Objective: This study was aimed at examining the trends and correlates of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors among Chinese children. Methods: A total of 4,341 subjects (6,936 observations) aged 6-17 years who participated in the China Health and Nutrition Survey (2004-2015) were included. Of the subjects, 41% participated in the survey twice or more. Random-effects ordinal regression models and repeated-measures mixed-effects models were used to examine the PA trends. Quantile regression models were applied to examine the factors influencing PA and sedentary behaviors. Results: From 2004 to 2015, the prevalence of physical inactivity among Chinese children aged 6-17 years increased by 5.5% [odds ratio ( Conclusions A declining PA trend among Chinese children aged 6-17 years was observed from 2004 to 2015, and certain subgroups and geographical areas are at higher risk of physical inactivity.
Adolescent ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/statistics & numerical data* ; Child ; Child Behavior/ethnology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Exercise ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Nutrition Surveys ; Regression Analysis ; Sedentary Behavior/ethnology*

OBJECTIVETo study a case with weak D59 phenotype identified among ethnic Han Chinese population.

METHODSRoutine serological tests were used to analyze the reaction patterns, and the RhD epitopes were verified with 12 monoclonal antibodies. Sequence-specific primer PCR was applied for typing the weak RhD and RhD zygosity in the proband and his family members.

RESULTSA c.1148T>C variant was identified in the proband, for which serological test indicated a weak D phenotype. RHD zygosity testing confirmed that the proband had a RHD+ /RHD- genotype.

CONCLUSIONA weak D59 phenotype was firstly identified in a Chinese individual.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; China ; ethnology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phenotype ; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo assess the association of programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1) gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility and/or progression of colorectal cancer.

METHODSA hospital-based case-control study was carried out, which recruited 426 colorectal cancer patients and 500 healthy individuals. Five single nucleotide polymorphisms, namely rs36084323, rs11568821, rs2227981, rs2227982 and rs10204525, were selected for the study and genotyped with a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay.

RESULTSThe G allele of rs36084323 under a dominant model was associated with increased risk of advanced TNM staging of colorectal cancer progression (OR=1.59, 95%CI=1.02-2.48). Haplotypes G-G-C-T-A and A-G-C-C-G of the rs36084323, rs11568821, rs2227981, rs2227982, and rs10204525 were negatively associated with the occurrence of colorectal cancer.

CONCLUSIONThe G allele of rs36084323 is associated with increased risk of advanced TNM staging of colorectal cancer. Conversely, the incidence of colorectal cancer is negatively associated with the haplotypes G-G-C-T-A and A-G-C-C-G of rs36084323, rs11568821, rs2227981, rs2227982, and rs10204525.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; ethnology ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Neoplasm Staging ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo assess the association of polymorphisms of N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine-phospholipase D (DAPE-PLD) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) genes, as well as their interaction, with schizophrenia.

METHODSPolymorphisms of NAPE-PLD rs12540583 and FAAH rs324420, rs2295633, and rs6429600 were determined with PCR - restriction fragment length polymorphism assay and Sanger sequencing. The genotypes of 345 subjects of Han Chinese origin diagnosed with schizophrenia and a 403 controls were compared. The results were analyzed with SPSS 17.0, and the interaction of the two genes was analyzed using a multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method.

RESULTSThe frequency of NAPE-PLD rs12540583 polymorphism was significantly different between the two groups under both dominant and additive models (χ2=17.18 vs. χ2=18.94, P<0.0125). The frequencies of AC genotype and C allele of the patient group at rs12540583 were higher than those of the controls, and the interaction of NAPE-PLD and FAAH was associated with schizophrenia. A four-loci model (rs12540583, rs324420, rs2295633 and rs6429600) can best model the interaction between NAPE-PLD and FAAH.

CONCLUSIONThe AC genotype and C allele of NAPE-PLD rs12540583 locus are risk factors for schizophrenia, and the interaction between NAPE-PLD rs12540583 and FAAH rs324420, rs2295633 and rs6429600 is associated with schizophrenia.

Adult ; Amidohydrolases ; genetics ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; China ; ethnology ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phospholipase D ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Schizophrenia ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo assess the association of polymorphisms of oncostatin M receptor (OSMR) gene with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in a Han Chinese population.

METHODSFor 351 DCM patients and 418 healthy controls, two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the OSMR gene, namely rs2292016 (promoter, -100G/T) and rs2278329 (missense, Asp553Asn), were genotyped with a TaqMan SNP genotyping assay. Two hundred of the patients were also followed up for (49.85 ± 22.52) months.

RESULTSFor rs2292016, carriers of GT genotype were more likely to develop DCM compared to those with GG and TT genotypes (OR=1.45, 95%CI: 1.09-1.92, P=0.01). For those who did not receive cardiac resynchronization therapy, the GG genotype of rs2292016 was an independent indicator for poor prognosis (OR=1.69, 95%CI: 1.11-2.63, P=0.017). No association was found between genotypes of rs2278329 with the susceptibility or prognosis of DCM.

CONCLUSIONPolymorphisms of the OSMR rs2292016 locus are related to the development and outcome of DCM.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated ; etiology ; genetics ; China ; ethnology ; Genotype ; Humans ; Oncostatin M Receptor beta Subunit ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

INTRODUCTIONWe studied the effects of ethnicity on early infant growth patterns in exclusively breast-fed (EBF) infants from a Singaporean multiethnic population. This was a prospective cohort study conducted in National University Hospital, Singapore.

MATERIALS AND METHODSHealthy, EBF infants born at-term completing 37 weeks and above, and whose birthweight was appropriate for gestational age (>10 centile, <90 centile) were recruited. Infants were required to be EBF at least until the minimum age of weaning. All infants who were preterm and premature, formula-fed, required Intensive/High Dependency care, or born with major congenital anomalies were excluded. A multivariable linear regression analysis was conducted at 5 predetermined time-points (birth; 4-8 weeks; 3-4, 5-8, 12 months) to study the effects of antenatal/parental factors on infant growth.

RESULTSA total of 213 infants were recruited. Maternal age, height and body mass index positively influenced birthweights while maternal hypertension and paternal smoking negatively influenced birthweights. Mean duration of breastfeeding was 8.9 months. Chinese ethnicity did not influence birth anthropometry, but was the single consistent factor that significantly increased weight and length Z-scores from 4-8 weeks until 8 months of life. Chinese ethnicity did not influence head growth throughout the first year of life.

CONCLUSIONEBF Chinese infants have increased weights and lengths compared to non-Chinese infants until 8 months' age, despite similar birth anthropometry. This period of discrepant growth coincides with the average duration of breastfeeding. We hypothesise that ethnic variations in breast milk macronutrient composition influence early somatic growth in infants.

Anthropometry ; methods ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; statistics & numerical data ; Birth Weight ; Body Mass Index ; Breast Feeding ; ethnology ; Child Development ; physiology ; Ethnic Groups ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Singapore ; epidemiology

The objective of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the China-PAR equations in predicting the 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the Inner Mongolians population. A population-based, prospective cohort of 2,589 Mongolians were followed up from 2003 to 2012. Participants were categorized into 4 subgroups according to their 10-year CVD risks calculated using the China-PAR equations: < 5%, 5%-9.9%, 10%-19.9%, and ⪖ 20%. The China-PAR equations discriminated well with good C statistics (range, 0.76-0.86). The adjusted hazard ratios for CVD showed an increasing trend among the 4 subgroups (P for trend < 0.01). However, the China-PAR equations underestimated the 10-year CVD risk in Mongolians, and the calibration was unsatisfactory (Hosmer-Lemeshow χ2 = 19.98, P < 0.01 for men, χ2 = 46.58, P < 0.001 for women). The performance of the China-PAR equations warrants further validation in other ethnic groups in China.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; epidemiology ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; epidemiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mongolia ; ethnology ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors

BACKGROUND: Interleukin (IL)-37, also called IL1F7, is a natural inhibitor of inflammatory and immune responses. It is involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aimed to investigate the role of IL1F7 gene polymorphism in RA susceptibility in a large cohort of patients. METHODS: Five selected single-nucleotide polymorphisms in IL1F7 genes (rs2723186, rs3811046, rs4241122, rs4364030, and rs4392270) were genotyped by TaqMan Allelic Discrimination in Northern Chinese Han population. The allele and the genotype were compared between patients with RA and healthy controls. Association analyses were performed on the entire data set and on different RA subsets based on the status of the anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody and the rheumatoid factor by logistic regression, adjusting for age and gender. RESULTS: Trend associations were detected between rs2723186, rs4241122, rs4392270, and RA in Stage I (160 patients with RA; 252 healthy controls). Further validation in Stage II comprised 730 unrelated patients with RA (mean age: 54.9 ± 12.6 years; 81.6% females) and 778 unrelated healthy individuals (mean age: 53.5 ± 15.7 years; 79.5% females). No significant differences in the distributions of alleles and genotypes were observed between the case and control groups in both the entire set and the different RA subsets. Disease activity and age of RA onset were also not associated with genotype distributions. CONCLUSION IL1F7 gene polymorphism does not significantly influence RA susceptibility in the Northern Chinese Han population.
Adult ; Aged ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; genetics ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; ethnology ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Interleukin-1 ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; genetics ; Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; China ; ethnology ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Vitiligo ; genetics

The isolated type of orofacial cleft, termed non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P), is the second most common birth defect in China, with Asians having the highest incidence in the world. NSCL/P involves multiple genes and complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors, imposing difficulty for the genetic assessment of the unborn fetus carrying multiple NSCL/P-susceptible variants. Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have uncovered dozens of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci in different ethnic populations, the genetic diagnostic effectiveness of these SNPs requires further experimental validation in Chinese populations before a diagnostic panel or a predictive model covering multiple SNPs can be built. In this study, we collected blood samples from control and NSCL/P infants in Han and Uyghur Chinese populations to validate the diagnostic effectiveness of 43 candidate SNPs previously detected using GWAS. We then built predictive models with the validated SNPs using different machine learning algorithms and evaluated their prediction performance. Our results showed that logistic regression had the best performance for risk assessment according to the area under curve. Notably, defective variants in MTHFR and RBP4, two genes involved in folic acid and vitamin A biosynthesis, were found to have high contributions to NSCL/P incidence based on feature importance evaluation with logistic regression. This is consistent with the notion that folic acid and vitamin A are both essential nutritional supplements for pregnant women to reduce the risk of conceiving an NSCL/P baby. Moreover, we observed a lower predictive power in Uyghur than in Han cases, likely due to differences in genetic background between these two ethnic populations. Thus, our study highlights the urgency to generate the HapMap for Uyghur population and perform resequencing-based screening of Uyghur-specific NSCL/P markers.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; China ; ethnology ; Cleft Lip ; genetics ; Cleft Palate ; genetics ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Humans ; Infant ; Logistic Models ; Machine Learning ; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2) ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma ; genetics ; Risk Assessment