Objective: To explore the intervention effects of different exercise modalities on executive function in school aged children, providing references for formulating exercise prescriptions to promote school aged children executive function. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and CBM to identify studies on the effects of exercises on executive function in school aged children. The search period spanned from the database inception to August 2025. Two researchers independently screened the literature, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias of the included studies. Network Meta analysis was performed using Stata 16.0. Results: A total of 51 studies involving 5 710 school aged children and seven modalities of exercises(control group,small ball sports,large ball sports,aerobic exercise,combined exercise,sport game,gymnastic and dance sports) were finally included. Network Meta analysis showed that, in terms of inhibitory control development of school aged children, small ball sports ( SMD =-0.98,95% CI =-1.32 to -0.64 ), large ball sports ( SMD =-0.64,95% CI =-0.91 to -0.36), and mixed sports ( SMD =-0.26,95% CI =-0.50 to -0.02]) were more effective than the control group; in terms of working memory, largeball sports ( SMD =-1.26,95% CI =-1.88 to -0.65) and small ball sports ( SMD =-0.91,95% CI =-1.64 to -0.19) were superior to the control group; in terms of improving cognitive flexibility, large ball sports ( SMD =-1.02,95% CI =-1.28 to -0.76), gymnastics and dance sports ( SMD =-0.80,95% CI =-1.21 to -0.40), and small ball sports ( SMD =-0.75,95% CI =-1.15 to -0.36) were more effective than the control group (all P <0.05). Surface under cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA) showed that small ball sports had the highest value (SUCRA=98.9%) in improving inhibitory control, while large ball sports achieved the highest score(SUCRA=92.6%) in enhancing working memory, and large ball sports also had the highest value(SUCRA=94.7%) in promoting cognitive flexibility. Conclusions For developing inhibitory control in school aged children, small ball sports are recommended as a priority. For enhancing working memory and cognitive flexibility, large ball sports are recommended.

Allergic conjunctivitis is a common ocular inflammatory disease, with intense itching being the most typical and distressing symptom for patients. In recent years, with the in-depth study of the interaction between the nervous and immune systems, significant progress has been made in understanding the mechanism of itching in allergic conjunctivitis. This review elaborates on the neurobiological basis of itching in allergic conjunctivitis, with a focus on the complex dialogue between immune cells and sensory neurons, particularly the core role of the IL-33-ST2-CGRP signaling axis in mediating itching. Additionally, this article introduces new findings in genetic susceptibility research, including the identification of susceptibility genes for allergic conjunctivitis through transcriptome-wide association studies. The sensory nervous system not only transmits itch signals but also actively participates in the formation of antigen channels related to conjunctival goblet cells, thereby regulating the local uptake of allergens and the initiation of the immune response. Moreover, targeted novel therapeutic strategies offer hope for patients with refractory allergic conjunctivitis. Exploring the molecular and cellular mechanisms of itching in allergic conjunctivitis will provide a theoretical basis for the development of more effective treatment methods.

Objective To explore the value of time-dependent diffusion MRI(td-dMRI)parameters for differentiating invasive breast cancer(IBC)with ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS)(IBC-DCIS)from simple IBC.Methods A total of 19 patients with IBC-DCIS(IBC-DCIS group)and 53 patients with simple IBC(IBC group)confirmed by surgery and postoperation pathology were retrospectively enrolled.Breast td-dMRI acquired with oscillating gradient spin-echo(OGSE)and pulsed gradient spin-echo(PGSE)sequences before operation were interpreted,and apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)and microstructure parameters,including OGSE-ADC value,PGSE-ADC value,cellularity,cell diameter,intracellular volume fraction and extracellular diffusion coefficient were obtained and compared between groups.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves of parameters being significantly different between groups were plotted,and the area under the curve(AUC)was calculated to evaluate the efficacy of these parameters for differentiating IBC-DCIS from IBC.Results Significant differences of OGSE-ADC value,PGSE-ADC value,cellularity,cell diameter,intracellular volume fraction and extracellular diffusion coefficient were found between groups(all P＜0.05).The AUC of the above parameters for differentiating IBC-DCIS from IBC was 0.81,0.79,0.78,0.68,0.77 and 0.81,respectively.Conclusion td-dMRI parameters could be used to noninvasively and effectively differentiate IBC-DCIS from simple IBC.

