As the core vehicle for preserving and transmitting traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） academic thought and clinical experience， the establishment of a robust quality evaluation system for TCM clinical case reports is a crucial component in the current standardization and modernization of TCM. Based on the practical experience of constructing the China Clinical Cases Library of Traditional Chinese Medicine by the China Association of Chinese Medicine， this study conducted a comprehensive analysis of critical challenges， including insufficient authenticity and unfocused evaluation criteria. It proposed a three-dimensional evaluation framework grounded in the structure-process-outcome logic， encompassing three dimensions of authenticity and standardization， characteristics and advantages， application and translational impact. This framework integrated 12 key evaluation indicators in a systematic manner. The model preserved the academic characteristics of TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment， while aligning with modern scientific research standards， achieving a balance between individualized TCM experience and standardized evaluation. Concurrently， this study provided theoretical foundations and methodological guidance for evaluating the quality of TCM clinical cases， contributing significantly to the inheritance of TCM knowledge， evidence-based practice， and the reform of talent evaluation mechanisms.

OBJECTIVE To guide the clinical medication of gastric cancer， enhance patients’ survival rates， improve patients’ quality of life， and provide a reference for clinicians in making treatment decisions. METHODS The nominal group method was employed， wherein members of the expert group from the Department of Oncology at Chongqing University Cancer Hospital collaboratively discussed and established the outline for the preparation of the Expert Consensus on Drug Treatment of Gastric Cancer. The writing team of experts systematically searched， analyzed， and summarized the relevant content outlined， as well as formulated consensus statements based on the current situation in China， clinical needs， and research evidence. After multiple rounds of meetings and discussions， the experts from the Chemotherapy Group of the Chongqing Medical Oncology Branch and the Special Committee on Rare and Difficult Cancers of Chongqing Medical and Biotechnology Association revised the recommendation and ultimately reached the consensus content and recommendation level through voting. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS This consensus encompasses perioperative drug therapy for gastric cancer， first-line drug therapy for advanced metastatic gastric cancer， second-line drug therapy for advanced metastatic gastric cancer， third-line and subsequent drug therapies for advanced gastric cancer， and drug therapy for peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer. The release of this consensus offers standardized management suggestions for the individualized medication of gastric cancer by medical institutions in China， which is of great significance for enhancing the clinical efficacy and medication safety associated with gastric cancer treatment.

Intraoperative cell salvage (IOCS) has been widely applied as an important blood conservation measure in surgical operations. However, there is currently a lack of clinical practice guidelines for the implementation of IOCS in patients with malignant tumors. This report aims to provide clinicians with recommendations on the use of IOCS in patients with malignant tumors based on the review and assessment of the existed evidence. Data were derived from databases such as PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and Wanfang. The guideline development team formulated recommendations based on the quality of evidence, balance of benefits and harms, patient preferences, and health economic assessments. This study constructed seven major clinical questions. The main conclusions of this guideline are as follows: 1) Compared with no perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion (NPABT), perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion (PABT) leads to a more unfavorable prognosis in cancer patients (Recommended); 2) Compared with the transfusion of allogeneic blood or no transfusion, IOCS does not lead to a more unfavorable prognosis in cancer patients (Recommended); 3) The implementation of IOCS in cancer patients is economically feasible (Recommended); 4) Leukocyte depletion filters (LDF) should be used when implementing IOCS in cancer patients (Strongly Recommended); 5) Irradiation treatment of autologous blood to be reinfused can be used when implementing IOCS in cancer patients (Recommended); 6) A careful assessment of the condition of cancer patients (meeting indications and excluding contraindications) should be conducted before implementing IOCS (Strongly Recommended); 7) Informed consent from cancer patients should be obtained when implementing IOCS, with a thorough pre-assessment of the patient's condition and the likelihood of blood loss, adherence to standardized internally audited management procedures, meeting corresponding conditions, and obtaining corresponding qualifications (Recommended). In brief, current evidence indicates that IOCS can be implemented for some malignant tumor patients who need allogeneic blood transfusion after physician full evaluation, and LDF or irradiation should be used during the implementation process.

