OBJECTIVE To provide a basis for the rational use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs （NSAIDs） in the perioperative period， and provide practical methods and technical references for the evaluation and selection of NSAIDs in medical institutions. METHODS Initiated by the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University， Clinical Pharmacy Professional Committee of the Shandong Pharmacists Association， Clinical Individualised Drug Testing and Guidance Branch of the Shandong Medical Association， Comprehensive Clinical Medication Evaluation Working Committee of the Shandong Pharmacists Association， Pain Branch of the Shandong Medical Association in conjunction with several medical institutions in Shandong Province organized 22 pharmaceutical experts and medical experts from 17 hospitals in Shandong Province to form a consensus on the rational use and comprehensive clinical evaluation of NSAIDs in the perioperative period through the literature research method， expert interview method and questionnaire survey method based on evidence-based medicine. A comprehensive clinical evaluation was also conducted on a total of 13 specifications of 9 commonly used clinical drug varieties in Shandong Province， including celecoxib， etoricoxib， imrecoxib， ibuprofen （containing reference/original drugs and national/Shandong Province’s centralized volume-based procurement varieties）. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS A consensus opinion was formed on preoperative prophylactic use and postoperative use of NSAIDs， as well as contraindications， digestive tract risk， cardiovascular system risk， bleeding risk and kidney injury risk in the perioperative period. The evaluation and selection criteria of perioperative use of NSAIDs were established， involving 6 dimensions of safety， efficacy， economy， innovation， appropriateness， and accessibility. The results of comprehensive clinical evaluation showed that the top 6 drugs （scores over 70） were Celecoxib capsules （Celebrex） and Celecoxib capsules （Naiqi）， Diclofenac sodium sustained-release tablets，Etocoxib tablets （Arcoxia） and Etocoxib tablets （Qimingshu）， and Parecoxib sodium for injection. With the progress of clinical research， this consensus will be further updated and adjusted， and medical institutions can combine with the practice to develop a comprehensive clinical evaluation system of NSAIDs suitable for their institutions.

OBJECTIVE To provide guidance for the scientific and standardized application of artificial intelligence （AI） technology in supporting pharmaceutical care services， and to promote the high-quality development of pharmaceutical care. METHODS Using keywords such as “artificial intelligence” and “pharmaceutical care”， a comprehensive search was conducted across domestic and international databases and relevant policy documents. Drawing upon practical experience in AI-assisted pharmaceutical care services in China， a consensus framework and preliminary recommendations were drafted. Consensus was defined as agreement by 70% or more of expert panel members. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS Through two rounds of the Delphi method and multiple rounds of discussions， 23 strong recommendations （approval rate ＞90%） were formulated. These address the definition， scope， objectives， multiple application scenarios （including pharmaceutical outpatient， medication reconciliation， medication education， adverse drug event prediction and monitoring， home-based pharmaceutical care services， and drug supply）， ethical considerations and accountability， challenges encountered， and quality control recommendations for AI-assisted pharmaceutical care. Intended for use by professional technical staff engaged in pharmaceutical care， managers， and AI technology developers within healthcare institutions， these recommendations provide guidance for the practice of pharmaceutical care in the era of AI.

OBJECTIVE To provide reference for further unifying and standardizing the quality of home-based pharmaceutical services in close-knit regional medical community of Sichuan and Chongqing， and ensuring medication safety of patients. METHODS Under the guidance of the Chongqing Medical Association and the Chongqing Pharmaceutical Administration Quality Control Center， and led by the Bishan Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University and the Yongchuan Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University， 14 medical institutions in the Sichuan-Chongqing region jointly participated. Based on existing regulations， guidelines， and expert consensus， questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the implementation status of home- based pharmaceutical services within the close-knit regional medical community of Sichuan and Chongqing. Subsequently， the Delphi method was employed for expert consultation and the analytic hierarchy process was used to determine indicator weights， ultimately establishing a quality control system for home-based pharmaceutical services in the close-knit regional medical community of Sichuan and Chongqing. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS This consensus has established a quality control system for home-based pharmaceutical services within the close-knit regional medical community of Sichuan and Chongqing， encompassing three dimensions： service qualification evaluation， necessity evaluation， and service quality evaluation. Among them， service quality evaluation serves as the core component of the quality control system， incorporating 16 secondary indicators， which are further classified into 9 core indicators and 7 general indicators based on their significance. Meanwhile， this consensus proposes a phased quality control strategy. Under the framework of the close-knit regional medical community in Sichuan and Chongqing， this strategy takes execution priority and execution effectiveness as 69 its core. It allows for flexible handling of the rigid requirements concerning service qualifications and necessity， thereby providing a unified and operable quality control toolkit for the close-knit regional medical community in Sichuan and Chongqing.

