OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between miR451a and occult hepatitis B virus infection (OBI) in voluntary blood donors, and to provide ideas for the identification of OBI. METHODS: A total of 125 003 blood samples were collected from voluntary blood donors in our center from January 2022 to June 2023, and OBI infection was detected by blood screening. At the same time, 40 HBsAg double reagent reactive samples (S/CO>3.0) were selected as the positive control group, and 40 healthy blood donors were selected as the negative control group (normal group). The plasma miR451a level was detected, and the serum indexes of total bilirubin (TBil), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST). The relationship between miR451a and OBI were analyzed. RESULTS: 54 out of 125 003 blood samples were diagnosed as OBI, and the OBI infection rate was 0.043% (54/125 003). Compared with the normal group, the relative expression of plasma miR451a in the OBI group and the positive control group was down-regulated (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in the relative expression of plasma miR451a between the OBI group and the positive control group (P >0.05). The HBV DNA load, TBil, ALT and AST levels in the positive control group were higher than those in the OBI group and the normal group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in plasma TBil, ALT and AST levels between OBI group and normal group (P >0.05). Logistic regression analysis and receiver operating curve (ROC) showed that plasma miR451a could distinguish OBI group from healthy group, and the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.904 (95%CI : 0.829-0.978). However, plasma miR451a was difficult to distinguish between OBI and HBsAg responders. CONCLUSION Plasma miR451a can be used as a potential biomarker for HBV infection, and can be used to identify OBI in HBsAg non-reactive blood donors.
Humans ; MicroRNAs/blood* ; Blood Donors ; Hepatitis B/blood* ; Hepatitis B virus ; Alanine Transaminase/blood* ; Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood* ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/blood*

OBJECTIVE: To explore the early changes in various liver function indicators in critically injured trauma patients assessed by intelligent calculation method, aiming to develop more advantageous diagnostic and treatment strategies for traumatic liver injury. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted. Critically injured trauma patients [injury severity score (ISS) ≥ 16, age > 18 years old] admitted to the Emergency Medical Center of Tianjin Fifth Central Hospital from January 1, 2022, to December 1, 2023 were enrolled. ISS score and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) assessed by intelligent calculation method were collected upon patient admission to the emergency medical center. Trends in liver function indicators in fasting venous serum were analyzed at 6, 24 and 72 hours after admission, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), albumin (ALB), total bilirubin (TBil), prothrombin time (PT). Patients were grouped based on APACHE II scores into those with APACHE II < 15 and APACHE II ≤ 15, and liver function indicators within 6 hours of admission were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: A total of 112 critically injured trauma patients were included, with 83 males and 29 females, an average age of (47.78±14.84) years old. The median ISS score was 21.0 (18.0, 26.0). The most common cause of injury for critically injured trauma patients was road traffic accidents (68 cases, accounting for 60.71%), followed by falls from heights, compression injuries, heavy object injuries, knife stabs, and explosion injuries. The most common injured areas was the limbs and pelvis (97 cases, accounting for 86.61%), followed by chest injuries, surface skin and soft tissue injuries, abdominal and pelvic organ injuries, head injuries, and facial injuries. The proportion of elevated LDH, AST, and ALT within 6 hours of admission was 77.68%, 79.46%, and 52.68%, respectively, while the proportion of decreased ALB was 75.89%, the abnormal rates of ALP, GGT, TBil, and PT were all below 50%. The ALT and AST levels of patients at 24 hours and 72 hours after admission were significantly lower than those at 6 hours after admission [ALT (U/L): 37.0 (22.0, 66.0), 31.0 (21.2, 52.0) vs. 41.0 (25.0, 71.0), AST (U/L): 55.5 (30.0, 93.5), 40.0 (27.0, 63.2) vs. 69.5 (39.0, 130.8), all P < 0.05]. There was no statistically significant difference in ISS score between APACHE II > 15 group (45 cases) and APACHE II ≤ 15 group [67 cases; 21.0 (18.5, 26.5) vs. 20.0 (17.0, 22.0), P > 0.05]. Nevertheless, compared with patients with APACHE II ≤ 15, patients with APACHE II > 15 have a higher abnormality rate of ALT and AST within 6 hours of admission [ALT abnormal rate: 66.44% (29/45) vs. 44.78% (30/67), AST abnormal rate: 93.33% (42/45) vs. 70.15% (47/67), both P < 0.05], and the levels of ALT and AST were higher [ALT (U/L): 56.0 (30.0, 121.0) vs. 35.0 (21.0, 69.0), AST (U/L): 87.0 (48.0, 233.0) vs. 52.0 (31.0, 117.0), both P < 0.05]. CONCLUSIONS Severe trauma patients frequently exhibit a high incidence of reversible early liver function impairment. Based on intelligent calculation method, the utilization of both the ISS and APACHE II scores demonstrates a distinct advantage in the assessment of their early liver injury.
Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Liver/physiopathology* ; Risk Assessment ; APACHE ; Wounds and Injuries ; Adult ; Injury Severity Score ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Female ; Liver Function Tests ; Alanine Transaminase/blood* ; Young Adult ; Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood*

The saponins in different parts of Gynostemma pentaphyllum were analyzed via UPLC-Q-TOF-MS~E. A total of 46 saponins were identified, and the underground part had 26 saponins more than the aboveground part, most of which were trisaccharide saponins. The rat model of hyperlipidemia was established with high-fat diet. This study explored the lipid-lowering activity of total saponins in the underground part of G. pentaphyllum, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the comprehensive utilization of the underground part of G. pentaphyllum. A total of 99 healthy SD rats were randomly assigned into a blank group, a model group, a positive drug group, an aboveground total saponins group, and low-, medium-, and high-dose underground total saponins groups. Except the blank group, the other groups were fed with high-fat diet for 6 weeks. Then, the blood was collected from the orbital cavity to determine whether the modeling was successful according to the serum levels of total cholesterol(TC) and triglyceride(TG). After intragastric administration of the corresponding agents for 30 continuous days, the physical state of the rats were observed, and the body weight and liver specific gravity were measured. Furthermore, the levels of TC, TG, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), alanine transaminase(ALT), aspartate transaminase(AST), bilirubin, and total bile acids in serum, as well as the levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD), malondialdehyde(MDA), peroxidase proliferator-activated receptor(PPAR-γ) in the liver tissue, were determined. The pathological changes of liver was observed via HE staining. The results showed that the aboveground total saponins and medium-and high-dose underground total saponins can treat hepatocyte steatosis, lower TC, TG, LDL-C, ALT, AST, total bilirubin, MDA, and PPAR-γ levels, and increase HDL-C and SOD levels in the model rats. The effect tended to be more obvious with the increase in dosage. Therefore, the total saponins in the underground part of G. pentaphyllum have good pharmacological effect of reducing blood lipid, which provides a theoretical basis for the comprehensive utilization of the underground part of G. pentaphyllum.
Alanine Transaminase/analysis* ; Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases/analysis* ; Bile Acids and Salts/blood* ; Bilirubin/blood* ; Cholesterol, LDL/blood* ; Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects* ; Gynostemma/chemistry* ; Hypolipidemic Agents/therapeutic use* ; Lipoproteins, HDL/blood* ; Liver/metabolism* ; Malondialdehyde/analysis* ; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors/analysis* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Saponins/therapeutic use* ; Superoxide Dismutase ; Triglycerides/blood* ; Trisaccharides/therapeutic use*

BACKGROUND: A novel coronavirus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), first identified in Wuhan, China, has been rapidly spreading around the world. This study investigates the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients in Zhejiang Province who did or did not have a history of Wuhan exposure. METHODS: We collected data from medical records of confirmed COVID-19 patients in Zhejiang Province from Jan. 17 to Feb. 7, 2020 and analyzed epidemiological, clinical, and treatment data of those with and without recorded recent exposure in Wuhan. RESULTS: Patients in the control group were older than those in the exposure group ((48.19±16.13) years vs. (43.47±13.12) years, P<0.001), and more were over 65 years old (15.95% control vs. 5.60% exposure, P<0.001). The rate of clustered onset was also significantly higher in the control group than in the exposure group (31.39% vs. 18.66%, P<0.001). The symptom of a sore throat in patients in the exposure group was significantly higher than that