Ultrasound-guided percutaneous lung needle biopsy (US-PLNB) is a pivotal diagnostic technique for subpleural pulmonary lesions, offering significant advantages such as real-time imaging, absence of ionizing radiation, and high operational flexibility. To standardize its clinical application and enhance both procedural safety and diagnostic accuracy, a multidisciplinary panel of experts was convened by eleven authoritative Chinese academic societies, including Chinese Society of Ultrasound in Medicine. Based on the latest domestic and international evidence-based medicine, this panel developed Chinese expert consensus on ultrasound-guided percutaneous lung needle biopsy (2025 edition). This consensus systematically elaborates on the indications and contraindications, preprocedural assessment and preparation, intraoperative techniques, complication prevention and management, and post-procedural care for US-PLNB. Furthermore, it puts forward 18 specific evidence-based recommendations. The primary aim of this consensus is to provide radiologists and clinicians with standardized operational guidance, promote the standardized application of US-PLNB, and ultimately improve patient care for individuals with pulmonary diseases.

The liver is the primary target organ for hematogenous metastasis of colorectal cancer, and colorectal cancer liver metastasis is one of the key and challenging aspects in its treatment. In order to improve the diagnosis and comprehensive treatment of colorectal cancer liver metastasis in China, the guideline development group has summarized advanced experiences and the latest achievements from both domestic and international sources, and has once again revised and updated the Guideline for the diagnosis and comprehensive treatment of colorectal cancer liver metastases (2025 edition) to continuously provide guidance and reference for clinical practice in this field in China.

OBJECTIVE To systematically sort out the drugs causing drug-induced liver injury （DILI） and their relevant information， and to develop the Expert consensus on the medication catalog for drug-induced liver injury and rational drug use （hereinafter referred to as the Consensus）， so as to provide a reference for rational clinical use. METHODS Systematic searches were conducted across various literature databases， guideline retrieval websites and professional liver injury websites. Drugs identified as causing DILI from the included literature and online resources were extracted and assigned scores based on source credibility： three points for LiverTox A-class drugs and two points for B-class drugs； two points for drugs from Hepatox and guidelines； and one point for drugs from consensus and related literature sources. Drugs classified as LiverTox category A/B or with total scores ≥4 were included in the preliminary list of DILI-causing drugs. Opinions were collected and integrated from a multidisciplinary expert panel comprising 45 medical and pharmaceutical experts from 27 provinces across China through three rounds of the Delphi method （including questionnaires and discussion sessions）， and after revision， the final version of Consensus was formed. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS This Consensus included 12 traditional Chinese medicines （TCMs） such as Polygoni Multiflori Radix and Ephedrae Herba， 151 Western medicines including amiodarone and atorvastatin， along with rational use information. For TCM， eight rational use information were included： evidence-based score， liver injury classification based on pathogenesis， liver injury classification based on biochemical abnormality pattern， clinical phenotype， laboratory examination manifestations， latency period， recovery time， and management strategies. For Western medicines， six additional items were included based on the TCM， namely liver function monitoring， discontinuation， contraindications， cautions， dose adjustments， and risk factors， totaling 14 items. This Consensus systematically compiles DILI drugs and their rational use information， which will support clinicians in enhancing the prevention， identification， and management of DILI， reducing the incidence of liver injury， and ensuring patient medication safety and efficacy.

OBJECTIVE To standardize the implementation methods for therapeutic drug monitoring （TDM） of meropenem and ensure the accuracy of TDM results， thereby facilitating the scientific development of individualized treatment regimens for meropenem. METHODS The expert consensus was launched by the Society of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Pharmacists of Chinese Pharmacists Association. The compilation team comprised experts in clinical pharmacy， TDM technology， and pharmaceutical administration， and it was developed in accordance with the relevant recommendations from the methodology handbook of WHO and the guidelines for TDM guidelines development. Twelve clinical questions were selected through a three- round Delphi voting process conducted by the committee， followed by a comprehensive review of relevant original articles， systematic reviews， and guidelines through general databases. The GRADE approach was employed to evaluate the quality of evidence so as to formulate the consensus recommendations. The experts’ opinions were organized， revised and finally formed into a consensus. RESULTS Ultimately， the consensus presented 14 recommendations， mainly regarding all aspects of TDM processes including necessity， method， monitor timing， target PK/PD， medication adjustments based on PK/PD， and the quality control of TDM. CONCLUSIONS This consensus provides standardized methods and process suggestions for meropenem TDM in medical institutions in China， and is of great significance for meropenem individualized drug use， improving clinical efficacy， and ensuring drug safety.

war ; Armed Conflicts ; Nuclear Energy ; Atomic Energy ; Radiation ; Nuclear Weapons

In the past 6 years, significant breakthroughs have been achieved in the treatment of heart failure (HF), especially in drug therapy. The classification of chronic HF and the treatment methods for HF and its complications are also constantly being updated. In order to apply these results to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with HF in China and further improve the level of diagnosis and treatment of HF in China, the HF Group of Chinese Society of Cardiology, Chinese Medical Association, Chinese College of Cardiovascular Physician, Chinese HF Association of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, and Editorial Board of Chinese Journal of Cardiology have organized an expert group and update the consensus and evidence-based treatment methods in the field of HF based on the latest clinical research findings at home and abroad, combined with the national conditions and clinical practice in China, and referring to the latest foreign HF guidelines while maintaining the basic framework of the 2018 Chinese Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of HF.