Objective:To explore the dual mediating effects of health belief and depression among health knowledge, social support, and health behaviors based on the capacity, opportunity, motivation-behavior (COM-B) model, and analyze the influencing factors of health behaviors in patients with ischemic stroke.Methods:This multi-center cluster sampling research recruited ischemic stroke patients ( n=1 696) who were hospitalized in neurology departments of five tertiary hospitals in Henan Province from October 2023 to October 2024. A cross-sectional investigation was conducted using the general information questionnaire, social support rating scale (SSRS), stroke prevention knowledge questionnaire(SPKQ), short form health belief model scale(SF-HBMS), health promoting lifestyle profile-Ⅱ (HPLP-Ⅱ), and patient health questionnaire-9(PHQ-9) to ultimately reveal the pathways and effect sizes among variables. Partial correlation analysis and multiple linear stepwise regression analysis were conducted to examine the relationships among social support, health knowledge, health belief, health behaviors, and depression in stroke patients by SPSS 26.0 software. Structural equation modeling was constructed using AMOS 28.0 software, and the mediating effect was tested using the Bootstrap method. Results:The scores of social support, health knowledge, health belief, and health behaviors among ischemic stroke patients were (37.46±9.94), (26.56±6.84), (75.62±12.62) and (130.79±26.27), respectively. The score of depression was 5.00 (2.00, 8.00). Health behaviors were positively correlated with health knowledge, social support, and health belief( r=0.333, 0.246, 0.267, all P<0.05), while negatively correlated with depression ( r=-0.146, P<0.05). Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that health knowledge, social support, health belief, and depression were all influencing factors of health behaviors in ischemic stroke patients (all P<0.05). Health belief (effect value=0.068, 95% CI=0.048-0.093) and depression (effect value=0.009, 95% CI=0.003-0.018) both played partial mediating roles between health knowledge and health behaviors, accounting for 17.3%(0.077/0.446) of the total effect. Meanwhile, health belief (effect value=0.045, 95% CI=0.029-0.063) and depression (effect value=0.016, 95% CI=0.008-0.027) both played partial mediating roles between social support and health behaviors, accounting for 26.5%(0.061/0.230) of the total effect. Conclusion:Health knowledge and social support can not only directly influence health behaviors but also indirectly affect them through health belief and depression in patients with ischemic stroke.

Objective To explore the value of time-dependent diffusion MRI(td-dMRI)parameters for differentiating invasive breast cancer(IBC)with ductal carcinoma in situ(DCIS)(IBC-DCIS)from simple IBC.Methods A total of 19 patients with IBC-DCIS(IBC-DCIS group)and 53 patients with simple IBC(IBC group)confirmed by surgery and postoperation pathology were retrospectively enrolled.Breast td-dMRI acquired with oscillating gradient spin-echo(OGSE)and pulsed gradient spin-echo(PGSE)sequences before operation were interpreted,and apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)and microstructure parameters,including OGSE-ADC value,PGSE-ADC value,cellularity,cell diameter,intracellular volume fraction and extracellular diffusion coefficient were obtained and compared between groups.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves of parameters being significantly different between groups were plotted,and the area under the curve(AUC)was calculated to evaluate the efficacy of these parameters for differentiating IBC-DCIS from IBC.Results Significant differences of OGSE-ADC value,PGSE-ADC value,cellularity,cell diameter,intracellular volume fraction and extracellular diffusion coefficient were found between groups(all P＜0.05).The AUC of the above parameters for differentiating IBC-DCIS from IBC was 0.81,0.79,0.78,0.68,0.77 and 0.81,respectively.Conclusion td-dMRI parameters could be used to noninvasively and effectively differentiate IBC-DCIS from simple IBC.

Objective To investigate the application effect of three-dimensional CT-assisted pedicle measurement in elderly patients undergoing percutaneous vertebroplasty(PVP).Methods A total of 80 osteoporotic patients with L1 vertebral compression fracture who were treated in People's Hospital of Qujiang District in Shaoguan from March 2021 to March 2023 were selected as the study subjects.Three-dimensional CT-assisted pedicle measurement was performed before surgery,including L1 axial effective angle,axial effective pedicle transverse,oblique sagittal effective angle,oblique sagittal effective longitudinal diameter,and pedicle transverse diameter,and their differences between different genders were analyzed.Four patients with an effective pedicle diameter of less than 3 mm were included into the bilateral group,and the rest of the patients were divided into the unilateral group(received unilateral-approach PVP)and the bilateral group(received bilateral-approach PVP)according to the random number table method.The perioperative conditions of patients in the two groups were collected.The follow-up was performed for six months after surgery,and the visual analogue scale(VAS)score and Oswestry dysfunction index(ODI)score of patients between the two groups were compared before surgery,1 month after surgery and 6 months after surgery.X-ray examinations were performed before and after surgery to evaluate the recovery of Cobb angle and cement leakage.Results No significant difference was observed in axial universal effective angle or universal oblique sagittal effective angles between genders(P>0.05).The male patients showed greater axial lateral effective angle,axial lateral effective pedicle transverse,axial universal effective pedicle transverse,lateral oblique sagittal effective angle,lateral oblique sagittal effective longitudinal diameter,universal oblique sagittal effective longitudinal diameter,and pedicle transverse as compared to female patients,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The intraoperative fluoroscopy times and bone cement injection volume of patients in the unilateral group were less/lower than those in the bilateral group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the operation time of patients between the two groups(P>0.05).During the follow-up period,3 patients were lost to follow-up in the unilateral group and 4 patients in the bilateral group.One patient in the unilateral group had cement leakage.There were no significant differences in the VAS scores,ODI scores before surgery and 1 month after surgery or Cobb angles before and after surgery between the two groups(P>0.05).The VAS and ODI scores of patients in the unilateral group 6 months after surgery were significantly higher than those in the bilateral group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Conclusion In the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures,three-dimensional CT-assisted pedicle measurement before PVP can help to achieve accurate puncture,and improve the safety and effectiveness of the surgery.