in the control group (17.30% vs. 10.89%, P=0.01); however, headache in the exposure group was significantly lower than that in the control group (6.87% vs. 12.15%, P=0.015). More patients in the exposure group had a significantly lower level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) than those in the control group. There was no significant difference in any degree of COVID-19 including mild, severe, and critical between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS From the perspective of epidemiological and clinical characteristics, there was no significant difference between COVID-19 patients with and without Wuhan exposure history.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; blood ; Betacoronavirus ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; epidemiology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen, hematocrit, and hemoglobin), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits (calcium, magnesium, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, bilirubin, and albumin). Similar trends were found for the parameters of biochemistries, electrolytes, and blood gas, and they revealed no significant changes after blood withdrawal-induced hemorrhagic shock. However, the TBS group showed more effective ability to correct metabolic acidosis than the NS and RS groups. TBS was a feasible and safe resuscitation solution in this study and may be an alternative to NS and RS for resuscitation in hemorrhagic shock patients without liver damage.]]>
Acidosis ; Alanine Transaminase ; Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Bilirubin ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Carbon Dioxide ; Creatinine ; Electrolytes ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Hematocrit ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Liver ; Magnesium ; Male ; Oxygen ; Potassium ; Rats ; Resuscitation ; Shock, Hemorrhagic ; Sodium

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the clinical characteristics in patients of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) complicated with liver injury, to explore the relationship between COVID-19 clinical classification and liver injury, and to elucidate whether COVID-19 complicated with hepatitis B virus can aggravate liver injury. METHODS: The abnormal liver function in 110 patients in the First Hospital of Changsha, who were confirmed COVID-19 and admitted to the designated hospital from January 17, 2020 to February 20, 2020, wereretrospectively analyzed. The detection indexes included serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin (ALB), and total bilirubin (TBIL). RESULTS: A total of 49.1% of the COVID-19 patients had liver injury. There were significant difference in the ALT, AST, ALB (all <0.05), but there was no significant difference in the TBIL (>0.05) between the severe (critical) patients and the general (light) patients. There was also no significant difference in the liver function injury between the HBsAg-positive COVID-19 patients and HBsAg-negative COVID-19 patients (>0.05). Acute liver injury was not found to be a direct cause of death in the patients. CONCLUSIONS In the COVID-19 patients, the incidence of liver injury is high with the increase of ALT and AST and the decrease of ALB. Severe and critical patients have obvious liver injury, and those patients complicated with hepatitis B virus infection don't show aggravated liver injury.
Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; blood ; Betacoronavirus ; Bilirubin ; blood ; Coronavirus Infections ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Liver ; physiopathology ; virology ; Liver Diseases ; virology ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; diagnosis ; Serum Albumin, Human ; analysis