Heatstroke, a life-threatening illness, poses a significant risk to human health, particularly in high-temperature and high-humidity environments. Timely and effective on-site management is critical for improving patient survival and prognosis. Rapid recognition, rapid assessment, and rapid cooling are the cornerstones of pre-hospital care. However, the absence of a standardized protocol for pre-hospital management of heatstroke has impeded the efficacy of treatment. This consensus, initiated by the Expert Group on Heatstroke Prevention of the People's Liberation Army, signifies a collaborative endeavor involving emergency medical personnel, nurses, and administrators from pre-hospital care, emergency departments, and intensive care units in both military and civilian domains. By systematically reviewing evidence-based medicine and clinical expertise in heatstroke prevention, on-site and in-transit care, as well as early treatment in emergency settings, the group has formulated the Expert consensus on pre-hospital emergency management of heatstroke (2024) after extensive discussions and iterative recommendations, which serve as a scientific and standardized framework for pre-hospital heatstroke emergency care. The consensus underscores the pivotal role of enhancing public awareness regarding heatstroke prevention and augmenting the rates of rapid recognition and rapid cooling for effective on-site heatstroke management. In high-risk industries, regions, or seasons for heatstroke, developing scientifically sound plans and conducting practical training can provide effective safety measures. Emergency personnel should undergo specialized training and assessments in knowledge and skills, ambulances should be equipped with effective cooling devices, and hospitals must maintain comprehensive emergency response capabilities. It is recommended to establish a regional heatstroke treatment network to optimize the allocation of emergency resources and streamline processes, thereby improving treatment outcomes and response times.
Heat Stroke/prevention & control* ; Humans ; Emergency Medical Services ; Consensus

Functional dyspepsia (FD), characterized by persistent or recurrent dyspeptic symptoms without identifiable organic, systemic or metabolic causes, is an increasingly recognized global health issue. The objective of this guideline is to equip clinicians and nursing professionals with evidence-based strategies for the management and treatment of adult patients with FD using traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The Guideline Development Group consulted existing TCM consensus documents on FD and convened a panel of 35 clinicians to generate initial clinical queries. To address these queries, a systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP Database, China Biology Medicine (SinoMed) Database, Wanfang Database, Traditional Medicine Research Data Expanded (TMRDE), and the Traditional Chinese Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System (TCMLARS). The evidence from the literature was critically appraised using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. The strength of the recommendations was ascertained through a consensus-building process involving TCM and allopathic medicine experts, methodologists, pharmacologists, nursing specialists, and health economists, leveraging their collective expertise and empirical knowledge. The guideline comprises a total of 43 evidence-informed recommendations that span a range of clinical aspects, including the pathogenesis according to TCM, diagnostic approaches, therapeutic interventions, efficacy assessments, and prognostic considerations. Please cite this article as: Zhang SS, Zhao LQ, Hou XH, Bian ZX, Zheng JH, Tian HH, Yang GH, Hong WS, He YY, Liu L, Shen H, Li YP, Xie S, Shu J, Zeng BF, Li JX, Liu Z, Xiao ZH, Xiao JD, Zheng PY, Huang SG, Chen SL, Fei GJ. International clinical practice guideline on the use of traditional Chinese medicine for functional dyspepsia (2025). J Integr Med. 2025; 23(5):502-518.
Dyspepsia/drug therapy* ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use*

Objective: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a gynecological, endocrine condition characterized by ovulatory disorders, clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology. PCOS has significant metabolic and reproductive implications that affect the quality of life of women. This PCOS guideline summary is based on the Indonesian Reproductive Endocrinology and Fertility Association guidelines for PCOS. This guideline is expected to guide the diagnosis and long-term management of PCOS. Methods: We searched scientific evidence on the Cochrane and PubMed databases using the keyword “polycystic ovary syndrome”. This evidence was reviewed by experts in the field of obstetrics and gynecology, and recommendations were made based on scientific evidence while considering patient values, costs, and resources. Results: A total of 127 recommendations and practice points were made regarding the diagnosis and management of PCOS. The levels of available health services and management algorithms for PCOS in Indonesia are also included. Conclusion The first-line treatment for managing hyperandrogenism and menstrual disorders in patients with PCOS is combined oral contraceptives. The first-line treatment for ovulation induction is letrozole, while clomiphene citrate, metformin, gonadotropins, and ovarian surgery serve as the second-line treatment. The third-line treatments included in vitro fertilization, with or without in vitro maturation.