BACKGROUND: The STAR (Scientific, Transparent, and Applicable Rankings) working group conducts regular evaluations of Chinese guidelines and consensus statements. This study gathered insights from STAR working group members using qualitative interviews. METHODS: From March to August 2023, members of the STAR specialist committees were interviewed using semi-structured interview outline. The interviewees were selected through purpose-based sampling. Subject analysis was employed to summarize the findings. RESULTS: We conducted interviews with 37 members from 36 committees and summarized the contents into four main themes and 16 specific topics. The value of STAR in enhancing the development and selection of high-quality guidelines in China was commonly mentioned. Challenges identified included the lack of resources and suboptimal organizational structures, collaboration, and evaluation efficiency. Suggestions for the STAR tool included developing extensions for different guideline types, adjusting certain items, and better covering guideline applicability. The promotion of STAR and the consideration of an international committee for global outreach were also highlighted. CONCLUSION STAR has exerted a substantial influence on the evaluation of Chinese guidelines, and the insights gained from interviews offer valuable directions for its further enhancement.
Humans ; China ; Qualitative Research ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Interviews as Topic

OBJECTIVE To provide reference for further unifying and standardizing the quality of home-based pharmaceutical services in close-knit regional medical community of Sichuan and Chongqing， and ensuring medication safety of patients. METHODS Under the guidance of the Chongqing Medical Association and the Chongqing Pharmaceutical Administration Quality Control Center， and led by the Bishan Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University and the Yongchuan Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University， 14 medical institutions in the Sichuan-Chongqing region jointly participated. Based on existing regulations， guidelines， and expert consensus， questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the implementation status of home- based pharmaceutical services within the close-knit regional medical community of Sichuan and Chongqing. Subsequently， the Delphi method was employed for expert consultation and the analytic hierarchy process was used to determine indicator weights， ultimately establishing a quality control system for home-based pharmaceutical services in the close-knit regional medical community of Sichuan and Chongqing. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS This consensus has established a quality control system for home-based pharmaceutical services within the close-knit regional medical community of Sichuan and Chongqing， encompassing three dimensions： service qualification evaluation， necessity evaluation， and service quality evaluation. Among them， service quality evaluation serves as the core component of the quality control system， incorporating 16 secondary indicators， which are further classified into 9 core indicators and 7 general indicators based on their significance. Meanwhile， this consensus proposes a phased quality control strategy. Under the framework of the close-knit regional medical community in Sichuan and Chongqing， this strategy takes execution priority and execution effectiveness as 69 its core. It allows for flexible handling of the rigid requirements concerning service qualifications and necessity， thereby providing a unified and operable quality control toolkit for the close-knit regional medical community in Sichuan and Chongqing.

Functional dyspepsia (FD), characterized by persistent or recurrent dyspeptic symptoms without identifiable organic, systemic or metabolic causes, is an increasingly recognized global health issue. The objective of this guideline is to equip clinicians and nursing professionals with evidence-based strategies for the management and treatment of adult patients with FD using traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The Guideline Development Group consulted existing TCM consensus documents on FD and convened a panel of 35 clinicians to generate initial clinical queries. To address these queries, a systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP Database, China Biology Medicine (SinoMed) Database, Wanfang Database, Traditional Medicine Research Data Expanded (TMRDE), and the Traditional Chinese Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System (TCMLARS). The evidence from the literature was critically appraised using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. The strength of the recommendations was ascertained through a consensus-building process involving TCM and allopathic medicine experts, methodologists, pharmacologists, nursing specialists, and health economists, leveraging their collective expertise and empirical knowledge. The guideline comprises a total of 43 evidence-informed recommendations that span a range of clinical aspects, including the pathogenesis according to TCM, diagnostic approaches, therapeutic interventions, efficacy assessments, and prognostic considerations. Please cite this article as: Zhang SS, Zhao LQ, Hou XH, Bian ZX, Zheng JH, Tian HH, Yang GH, Hong WS, He YY, Liu L, Shen H, Li YP, Xie S, Shu J, Zeng BF, Li JX, Liu Z, Xiao ZH, Xiao JD, Zheng PY, Huang SG, Chen SL, Fei GJ. International clinical practice guideline on the use of traditional Chinese medicine for functional dyspepsia (2025). J Integr Med. 2025; 23(5):502-518.
Dyspepsia/drug therapy* ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use*

With the aging population and the increasing prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases,the burden of endocrine and metabolic diseases has become substantial and represents a significant portion of medical insurance management and fund expendi-tures.Since the introduction of the basic medical insurance outpatient special disease protection policy in Chongqing in 2002,23 years have passed.During this period,the evidence base for relevant diseases has gradually expanded,and the concepts of diagnosis and treatment,as well as therapeutic technologies,have undergone considerable updates and transformations.The existing medical insur-ance policy urgently needs to be updated to keep pace with modern medical advancements and to provide patients with more advanced and effective medical security services.Therefore,starting from June 1,2025,the Medical Insurance Bureau of Chongqing Municipal-ity will implement a new medical insurance policy reform.To ensure the smooth implementation and operation of this policy,the Endo-crinology and Diabetes Branches of the Medical Association of Chongqing Municipality have organized experts in endocrine metabo-lism and public health.Under the guidance of the Medical Insurance Bureau,these experts have interpreted the new policies related to the diagnostic criteria and reimbursement scope for outpatient special diseases in the field of endocrine metabolism.By integrating the latest guidelines for endocrine and metabolic diseases with the ac-tual medical practice in Chongqing,and through multiple rounds of expert discussions that combine clinical experience with medical in-surance management insights,a consensus has been reached on key aspects such as the reimbursement directory for outpatient spe-cial diseases,optimization of disease diagnostic pathways,and the implementation of standardized diagnosis and treatment protocols.This consensus aims to promote the establishment of a standardized management system.The goal is to enhance the efficiency of medical insurance fund utilization and the rate of disease management achievement,to standardize diagnostic and treatment practices,to curb unreasonable medical expenditures,and to ensure that medical insurance funds are precisely allocated to improve patients'quality of life.This initiative will help achieve full life cycle management of chronic diseases,support the comprehensive implementation of the"Healthy China 2030"action plan in Chongqing,and provide a regional practice reference for the national medical insurance reform.

Head and neck computed tomography angiography(CTA)has the advantages of minimally invasive,rapid and repeatable,and it's currently the preferred imaging modality for visualizing the vascular a-natomy of the head and neck,as well as diagnosing vascular lesions in this region and their associations with neighboring structures.At present,the medical institutions at different levels are diversified in equipment,and there are great differences in inspection techniques and methods,leading to significant variations in examina-tion techniques and methods,even with the same type of equipment,there are some differences between medi-cal institutions in terms of operation specifications,inspection procedures and image post-processing.Hence,the Imaging Technology Branch of the Chongqing Municipal Medical Association organized the relevant ex-perts,by combining with literatures and clinical practice experience,to form this consensus,aiming at stand-ardizing CTA examination techniques for head and neck and improving image quality.The consensus mainly includes pre-inspection preparation,inspection operation specifications,image quality control standards,and the application of artificial intelligence in head and neck CTA imaging.

OBJECTIVE To further standardize the implementation and management standards of pharmaceutical active consultation in medical institutions and provide a reference for providing high-quality pharmaceutical services. METHODS Guided by the Chongqing Pharmaceutical Association and led by the Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University， a panel of experts consisting of pharmaceutical and medical management professionals from multiple medical institutions was established to discuss the basic requirements， service processes， quality control， and evaluation improvement of pharmaceutical active consultation. The drafting team then organized， summarized， analyzed and revised the opinions， and provided feedback to ultimately form a consensus. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS This consensus provides a detailed exposition of the basic requirements， service processes， quality control， and evaluation improvement of pharmaceutical active consultation， offering standards for the implementation of pharmaceutical active consultation in medical institutions in China， which is of major implications for strengthening the pharmaceutical service capabilities of medical institutions.