Objective To examine if the variations at sea level would be able to predict subsequent susceptibility to acute altitude sickness in subjects upon a rapid ascent to high altitude. Methods One hundred and six Han nationality male individuals were recruited to this research. Dynamic electrocardiogram, treadmill exercise test, echocardiography, routine blood examination and biochemical analysis were performed when subjects at sea level and entering the plateau respectively. Then multiple regression analysis was performed to construct a multiple linear regression equation using the Lake Louise Score as dependent variable to predict the risk factors at sea level related to acute mountain sickness (AMS). Results Approximately 49.05% of the individuals developed AMS. The tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (22.0±2.66 vs. 23.2±3.19 mm, t=1.998, P=0.048) was significantly lower in the AMS group at sea level, while count of eosinophil [(0.264±0.393)×10⁹/L vs. (0.126±0.084)×10⁹/L, t=-2.040, P=0.045], percentage of differences exceeding 50 ms between adjacent normal number of intervals (PNN50, 9.66%±5.40% vs. 6.98%±5.66%, t=-2.229, P=0.028) and heart rate variability triangle index (57.1±16.1 vs. 50.6±12.7, t=-2.271, P=0.025) were significantly higher. After acute exposure to high altitude, C-reactive protein (0.098±0.103 vs. 0.062±0.045 g/L, t=-2.132, P=0.037), aspartate aminotransferase (19.7±6.72 vs. 17.3±3.95 U/L, t=-2.231, P=0.028) and creatinine (85.1±12.9 vs. 77.7±11.2 mmol/L, t=-3.162, P=0.002) were significantly higher in the AMS group, while alkaline phosphatase (71.7±18.2 vs. 80.6±20.2 U/L, t=2.389, P=0.019), standard deviation of normal-to-normal RR intervals (126.5±35.9 vs. 143.3±36.4 ms, t=2.320, P=0.022), ejection time (276.9±50.8 vs. 313.8±48.9 ms, t=3.641, P=0.001) and heart rate variability triangle index (37.1±12.9 vs. 41.9±11.1, t=2.020, P=0.047) were significantly lower. Using the Lake Louise Score as the dependent variable, prediction equation were established to estimate AMS: Lake Louise Score=3.783+0.281×eosinophil-0.219×alkaline phosphatase+0.032×PNN50. Conclusions We elucidated the differences of physiological variables as well as noninvasive cardiovascular indicators for subjects after high altitude exposure compared with those at sea level. We also created an acute high altitude reaction early warning equation based on the physiological variables and noninvasive cardiovascular indicators at sea level.
Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Alkaline Phosphatase/blood* ; Altitude ; Altitude Sickness/physiopathology* ; Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood* ; Blood Pressure/physiology* ; C-Reactive Protein/analysis* ; Creatinine/blood* ; Electrocardiography/methods* ; Exercise Test/methods* ; Heart Rate/physiology* ; Humans ; Leukocyte Count ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: Unperforated and perforated acute appendicitis need to be differentiated because appendicitis with a free perforation requires an emergency operation to prevent contamination inside the bowel from spreading into the peritoneal cavity. The sensitivity of imaging tests is not reliable enough alone for determining the existence of a perforation. The aim of this study was to determine the differences in laboratory values between unperforated and perforated acute appendicitis to help distinguish perforated acute appendicitis. METHODS: The laboratory values and demographic data of a total of 175 patients who visited the emergency room and were diagnosed with acute appendicitis were collected. The time elapsed from symptom presentation to the ER visit, length of admission, patient demographics, and laboratory values, including sex, age, leukocyte count, neutrophil %, neutrophil count, C-reactive protein (CRP), platelet count, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time, international normalized ratio (INR), serum glucose, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, total and direct bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase were analyzed. RESULTS: The factors associated with appendix perforations were an elevated leukocyte count, neutrophil count, neutrophil %, CRP, serum glucose and total bilirubin; and delayed PT and INR. CONCLUSION: Acute appendicitis patients without definite imaging evidence of the perforation but with the laboratory values suggesting a perforation, such as elevated leukocyte count, neutrophil count, neutrophil %, CRP, serum glucose, and total bilirubin; and delayed PT, and INR should raise concern for a possible undiscovered perforation.