Objective To construct 5 machine-learning models and compare their performance in predicting the associations between pre-pregnancy socio-psycho-behavioral exposures of both spouses and preconception outcomes.Methods Based on Chongqing Preconception Reproductive Health and Birth Outcome Cohort of volunteers recruited from Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children during January 2019 and March 2022,5 447 couples were recruited and surveyed through interviewer-interview for the demographic and social-psychological-behavioral data of both spouses(221 variables).According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,4 097 couples were finally included,and randomly assigned into a training set(n=2 867 spouses)and a validation set(n=1 230 spouses)at a ratio of 7∶3.Feature analysis and collinear screening were applied to select the potential exposure factors.In consideration of difficulty to carry out semen parameters analysis in primary healthcare institutions,feature Set 1 including sperm parameters and feature Set 2 excluding semen parameters were constructed by including or excluding sperm quality simultaneously in the training set and the validation set.Five algorithms,that is,Logistic Regression,Naive Bayes,Random Forest,Gradient Boosting Machine,and Support Vector Machine,were used to construct preconception outcome prediction models,and the parameters of each model were optimized using random search combined with grid search.The predictive performance of each model was compared using precision,recall,F1 score,area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(AUC),and calibration curve.The optimal model was then selected by comparing the changes in the predictive ability of the questionnaire data for fertility outcomes with or without semen parameters.Results There were 24 variables screened out in feature Set 1,and 16 variables in feature Set 2.In feature Set 1,the gradient boosting machine performed better,with a relatively higher AUC value(0.651)and better F1 score(0.61).The logistic regression model performed stably(AUC value=0.647)and was suitable as the reference model.The random forest(AUC value=0.641),Naive Bayes(AUC value=0.641),and support vector machine(AUC value=0.634)performed second-best.By utilizing the gradient boosting machine,comparable results were found between the predictions from feature sets with or without semen parameters,as in feature Set 1,the AUC value of its validation set was 0.651(95%CI:0.629～0.681),the prediction accuracy was 0.63,the recall rate was 0.65,and the average precision value F1 was 0.61;and in feature Set 2,the AUC value of its validation set was 0.649(95%CI:0.624～0.663),and both the calibration curves were close to the ideal curve.The prediction results indicated that in feature Set 1,the features highly negatively correlated with preconception outcomes were female age,male age,and no pregnancy within 1 year without contraception,while the features highly positively correlated with preconception outcomes were female pregnancy history,total sperm vitality,and use of contraceptive measures before enrollment.Conclusion Among the 5 machine-learning algorithms performed in this cohort data,the gradient boosting machine shows slightly better performance.There are 24 factors being associated with preconception outcomes in both spouses,and the performance of the simplified model excluding semen parameters is not significantly declined.It is feasible to use machine-learning methods to predict human preconception outcomes through social-psychological-behavioral questionnaires.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of acupuncture at Four Gates(bilateral LI4 and LR3)and other acupoints in treating postoperative pain after laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair and to explore its potential mechanism of action.Methods Sixty patients who underwent tension-free laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair at the Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine between June 2024 and January 2025 and developed postoperative pain were enrolled.They were randomly divided into an observation group(n=30)and a control group(n=30)using a random number table.The control group received standard postoperative care,while the observation group received additional acupuncture at Four Gates and other acupoints(administered at 0 hour and 24 hours postoperatively).Clinical efficacy was assessed after 24 hours.Changes in the Numerical Rating Scale(NRS)for pain and the Bruggrmann Comfort Scale(BCS)were recorded.Serum levels of white blood cells(WBC),C-reactive protein(CRP),erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),and cortisol(COR)were compared before and after treatment.Safety and adverse reactions were also evaluated.Results(1)After 4 hours and 24 hours of treatment,the NRS scores in the observation group were significantly improved(P＜0.05).Additionally,the observation group showed a significantly greater improvement in NRS scores than the control group during the same period,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).(2)After 4 hours and 24 hours of treatment,the BCS scores of both groups of patients were significantly improved(P＜0.05).The observation group showed a significantly greater improvement in BCS scores than the control group,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.05).(3)After treatment,the levels of WBC,CRP,and ESR in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in COR levels between the two groups(P＞0.05).After treatment,the WBC levels in the observation group were slightly lower than before treatment,but the difference was not statistically significant(P＞0.05),while the WBC levels in the control group were significantly higher than before treatment(P＜0.05).(4)The overall response rate in the observation group was 96.70％(29/30),while that in the control group was 56.77％(17/30).The efficacy of the observation group was superior to that of the control group,with a statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).(5)No significant adverse reactions occurred in either the observation group or the control group.There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture at Four Gates and other acupoints significantly alleviates postoperative pain,enhances patient comfort,and demonstrates excellent clinical efficacy with high safety.The treatment modulates postoperative WBC,CRP,ESR,and COR levels,suggesting systemic anti-inflammatory and stress-regulatory effects.

Objective:To study the distribution characteristics of current patients with Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) in Molidawa Daur Autonomous Banner (referred to as Morin Banner), and provide suggestions for service management.Methods:Information of KBD current patients in Morin Banner was collected from January 1, 2018 to June 30, 2024 using the "KBD Current Patient Survey System" provided by the Center for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. A descriptive study method was used to analyze the basic information and clinical data of current patients.Results:As of June 30, 2024, a total of 6 223 KBD current patients were reported in Morin Banner, and the patients were distributed in 15 townships (towns). There was a statistically significant difference in the prevalence rate of KBD among different townships (towns, χ 2 = 3 069.01, P < 0.001). The minimum age of the KBD current patients was 27 years old, and the maximum was 98 years old, mainly concentrated in the age range of 45 - 74 years old, accounting for 95.7% (5 954/6 223). There was a significant difference in the prevalence rate of KBD among different age groups (χ 2 = 5 912.76, P < 0.001). The male to female ratio was 1.00∶1.14 (2 910 ∶ 3 313), and there was a statistically significant difference in prevalence rate of KBD between genders(χ 2 = 44.38, P < 0.001). The KBD current patients mainly had a primary school education, married, and farmers, accounting for 59.2% (3 685/6 223), 89.8% (5 590/6 223), 93.2% (5 802/6 223), respectively; and the clinical grading of patients is mainly degree Ⅰ. There was a statistically significant difference in the rate of limb disability among patients with different clinical grades (χ 2 = 64.26, P < 0.001). The rate of limb disability in males was higher than that in females (χ 2 = 10.36, P = 0.001). Conclusions:The KBD current patients in Morin Banner are distributed in various township (town), with middle-aged and elderly famers being the main ones. It is necessary to strengthen monitoring of KBD, and pay attention to personalized treatment and management of KBD current patients.

Objective:To investigate the effect of innovative perioperative pain management on prostate cancer patients with he-maturia undergoing prostatic artery embolization(PAE).Methods:A total of 60 patients undergoing PAE in the Interventional Ther-apy Department of General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command from May 2024 to January 2025 were selected by convenience sam-pling method and randomly divided into the intervention group and the control group,with 30 patients in each group.The control group received traditional pain management of nursing.An innovative perioperative pain management was performed in intervention group in-cluding preoperative"body-mind-pain"holistic assessment and preparation,intraoperative humanistic care and real-time support,post-operative multimodal analgesia and rehabilitation,dynamic monitoring and closed-loop feedback.The pain degree after 6 hours,1 day,3 days and 1 week of the operation,and the quality of life after 1 week of operation,as well as nursing satisfaction at discharge were compared between the two groups.Results:The VAS scores of the intervention group were significantly lower than those of the con-trol group after 6 hours,1 day,3 days and 1 week of operation(P＜0.05).One week after the operation,the quality of life in the ob-servation group was higher than that of the control group significantly(P＜0.05).The nursing satisfaction of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group at discharge(P＜0.05).Conclusion:The application of innovative perioperative pain management can alleviate pain of patients with PAE,which improves the quality of life and nursing satisfaction of patients,and is conducive to the rehabilitation of patients.