; Catalase ; Cats ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; Male ; Oxidative Stress ; Prospective Studies ; Semen Analysis ; Semen ; Spermatozoa ; Superoxide Dismutase ; World Health Organization

OBJECTIVE: To investigate sperm chromatin/DNA integrity, global DNA methylation, and DNMT mRNA transcription in men with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) compared with normozoospermic men. METHODS: Semen samples from 32 OAT patients who comprised the case group and 32 normozoospermic men who comprised the control group were isolated and purified using a standard gradient isolation procedure according to World Health Organization criteria. DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B transcripts were then compared between groups using real-time quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Global DNA methylation in sperm was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Protamine deficiency and the proportion of apoptotic spermatozoa were evaluated using chromomycin A3 (CMA3), aniline blue (AB), and toluidine blue (TB) staining, as well as the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The p-values < 0.05 were considered to indicate statistical significance. RESULTS: Significantly higher proportions of AB+, TB+, CMA3+, and TUNEL+ spermatozoa, as well as DNMT3A and DNMT3B transcription, were found in the OAT group. Positive correlations were detected between sperm parameters, DNA/chromatin damage, and DNMT3A and DNMT3B transcripts. Global DNA methylation was significantly higher in the OAT patients and had a significant correlation with abnormal results of all sperm chromatin integrity tests, but was not associated with DNMT1, DNMT3A, or DNMT3B expression. CONCLUSION: Oligoasthenoteratozoospermic men showed abnormal sperm parameters, abnormal chromatin/DNA integrity, and a higher global DNA methylation rate, as well as overexpression of DNMT mRNA.
Avena ; Chromatin* ; Chromomycin A3 ; DNA Methylation* ; DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase ; DNA* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Male ; Methylation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger* ; Semen ; Spermatozoa* ; Tolonium Chloride ; World Health Organization

Oral anticoagulant-associated intracerebral hemorrhage (OAC-ICH) accounts for nearly 20% of all ICH. The number of patients with an indication for oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT) increases with increasing age. OAT became less complicate with the introduction of non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOAC) OAT because of easier handling, favorable risk-benefit profile, reduced rates of ICH compared to vitamin K antagonists and no need for routine coagulation testing. Consequently, despite a better safety profile of NOAC the number of patients with OAC-ICH will increase. The mortality and complication rates of OAC-ICH are high and therefore they are the most feared complication of OAT. Immediate normalization of coagulation is the main goal and therefore knowledge of pharmacodynamics and coagulation status is essential. Laboratory measurements of anticoagulant activity in NOAC patients is challenging as specific tests are not widely available. More accessible tests such as the prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time have important limitations. In dabigatran-associated ICH 5 g Idarucizumab should be administered. In rivaroxaban and apixaban-associated ICHs administration of andexanet alpha should be considered. Prothrombin complex concentrate may be considered if andexanet alpha is not available or in case of an ICH associated with edoxaban.
Anticoagulants* ; Antidotes* ; Avena ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; Dabigatran ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Mortality ; Partial Thromboplastin Time ; Prothrombin ; Prothrombin Time ; Rivaroxaban ; Vitamin K

Among solute carrier proteins, the organic anion transporters (OATs) play an important role for the elimination or reabsorption of endogenous and exogenous negatively charged anionic compounds. Among OATs, SLC22A9 (hOAT7) transports estrone sulfate with high affinity. The net decrease of estrogen, especially in post-menopausal women induces rapid bone loss. The present study was performed to search the SNP within exon regions of SLC22A9 in Korean females with osteoporosis. Fifty healthy controls and 50 osteoporosis patients were screened for the genetic polymorphism in the coding region of SLC22A9 using GC-clamped PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Six SNPs were found on the SLC22A9 gene from Korean women with/without osteoporosis. The SNPs were located as follows: two SNPs in the osteoporosis group (A645G and T1277C), three SNPs in the control group (G1449T, C1467T and C1487T) and one SNP in both the osteoporosis and control groups (G767A). The G767A, T1277C and C1487T SNPs result in an amino acid substitution, from synonymous vs nonsynonymous substitution arginine to glutamine (R256Q), phenylalanine to serine (F426S) and proline to leucine (P496L), respectively. The Km values and Vmax of the wild type, R256Q, P496L and F426S were 8.84, 8.87, 9.83 and 12.74 microM, and 1.97, 1.96, 2.06 and 1.55 pmol/oocyte/h, respectively. The present study demonstrates that the SLC22A9 variant F426S is causing inter-individual variation that is leading to the differences in transport of the steroid sulfate conjugate (estrone sulfate) and, therefore this could be used as a marker for certain disease including osteoporosis.
Amino Acid Substitution ; Arginine ; Avena ; Carrier Proteins ; Clinical Coding ; Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ; Estrogens ; Estrone ; Exons ; Female ; Glutamine ; Humans ; Leucine ; Organic Anion Transporters ; Osteoporosis* ; Phenylalanine ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Proline ; Serine

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the intracytoplasmic morphologically selected sperm injection (IMSI) technique compared with conventional ICSI and previous ICSI attempts in oligo-astheno-teratozoospermia (OAT) patients. METHODS: The sperms were selected under high magnification (6,600x) and used to induce fertilization in previous ICSI patients by IMSI. These results were compared with previous conventional ICSI cycles in patients with OAT infertility. RESULTS: These results demonstrated no significant difference in the fertilization rate between IMSI and previous ICSI cycles (67.7% vs. 65.0%). However, the pregnancy and implantation rates with IMSI were significantly higher than those of the ICSI cycles (33.3% vs. 12.5% and 14.6% vs. 5.4%, respectively; p<0.05). The miscarriage rate among pregnant patients (18.2% vs. 37.5%) showed no statistically significant difference between groups. CONCLUSION: Compared to conventional ICSI, this study found that IMSI increased the IVF-ET success rates in patients with OAT.
Abortion, Spontaneous ; Avena ; Female ; Fertilization ; Humans ; Infertility ; Pregnancy ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic* ; Spermatozoa*

Nowadays, oral anticoagulants are commonly prescribed to numerous patients for preventing cardiovascular accident such as thromboembolism. An important side effect of anticoagulant is anti-hemostasis. In a major surgery, the oral anticoagulant therapy (OAT) regimen must be changed before the surgery for proper post-operative bleeding control. However, in a minor dental surgery and endodontic surgery, the necessity for changing or discontinuing the OAT is open to debate. In this study, risks of the consequences were weighed and analyzed. In patients who stop the OAT, the occurrence of thromboembolic complication is rare but the result is fatal. In patients who continuing the OAT, post-operative bleeding can be controlled well with the local hemostatic measures. In the endodontic surgery, there are almost no studies about this issue. The intra-operative bleeding control is particularly important in the endodontic surgery because of its delicate and sensitive procedures such as inspection of resected root surface using dental microscope and retrograde filling. Further studies are necessary about this issue in the viewpoint of endodontic surgery.
Anticoagulants ; Avena ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Thromboembolism

PURPOSE: We evaluated clinical characteristics, sperm retrieval rates, and birth rates in a relatively large number of infertile patients with Y chromosome microdeletions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed clinical data from 213 patients with nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) and 76 patients with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OATS) who were tested for Y chromosome microdeletion from March 2004 to June 2011. RESULTS: Of the 289 patients, 110 patients presented with Y chromosome microdeletion and 179 patients presented with no microdeletion. Among the patients with Y chromosome microdeletions, 83/110 (75.4%) were NOA patients and 27/110 (24.5%) were OATS patients. After subdividing the patients with Y chromosome microdeletion, 29 had azoospermia factor (AZF)b-c microdeletion and 81 had AZFc microdeletion. The sperm retrieval rate was similar between patients with Y chromosome microdeletion and those with no microdeletion (26.6% vs. 25.6%, p=0.298) after multiple testicular sperm extraction (TESE). Excluding 53 patients who did not undergo TESE, 30 patients were analyzed. All of the 9 men with AZFb-c microdeletion had a complete absence of sperm despite multiple TESE. However, multiple TESE was successful for 9 of 21 patients with only AZFc microdeletion (p=0.041). Twenty patients with Y chromosome microdeletion gave birth. CONCLUSIONS: In NOA and OATS patients, no significant difference in the sperm retrieval rate was shown between patients with Y chromosome microdeletion and those with no microdeletion. Patients with short Y chromosome microdeletion such as AZFc microdeletion have better prognoses for sperm retrieval and an increased chance of conception than do patients with larger microdeletions such as AZFb-c microdeletion.
Avena ; Azoospermia ; Birth Rate ; Chromosome Deletion ; Chromosomes, Human, Y ; Fertilization ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; Male ; Parturition ; Prognosis ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Chromosome Aberrations ; Sex Chromosome Disorders of Sex Development ; Sperm Retrieval ; Spermatozoa ; Y Chromosome

PURPOSE: To compare clinical results and to evaluate the factors affecting the clinical results after performing arthroscopic chondroplasty, microfracture, and osteochondral autologus transplantation (OAT) due to a chondral defect of the talus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study enrolled 35 patients (36 cases) diagnosed with a chondral defect of the talus and who could be followed over 12 months after arthroscopic chondroplasty, microfracture, or OAT between March 1998 and December 2007. The arthroscopic chondroplasties were carried out in 14 cases (13 patients), the microfractures were carried out in 12 cases (12 patients) and OAT was carried out in 10 cases (10 patients). The lesion staging used Berndt and Harty classification on simple radiographs and Anderson's classification on magnetic resonance images. Clinical results were evaluated and compared by measuring VAS and AOFAS scores at the time of operation, before the operation, and at the time of follow up. Clinical evaluation included location, size, and stage of each lesion as well as the age of individual patient. RESULTS: There were 13 medial and 23 lateral lesions. The average size of the chondral defects were 1.9 cm2 (range: 1-4 cm2). According to the classification of Berndt and Harty and Anderson, there were 8 stage II, 21 stage III, and 7 stage IV cases. The average follow up period was 15 months (range: 12-30 months). VAS and AOFAS scores showed significant improvement in all treatment groups. However, clinical results according to the operative methods did not show any differences. Lesion size, stage and location, as well as of age of patient had no significant impact on clinical results. CONCLUSION: We concluded that all three procedures, arthroscopic chondroplasty, microfracture, and OAT, are useful for treating a chondral defect of talus. Location of lesion, size, stage and age of patient did not make a significant difference.
Arthroscopy ; Avena ; Cartilage ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Talus ; Transplants