Objective:To explore the long-term efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) for acrophobia.Method:Sixty patients with acrophobia who visited the Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from October 2018 to January 2021 were selected and randomly divided into VRET group ( n=30) and imaginary exposure therapy (IET) group ( n=30) using a block random number table method. The VRET group received VRET treatment, while the IET group received IET treatment. Both groups received treatment twice a week for 3 weeks. At baseline and after treatment, the acrophobia questionnaire (AQ) and attitude towards high questionnaire (ATHQ) were used to assess the patients' acrophobia symptoms, and the behavioral avoidance test (BAT) was used to assess the patients' level of avoidance when facing high altitude situations. During the 2-year follow-up after treatment, AQ and ATHQ were used to evaluate the patients' acrophobia symptoms. The repeated measures ANOVA and covariance analysis were used to analyze the data using SPSS 27.0 software. Result:(1) Repeated measures ANOVA showed that there was no significant interaction effect of AQ-anxiety, AQ-avoidance, and ATHQ scores between the two groups before and after treatment ( F=1.37, 1.95, 0.21, all P>0.05), while the time main effect of AQ-anxiety ( F=43.29) and ATHQ score ( F=13.35) was significant (both P<0.05), and the time main effect and group main effect of AQ-avoidance score were significant ( Ftime=62.84, Fgroup=5.65, both P<0.05). The AQ-avoidance scores of the VRET group(6.19±3.60, 8.25±3.80) were significantly lower than those of the IET group (9.60±3.74, 12.00±4.57)after treatment and during the follow-up period (both P<0.05).(2)After controlling for the baseline initial values of BAT in the two groups, the VRET group had a lower corrected BAT score (1.51 ± 0.72) than the IET group (4.39 ± 0.75) ( F=55.81, P<0.001), indicating that the efficacy of the VRET group was significantly better than that of the IET group. Conclusion:VRET significantly reduces acrophobia symptoms and behavioral avoidance level in patients with acrophobia, demonstrating superior efficacy compared to IET in both immediate and long-term effects.

Objective:To explore the long-term efficacy of virtual reality exposure therapy (VRET) for acrophobia.Method:Sixty patients with acrophobia who visited the Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from October 2018 to January 2021 were selected and randomly divided into VRET group ( n=30) and imaginary exposure therapy (IET) group ( n=30) using a block random number table method. The VRET group received VRET treatment, while the IET group received IET treatment. Both groups received treatment twice a week for 3 weeks. At baseline and after treatment, the acrophobia questionnaire (AQ) and attitude towards high questionnaire (ATHQ) were used to assess the patients' acrophobia symptoms, and the behavioral avoidance test (BAT) was used to assess the patients' level of avoidance when facing high altitude situations. During the 2-year follow-up after treatment, AQ and ATHQ were used to evaluate the patients' acrophobia symptoms. The repeated measures ANOVA and covariance analysis were used to analyze the data using SPSS 27.0 software. Result:(1) Repeated measures ANOVA showed that there was no significant interaction effect of AQ-anxiety, AQ-avoidance, and ATHQ scores between the two groups before and after treatment ( F=1.37, 1.95, 0.21, all P>0.05), while the time main effect of AQ-anxiety ( F=43.29) and ATHQ score ( F=13.35) was significant (both P<0.05), and the time main effect and group main effect of AQ-avoidance score were significant ( Ftime=62.84, Fgroup=5.65, both P<0.05). The AQ-avoidance scores of the VRET group(6.19±3.60, 8.25±3.80) were significantly lower than those of the IET group (9.60±3.74, 12.00±4.57)after treatment and during the follow-up period (both P<0.05).(2)After controlling for the baseline initial values of BAT in the two groups, the VRET group had a lower corrected BAT score (1.51 ± 0.72) than the IET group (4.39 ± 0.75) ( F=55.81, P<0.001), indicating that the efficacy of the VRET group was significantly better than that of the IET group. Conclusion:VRET significantly reduces acrophobia symptoms and behavioral avoidance level in patients with acrophobia, demonstrating superior efficacy compared to IET in both immediate and long-term effects.

Objective: To explore the relationship between serum complement 1q (C1q) and C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein 1 (CTRP1) levels in patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CHD) and their clinical value. Methods: Case-control study.115 patients with CHD who were hospitalized in the Department of Cardiology of Ningxia Medical University General Hospital from January 2018 to November 2018 were selected as the case group, including 72 males and 43 females, aged 35-82 years, average (59.96±9.49) years old. There were three subgroups: stable angina group (SAP, n=12), unstable angina group (UA, n=69), and acute myocardial infarction group (AMI, n=34). The control group was selected from 43 healthy subjects in the same period, including 21 males and 22 females, aged 23-71 years, with an average of (45.00±10.66) years old. Serum C1q and CTRP1 levels were tested by immunoturbidimetry and ELISA, and other biochemical indicators such as triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (CHOL) were detected.Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influence of various factors on C1q level. ROC curve and area under the curve (AUC) to explore the diagnostic value of C1q and CTRP1. Results: The C1q level in the CHD group (184.06±31.05) mg/L was higher than that in the control group (122.22±28.18) mg/L (t=-11.405, P<0.001). The AMI group (192.80±34.08) mg/L was significantly higher than the SAP group (169.17±27.13) mg/L (t=-2.328, P=0.021).The CTRP1 level in the CHD group [241.85(79.38)] ng/ml was lower than that in healthy control group [292.7(67.64)] ng/ml (Z=-3.64, P<0.001). Group B with higher Gensini score (t=3.672, P<0.001) and group C (t=2.529, P=0.013) had higher C1q levels than group A.After adjusting for the effects of age, sex and other indicators, C1q levels were correlated with HDL-C (β=-0.582, P<0.001),CHOL (β=0.384,P<0.001) and systolic blood pressure (β=0.142,P=0.038). The ROC curve shows that when the CHD is diagnosed, the sensitivity of C1q level >150.82 mg/L is 87%,the specificity is 88.4%, and the AUC is 0.942. The corresponding sensitivity and specificity of CTRP1 <281.80 ng/ml are 76.5% and 60.5% respectively, and the AUC is 0.688. The AUC obtained by combined predictors was 0.944, and the sensitivity and specificity were 89.6% and 86.0% respectively. When AMI is diagnosed, C1q level >178.3 mg/L, corresponding sensitivity and specificity are 70.6% and 66.1%, the AUC is 0.726, CTRP1 has no diagnostic value. Conclusions Serum C1q levels in patients with CHD are elevated, and AMI patients are higher than SAP patients; C1q may be a potential marker reflecting the severity of coronary artery disease; there is no significant correlation between serum C1q and CTRP1 in CHD patients.