OBJECTIVE To standardize the implementation methods for therapeutic drug monitoring （TDM） of meropenem and ensure the accuracy of TDM results， thereby facilitating the scientific development of individualized treatment regimens for meropenem. METHODS The expert consensus was launched by the Society of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Pharmacists of Chinese Pharmacists Association. The compilation team comprised experts in clinical pharmacy， TDM technology， and pharmaceutical administration， and it was developed in accordance with the relevant recommendations from the methodology handbook of WHO and the guidelines for TDM guidelines development. Twelve clinical questions were selected through a three- round Delphi voting process conducted by the committee， followed by a comprehensive review of relevant original articles， systematic reviews， and guidelines through general databases. The GRADE approach was employed to evaluate the quality of evidence so as to formulate the consensus recommendations. The experts’ opinions were organized， revised and finally formed into a consensus. RESULTS Ultimately， the consensus presented 14 recommendations， mainly regarding all aspects of TDM processes including necessity， method， monitor timing， target PK/PD， medication adjustments based on PK/PD， and the quality control of TDM. CONCLUSIONS This consensus provides standardized methods and process suggestions for meropenem TDM in medical institutions in China， and is of great significance for meropenem individualized drug use， improving clinical efficacy， and ensuring drug safety.

Heatstroke, a life-threatening illness, poses a significant risk to human health, particularly in high-temperature and high-humidity environments. Timely and effective on-site management is critical for improving patient survival and prognosis. Rapid recognition, rapid assessment, and rapid cooling are the cornerstones of pre-hospital care. However, the absence of a standardized protocol for pre-hospital management of heatstroke has impeded the efficacy of treatment. This consensus, initiated by the Expert Group on Heatstroke Prevention of the People's Liberation Army, signifies a collaborative endeavor involving emergency medical personnel, nurses, and administrators from pre-hospital care, emergency departments, and intensive care units in both military and civilian domains. By systematically reviewing evidence-based medicine and clinical expertise in heatstroke prevention, on-site and in-transit care, as well as early treatment in emergency settings, the group has formulated the Expert consensus on pre-hospital emergency management of heatstroke (2024) after extensive discussions and iterative recommendations, which serve as a scientific and standardized framework for pre-hospital heatstroke emergency care. The consensus underscores the pivotal role of enhancing public awareness regarding heatstroke prevention and augmenting the rates of rapid recognition and rapid cooling for effective on-site heatstroke management. In high-risk industries, regions, or seasons for heatstroke, developing scientifically sound plans and conducting practical training can provide effective safety measures. Emergency personnel should undergo specialized training and assessments in knowledge and skills, ambulances should be equipped with effective cooling devices, and hospitals must maintain comprehensive emergency response capabilities. It is recommended to establish a regional heatstroke treatment network to optimize the allocation of emergency resources and streamline processes, thereby improving treatment outcomes and response times.
Heat Stroke/prevention & control* ; Humans ; Emergency Medical Services ; Consensus

With the aging population and the increasing prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases,the burden of endocrine and metabolic diseases has become substantial and represents a significant portion of medical insurance management and fund expendi-tures.Since the introduction of the basic medical insurance outpatient special disease protection policy in Chongqing in 2002,23 years have passed.During this period,the evidence base for relevant diseases has gradually expanded,and the concepts of diagnosis and treatment,as well as therapeutic technologies,have undergone considerable updates and transformations.The existing medical insur-ance policy urgently needs to be updated to keep pace with modern medical advancements and to provide patients with more advanced and effective medical security services.Therefore,starting from June 1,2025,the Medical Insurance Bureau of Chongqing Municipal-ity will implement a new medical insurance policy reform.To ensure the smooth implementation and operation of this policy,the Endo-crinology and Diabetes Branches of the Medical Association of Chongqing Municipality have organized experts in endocrine metabo-lism and public health.Under the guidance of the Medical Insurance Bureau,these experts have interpreted the new policies related to the diagnostic criteria and reimbursement scope for outpatient special diseases in the field of endocrine metabolism.By integrating the latest guidelines for endocrine and metabolic diseases with the ac-tual medical practice in Chongqing,and through multiple rounds of expert discussions that combine clinical experience with medical in-surance management insights,a consensus has been reached on key aspects such as the reimbursement directory for outpatient spe-cial diseases,optimization of disease diagnostic pathways,and the implementation of standardized diagnosis and treatment protocols.This consensus aims to promote the establishment of a standardized management system.The goal is to enhance the efficiency of medical insurance fund utilization and the rate of disease management achievement,to standardize diagnostic and treatment practices,to curb unreasonable medical expenditures,and to ensure that medical insurance funds are precisely allocated to improve patients'quality of life.This initiative will help achieve full life cycle management of chronic diseases,support the comprehensive implementation of the"Healthy China 2030"action plan in Chongqing,and provide a regional practice reference for the national medical insurance reform.