Abdomen, Acute ; Alanine Transaminase ; Alkaline Phosphatase ; Appendicitis ; Appendix ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; Bilirubin ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; C-Reactive Protein ; Creatinine ; Demography ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Emergencies ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; gamma-Glutamyltransferase ; Humans ; International Normalized Ratio ; Leukocyte Count ; Neutrophils ; Partial Thromboplastin Time ; Patient Admission ; Peritoneal Cavity ; Platelet Count ; Prothrombin Time

To study the mechanism and action of Cinnamomi Ramulus in ameliorating intrahepatic cholestasis induced by α-isothiocyanate( ANIT) in rats by regulating FXR pathway. Forty SD rats were randomly divided into normal group,model group,positive control( ursodeoxycholic acid) group( 60 mg·kg~(-1)),Cinnamomi Ramulus treatment( 60 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)) group,and Cinnamomi Ramulus treatment( 20 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)) group,with 8 rats in each group. Except for the normal control group,the other groups were intragastrically administered with the corresponding concentrations of continuous aqueous solution( 0. 005 m L·g~(-1)),once a day,for 7 days.Except for the normal group,the other groups were treated with ANIT( 100 mg·kg~(-1)),once a day,for 3 days. Blood was taken from the abdominal aorta 24 hours after the last administration,and serum alanine aminotransferase( ALT),aspartate aminotransferase( AST),total bilirubin( TBi L),and total bile acid( TBA) were measured. 1. 5-2 cm of rat liver tissue was taken. After fixation with10% formaldehyde,paraffin-embedded sections were taken,HE staining was performed,and immunohistochemistry( IHC) was used to analyze the expression of FXR. RNA and protein were extracted from rat liver tissue to detect FXR mRNA expression,as well as bile acid synthesis and detoxification,transport related SHP,UGT2 B4,BSEP protein expressions at downstream of FXR. Compared with the normal group,serum ALT,AST,TBi L,and TBA levels were elevated in the model group( P<0. 01),liver damage was severe,FXR protein's optical density decreased,FXR mRNA expression decreased,and SHP,UGT2 B4,BSEP protein expressions were decreased( P<0. 05,P<0. 01). Compared with the model group,the drug group could reduce serum ALT,AST,TB,TBA levels to different degrees( P<0. 05,P<0. 01),alleviate liver tissue damage,increase the optical density of FXR protein,and promote the expressions of FXR mRNA and FXR,SHP,BSEP and UGT2 B4 proteins( P<0. 05,P<0. 01). Cinnamomi Ramulus can alleviate ANIT-induced intrahepatic cholestasis,and reduce hepatocyte injury and serum ALT,AST,TBi L and TBA levels. The mechanism may be through FXR-SHP,FXR-UGT2 B4,FXR-BSEP signaling pathways. Therefore,in the pathogenesis of intrahepatic cholestasis,we can try to further explore in alleviating intrahepatic cholestasis with Cinnamomi Ramulus,so as to provide effective drugs for clinical treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis.
Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; blood ; Bile Acids and Salts ; blood ; Bilirubin ; blood ; Cholestasis, Intrahepatic ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Cinnamomum ; chemistry ; Isothiocyanates ; Liver ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; RNA-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

This study was to investigate the mechanism of safflower yellow injection for regulating inflammatory response against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury( MIRI) in rats. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham operation group,model group,Hebeishuang group,safflower yellow injection high,medium and low dose groups. MIRI model was established by ligating left anterior descending coronary artery. Myocardial histopathological changes were observed by HE staining; myocardial infarct size was detected by TTC staining; content and changes of tumor necrosis factor-α( TNF-α) and interleukin-6( IL-6),serum creatine kinase( CK),aspartate aminotransferase( AST),and lactate dehydrogenase( LDH) were detected by biochemical method or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA). Western blot assay was used to detect the protein expression of Toll-like receptor 4( TLR4) and nuclear factor-κB( NF-κB p65) in myocardial tissues. The results showed that as compared with the sham operation group,the myocardial arrangement of the model group was disordered,with severe edemain the interstitial,significantly increased area of myocardial infarction,increased activities of AST,CK and LDH in serum,and significantly increased contents of TNF-α and IL-6; the expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB( p65) protein in myocardial tissues were also increased. As compared with the model group,the myocardial tissues were arranged neatlyin the Hebeishuang group and safflower yellow injection high,medium and low dose groups; the edema was significantly reduced; the myocardial infarct size was significantly reduced; the serum AST,CK,LDH activity and TNF-α,IL-6 levels were significantly decreased,and the expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB( p65) protein in myocardial tissues were decreased. As compared with the Hebeishuang group,the myocardial infarct size was larger in the safflower yellow injection high,medium and low dose groups; the activities of AST,CK and LDH in serum and the contents of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum were higher,but there was no statistically significant difference in the expression levels of TLR4 and NF-κB( p65) protein in tissues. It is suggested that safflower yellow injection has a significant anti-MIRI effect,and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of TLR-NF-κB pathway to inhibit inflammatory response.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; blood ; Chalcone ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Creatine Kinase ; blood ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; blood ; Male ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; drug therapy ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; metabolism ; Transcription Factor RelA ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism