It has been found that the incidence of cardiovascular disease in patients with lower limb amputation is significantly higher than that in normal individuals, but the relationship between lower limb amputation and the episodes of cardiovascular disease has not been studied from the perspective of hemodynamics. In this paper, numerical simulation was used to study the effects of amputation on aortic hemodynamics by changing peripheral impedance and capacitance. The final results showed that after amputation, the aortic blood pressure increased, the time averaged wall shear stress of the infrarenal abdominal aorta decreased and the oscillatory shear index of the left and right sides was asymmetrically distributed, while the time averaged wall shear stress of the iliac artery decreased and the oscillatory shear index increased. The changes above were more significant with the increase of amputation level, which will result in a higher incidence of atherosclerosis and abdominal aortic aneurysm. These findings preliminarily revealed the influence of lower limb amputation on the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases, and provided theoretical guidance for the design of rehabilitation training and the optimization of cardiovascular diseases treatment.
Amputation ; Aorta, Abdominal/surgery* ; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/surgery* ; Blood Flow Velocity/physiology* ; Hemodynamics/physiology* ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Models, Cardiovascular ; Stress, Mechanical

OBJECTIVES: Placenta accreta spectrum disorders (PAS) refers to a group of abnormalities in placental adhesion and invasion, which may lead to serious complications such as intractable postpartum hemorrhage. The use of low-level extra-abdominal aortic temporary block during cesarean section may reduce intraoperative bleeding in patients with PAS, but it may also cause ischemia-reperfusion injury. In this study, we intend to investigate the efficacy of low extra-abdominal aortic block in cesarean section for placental implantation disease and its effect on malondialdehyde (MDA) level and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and analyze the severity of ischemia-reperfusion injury caused by them. METHODS: Pregnant women with invasive placenta accreta spectrum disorders who delivered in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from July 2017 to July 2021, were selected, and they were divided into 2 groups. Group A consisted of those who underwent low extra-abdominal aortic block during cesarean section (n=15) and group B consisted of those who did not undergo extra-abdominal aortic block (n=15). The intraoperative bleeding, blood transfusion, hysterectomy and complication rate, postoperative hospital stay and hospitalization expenses were compared between the 2 groups to analyze the efficacy of abdominal aortic block. The biochemical indexes related to ischemia-reperfusion, MDA content and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity, were measured at the corresponding time points in both groups. The time points of each test were: in group A, before the block of the low extra-abdominal aorta after delivery (A0), 0 h (A1, when the myometrium was started to be sutured), 0.5 h (A2), 2 h (A3), and 4 h (A4) after the open block; in group B, after delivery of the fetus (B0), 0 h (B1), 0.5 h (B2), 2 h (B3), and 4 h (B4) after the myometrium was started to be sutured. Total duration of abdominal aortic block in group A was also recorded. Both groups were observed for sings of edema, ischemia, necrosis and infection in the limbs after surgery. The severity of ischemia-reperfusion injury caused by abdominal aortic block were determined by detecting the relevant biochemical indexes at different moments of reperfusion. RESULTS: The intraoperative bleeding and blood transfusion in group A were less than those in group B, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in postoperative hospital stay and hospitalization expenses between the 2 groups (P>0.05). Surgical complications: in group A, the uterus was preserved in all cases, there was 1 bladder injury and 2 pelvic infections; while in group B, there was 1 hysterectomy, 3 bladder injuries, and 3 pelvic infections. Changes in T-SOD and MDA values: compared with A0 before block, the MDA level was significantly elevated in blood at time points A1, A2, and A3, while SOD activity was significantly decreased (P<0.05), and the 2 observed indexes basically returned to A1 level (ischemic period) at 4 h after open block (A4). There was no significant difference in the changes of T-SOD and MDA in group B (P>0.05). Comparison of T-SOD and MDA levels between group A and B: the difference of the 2 indexes was not statistically significant between A0 and B0 (P>0.05), MDA level was not statistically significant between A1 and B1, T-SOD activity at A1 was lower than B1, the difference was statistically significant, at the rest of the same time point, MDA level in group A were higher than that in group B, T-SOD activity in group A were lower than that in group B, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). No postoperative limb edema, ischemia, necrosis, or infection occurred in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Low-level extra-abdominal aortic block effectively reduces bleeding and transfusion during cesarean section for placenta accreta spectrum disorders, resulting in a transient MDA elevation and a decrease of SOD activity, which means causing transient ischemia-reperfusion injury without complications such as limb edema, ischemia, necrosis, and infection.
Aorta, Abdominal/surgery* ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Humans ; Ischemia ; Necrosis ; Pelvic Infection ; Placenta/metabolism* ; Placenta Accreta/surgery* ; Pregnancy ; Reperfusion Injury ; Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism*

Objective: To examine the short and medium term effect of branch-first technique in total thoracic aorta replacement. Methods: The clinical data of eleven patients with ascending aortic aneurysms or type A aortic dissection+Crawford Ⅰ or Ⅱ total thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm who were treated at Department of Cardiovascular Surgery in Henan Province Chest Hospital from January 2018 to July 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 7 males and 4 females, aging (38±5) years (range: 28 to 45 years), 7 cases of whom were diagnosed with Marfan syndrome, 1 case was diagnosed with coarctation of aorta. Operations were performed under mild hypothermic and branch-first technique. Firstly, the middle and small incision in the chest was combined with the 6th intercostal incision in the left posterior lateral side. Secondly, four branches artificial blood vessels were anastomosed with the brachiocephalic artery to ensure the blood supply to the brain. After the circulation was blocked, intracardiac and aortic proximal operations were performed. Intercostal artery reconstruction and thoracic descending aorta replacement were completed after opening circulation. Results: The operative time of this group was (645.9±91.7) minutes (range: 505 to 840 minutes). One case had cerebral infarction and 1 case had chylothorax. The patients were followed up 4 to 47 months, 1 patient underwent thoracic and abdominal aorta+iliac artery resection and replacement due to the progression of abdominal aortic aneurysm 3 months after operation. Intercostal artery obstruction occurred in 2 cases, and the rest lived well. Conclusions: One-stage whole thoracic aorta replacement with branch-first technique has satisfactory results in the short and medium term, with no risk of residual aortic aneurysm rupture. It is an effective treatment for young and organs function well patients with complex aortic lesions.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; Aorta, Thoracic/surgery* ; Retrospective Studies ; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic/surgery* ; Aortic Dissection/surgery* ; Aorta, Abdominal/surgery* ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation

Type A aortic dissection (AD) is a critical and severe disease with high mortality. The Sun's operation is a standard surgical method for this kind of disease at present. For the procedure, an elephant trunk stent is inserted into the true lumen of the descending aorta and the aortic arch is replaced. A patient was admitted to the First Hospital of Lanzhou University due to sudden chest and back pain for 6 days. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) showed type A AD. Ascending aorta replacement, Sun's operation, and ascending aorta to right femoral artery bypass grafting were performed. After surgery, the patient's condition was worsened. The digital subtraction angiography (DSA) showed the elephant trunk stent was inserted into the false lumen of AD, leading to the occlusion of the large blood vessel at the distal part of the abdominal aorta and below. Although we performed intima puncture and endovascular aortic repair, the patient was still dead.
Aneurysm, Dissecting/surgery* ; Aorta, Abdominal ; Aorta, Thoracic/surgery* ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis Implantation/adverse effects* ; Humans ; Stents/adverse effects* ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of aorta-iliac bypass total thoracoabdominal aorta aneurysm repair to spinal cord function.

METHODSThis was a prospective study. From June 2014 to April 2015, 31 patients underwent total thoracoabdominal aorta aneurysm repair were treated with aorta-iliac bypass technique. There were 23 male and 8 female patients with a mean age of (36±12) years. A 4-branched tetrafurcate graft was used. The aorta-iliac bypass was established, then distal descending aorta was perfused in a retrograde fashion via bypass graft. Thoracic and abdominal aorta were replaced in a staged fashion. Evoked potentials (EP) monitoring was adopted to assess the spinal cord ischemia throughout the procedure. The intraoperative evoked potentials results, clinical outcomes and follow-up results of this technique were evaluated.

RESULTSThe EP wave disappeared after proximal descending aorta clamped and gradually recovered after the patent segmental arteries reattached. Motor evoked potentials disappeared for (56±18) minutes, somatosensory evoked potentials disappeared for (50±19) minutes. The EP wave was restored to normal at the end of operation in all cases. The somatosensory evoked potentials remained unchanged in 2 cases (false negative). One case died after operation. There were acute kidney dysfunction in 3 cases, and pulmonary haemorrhage in 1 case. No spinal cord injure occurred. The median follow-up after operation was 8 months (ranging from 1 to 11 months). There was no delayed neurologic deficit or relative death.

CONCLUSIONSThere is a transient function loss of spinal cord during the aorta-iliac bypass total thoracoabdominal aorta aneurysm repair. But the process is reversible. The technique of the aorta-iliac bypass is practicable.

Adult ; Aorta, Abdominal ; surgery ; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal ; surgery ; Aortic Aneurysm, Thoracic ; surgery ; Evoked Potentials, Motor ; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Spinal Cord ; physiopathology ; Vascular Surgical Procedures ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVE: In this study we utilized the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End-Results (SEER) registry to identify risk factors for lymphatic spread and determine the incidence of pelvic and para-aortic lymph node metastases in patients with uterine papillary serous carcinoma (UPSC) and uterine clear cell carcinoma (UCCC) who underwent complete surgical staging and lymph node dissection. METHODS: Nine hundred seventy-two eligible patients diagnosed between 1998 to 2009 with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) 1988 stage IA-IVA UPSC (n=685) or UCCC (n=287) were identified for analysis. Binomial logistic regression was used to determine risk factors for lymph node metastasis, with the incidence of pelvic and para-aortic lymph node metastases reported for each FIGO primary tumor stage. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to determine factors associated with overall survival. RESULTS: FIGO primary tumor stage was the only independent risk factor for lymph node metastasis (p<0.01). The incidence of pelvis-only and para-aortic lymph node involvement according to the FIGO primary tumor stage were as follows: IA (2.3%/3.8%), IB (7.5%/5.2%), IC (22.5%/16.9%), IIA (20.8%/13.2%), IIB (25.7%/14.9%), and III/IV (25.7%/24.3%). Prognostic factors for overall survival included lymph node involvement (hazard ratio [HR], 1.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09 to 1.85; p<0.01), patient age >60 years (HR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.21 to 2.41; p<0.01), and advanced FIGO primary tumor stage (p<0.01). Tumor grade, histologic subtype, and patient race did not predict for either lymph node metastasis or overall survival. CONCLUSION: There is a high incidence of both pelvic and para-aortic lymph node metastases for FIGO stages IC and above uterine papillary serous and clear cell carcinomas, suggesting a potential role for lymph node-directed therapy for these patients.
Adenocarcinoma, Clear Cell/epidemiology/pathology/*secondary/surgery ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Aorta, Abdominal ; Cystadenocarcinoma, Papillary/epidemiology/pathology/*secondary/surgery ; Cystadenocarcinoma, Serous/epidemiology/pathology/*secondary/surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Grading ; Neoplasm Staging ; Pelvis ; SEER Program ; United States/epidemiology ; Uterine Neoplasms/*epidemiology/pathology/surgery

The cardiovascular system may be one of the target organs of both immunoglobulin G4 related and non-related systemic multifocal fibrosclerosis. We present a case of IgG4 non-related systemic multifocal fibrosclerosis mimicking mitral stenosis on echocardiography. For a more detailed differential diagnosis, we used multimodal imaging techniques. After surgical biopsy around the abdominal aortic area in the retroperitoneum, histological examination revealed IgG4 non-related systemic multifocal fibrosclerosis. We describe the multimodal imaging used to diagnose IgG4 non-related systemic multifocal fibrosclerosis and a positive response to steroid treatment. There have been no previous case reports of IgG4 non-related systemic multifocal fibrosclerosis with intracardiac involvement. Here, we report a case of IgG4 non-related systemic multifocal fibrosclerosis mimicking mitral stenosis.
Aged ; Aorta, Abdominal/pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Echocardiography ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G/*blood/immunology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mitral Valve Stenosis/diagnosis ; Myocardium/*pathology ; Peritoneum/surgery ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Retroperitoneal Fibrosis/*congenital/diagnosis/drug therapy/ultrasonography ; Steroids/therapeutic use ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo compare the results of application of Qu single abdominal aorta clamping for bloodless hepatectomy and Pringle hepatectomy in 118 cases of liver tumors.

METHODSThe clinical data of 118 patients, including 59 patients undergoing Qu single abdominal aorta clamping for bloodless hepatectomy (Group QG) and 59 patients undergone Pringle first hepatic portal clamping hepatectomy (Group PG) since March 2009 in the Ningbo Tumor Hospital and Jiangxi Provincial Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. The changes of blood pressure, oxygen saturation, urine volume, intravenous fluid volume, amount of bleeding, time of abdominal aorta (or first hepatic portal) clamping, duration of operation and anesthesia, and other intraoperative indexes of the two groups were compared, and the changes of peritoneal drainage, blood tests, liver functions, etc. before operation and 1, 3, 7, 14 days after the hepatectomy in the two groups were also analyzed.

RESULTSAfter taking appropriate measures for intraoperative blood pressure control, only small fluctuations of blood pressure, which could be safely adjusted and controlled with stable vital signs, was observed in the group QG. The amount of intraoperative bleeding in the group QG was (96.25 ± 18.45) ml, significantly less than (536.25 ± 35.65) ml in the group PG (P < 0.05). In the group QG, both the duration of operation time [(227.58 ± 28.20) min] and duration of anesthesia [(249.48 ± 31.35) min] were significantly shorter than that [(261.46 ± 32.12) min and (286.58 ± 35.62) min, respectively] in the group PG (both P < 0.05). The postoperative liver dysfunction in the group QG was also milder than that in the group PG (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSFor liver tumor patients, Qu single abdominal aorta clamping for bloodless hepatectomy can basically achieve the goal of bloodless hepatectomy. This surgical operation is simple and safe, worthy of recommendation to skillful liver surgeons in hospitals there are some difficulties of blood supply.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Aorta, Abdominal ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; blood ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; Blood Pressure ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; blood ; surgery ; Constriction ; Female ; Hemangioma, Cavernous ; blood ; surgery ; Hepatectomy ; methods ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; blood ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Operative Time ; Portal Vein ; Retrospective Studies ; Serum Albumin ; metabolism ; Young Adult

INTRODUCTIONKnowledge of anatomical variations of the great vessels of the abdomen, including the coeliac trunk, is important for clinicians planning surgical intervention and radiological imaging. The present study aimed to record the prevalence of variations in the vascular pattern of branches of the coeliac trunk in cadavers.

METHODSA total of 50 properly embalmed and formalin-fixed cadavers from the Indian population were selected for the study. Dissection included surgical incision, followed by mobilisation of the anatomical viscera, to observe and record the branching pattern of the coeliac trunk.

RESULTSThe left gastric, common hepatic and splenic arteries were found to arise from the coeliac trunk in 86% of cadavers. In 76% of cadavers, the origin of the gastric artery was proximal to the bifurcation of the coeliac trunk into the common hepatic and splenic arteries. In one case, all three branches arose directly from the abdominal aorta, and the origin of the splenic artery was 1 cm distal to the origin of the left gastric and common hepatic arteries. In another case, the common hepatic and left gastric arteries arose from the coeliac trunk, and the origin of the splenic artery was 1.5 cm distal to the abdominal aorta.

CONCLUSIONVessel ligation and anastomosis are important in surgical procedures like liver transplantation, and background knowledge of the different vascular patterns of branches of the coeliac trunk is vital. The findings of our study could help to minimise complications related to abdominal surgery, including bleeding and necrosis, and facilitate better and more accurate radiological interpretations.

Adult ; Aged ; Anastomosis, Surgical ; Aorta, Abdominal ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Cadaver ; Celiac Artery ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Female ; Hepatic Artery ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Humans ; Liver ; blood supply ; surgery ; Liver Transplantation ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Splenic Artery ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Vascular Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: The present study was aimed to assess the feasibility of using decellularized aortic allograft in a rat small animal surgical model for conducting small diameter vascular tissue engineering research. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Decellularized aortic allografts were infra-renally implanted in 12 Sprague-Dawley (SD) adult rats. The conduits were harvested at 2 (n = 6) and 8 weeks (n = 6), and assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), van Gieson, Masson Trichrome staining, and immunohistochemistry for von Willebrand factor, CD 31+, and actin. RESULTS: Consistent, predictable, and reproducible results were produced by means of a standardized surgical procedure. All animals survived without major complications. Inflammatory immune reaction was minimal, and there was no evidence of aneurysmal degeneration or rupture of the decellularized vascular implants. However, the aortic wall appeared thinner and the elastic fibers in the medial layer showed decreased undulation compared to the normal aorta. There was also minimal cellular repopulation of the vascular media. The remodeling appeared progressive from 2 to 8 weeks with increased intimal thickening and accumulation of both collagen and cells staining for actin. Although the endothelial like cells appeared largely confluent at 8 weeks, they were not as concentrated in appearance as in the normal aorta. CONCLUSION: The results showed the present rat animal model using decellularized vascular allograft implants to be a potentially durable and effective experimental platform for conducting further research on small diameter vascular tissue engineering.
Animals ; Aorta, Abdominal/anatomy & histology/cytology/*surgery ; Biocompatible Materials/*therapeutic use ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Graft Survival/immunology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tissue Engineering/*methods ; Transplantation, Homologous/*methods