OBJECTIVE To provide standardized guidance for the clinical application and management of biosimilars， and promote their widespread and rational use in clinical treatment. METHODS The design， planning， and drafting process as well as the full report of Evidence-based Guideline for the Management of Clinical Application of Biosimilars in China （2024 Edition） followed the WHO Handbook for Guideline Development （2nd edition）， which fully considered the best current evidence from evidence-based medicine， multidisciplinary expert experience， and patient preferences and values. Grading of Recommendations Assessment， Development， and Evaluation （GRADE） approach was adopted to evaluate the quality of evidence and determine the strength of recommendations. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS Evidence-based Guideline for the Management of Clinical Application of Biosimilars in China （2024 Edition） presented 10 recommendations including 7 strong recommendations and 3 weak recommendations. The recommendations covered the entire process of clinical application and management of biosimilars. Medical institutions and relevant health regulatory departments can refer to this guideline for the scientific management of the extrapolation of unapproved indications of biosimilars. Healthcare providers can refer to this guideline for pre-treatment assessments， patient education， pre-treatment regimen before administration， and dosage regimen adjustments. Multidisciplinary medical teams can refer to this guideline to provide pharmacovigilance and patient management throughout the treatment process.

OBJECTIVE To further standardize the implementation and management standards of pharmaceutical active consultation in medical institutions and provide a reference for providing high-quality pharmaceutical services. METHODS Guided by the Chongqing Pharmaceutical Association and led by the Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University， a panel of experts consisting of pharmaceutical and medical management professionals from multiple medical institutions was established to discuss the basic requirements， service processes， quality control， and evaluation improvement of pharmaceutical active consultation. The drafting team then organized， summarized， analyzed and revised the opinions， and provided feedback to ultimately form a consensus. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS This consensus provides a detailed exposition of the basic requirements， service processes， quality control， and evaluation improvement of pharmaceutical active consultation， offering standards for the implementation of pharmaceutical active consultation in medical institutions in China， which is of major implications for strengthening the pharmaceutical service capabilities of medical institutions.

OBJECTIVE To explore the whole-process pharmaceutical care model of iodine contrast medium and promote the rational clinical use of iodine contrast medium. METHODS Clinical Professional Committee on Rational Drug Use of China Medical Education Association and Expert Committee on Drug Evaluation and Clinical Research of Guangdong Pharmaceutical Association organized domestic experts to establish a working group on the Consensus on the whole-process pharmaceutical care for iodine contrast medium. The working group conducted literature searches， evidence-based analysis， and discussions on the development process， indications， contraindications， adverse drug reactions， drug interactions， drug use for special population， pharmaceutical care， and other key topics to summarize the content and process of the whole-process pharmaceutical care for iodine contrast medium. This consensus was ultimately formed. RESULTS The consensus on whole-process pharmaceutical care for iodine contrast medium included an evaluation of the patient， renal function， combined drug use， and hydration regimen before examination， the presence of contrast agent extravasation or suspected acute adverse reactions during examination， observation time points and follow-up after examination， and the presentation of specific work in each stage through pharmaceutical care flowchart. The medication monitoring record form was also formed to record the work situation. CONCLUSIONS The consensus has established a whole-process pharmaceutical care system for iodine contrast medium， providing scientific evidence for clinical physicians and nursing staff in the rational use of such special drugs， and also serving as a reference for pharmacists in providing related pharmaceutical care.

OBJECTIVE To improve the diagnosis and treatment level of critically ill infectious diseases， standardize the clinical application of nanopore sequencing and promote the sound development of the technology. METHODS Division of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of Chinese Pharmacological Society and Expert Committee of Precision Medicine for Clinical Treatment of Guangdong Pharmaceutical Association initiated and organized multidisciplinary experts to discuss and determine the consensus writing outline by using the nominal group method， forming a preliminary consensus draft； expert consultation was performed by using Delphi method， and then experts’ opinions were analyzed and revised to form consensus. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS Consensuses of Experts on the Application of Nanopore Sequencing Technology in the Detection of Pathogenic Microorganisms covers targeted sequencing， metagenomic sequencing and whole genome sequencing， and is standardized in terms of sample collection and storage， detection process， bioinformatics analysis and report interpretation； the recommendations are provided for the key issues.