Objective To assess the current status and outcomes of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) in patients with unresectable colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM). Methods Two reviewers independently conducted a systematic search of Medline (via PubMed), the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov in accordance with preferred reporting items for systematic reviews guidelines. English-language publications reporting LDLT for unresectable CRLM were identified; study characteristics and recipient outcomes were extracted. Results Twelve studies were retrieved, six completed studies enrolling 55 patients and six ongoing trials. Selected patients appeared to derive benefit from LDLT. Reported overall survival was 100% at 1 year and 100%, 71.4% at 3 years. The 1-year progression-free survival was 85.7% and 75.1%, and 3-year progression-free survival was 68.6% and 53.7%. Conclusions Prospective data on LDLT for unresectable CRLM remain scarce. The approach is still investigational and warrants validation through prospective clinical trials.

Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) is significantly expressed in various tissues such as the liver, kidney, myocardium, and skeletal muscle, which plays a central role in the development of various diseases by regulating key physiological processes such as energy homeostasis, redox balance, inflammatory response, and ferroptosis. As an important metabolic and excretory organ of the body, renal dysfunction can lead to water and electrolyte imbalance, toxin accumulation, and multiple system complications. The causes of kidney injury are complex and diverse, including acute injury factors (such as ischemia/reperfusion, nephrotoxic drugs, septic shock, and immune glomerulopathy), as well as chronic progressive causes [such as metabolic disease-related nephropathy, hypertensive nephropathy (HN)], and risk factors such as alcohol abuse, obesity, and aging. This review briefly describes the structure, function, and activity regulation mechanism of PPAR-α, systematically elucidates the molecular regulatory network of PPAR-α in the pathological process of kidney injury including acute kidney injury (AKI) such as renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), drug-induced AKI, sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI), glomerulonephritis, chronic kidney disease (CKD) such as diabetic nephropathy (DN), HN, and other kidney injury, and summarizes the mechanisms related to PPAR-α regulation of kidney injury, including regulation of metabolism, antioxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-fibrosis, and anti-ferroptosis. This review also evaluates PPAR-α's medical value as a novel therapeutic target, and aims to provide theoretical basis for the development of kidney protection strategies based on PPAR-α targeted intervention.
Humans ; PPAR alpha/metabolism* ; Acute Kidney Injury/therapy* ; Animals ; Kidney/metabolism*

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of dexmedetomidine(Dex)pretreated pericytes(Dex-PCs)on acute lung injury(ALI)in septic mice.Methods Mouse model of sepsis-ALI was established with intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)at a dose of 10 mg/kg.A total of 96 C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into sham operation(Sham)group,ALI group,PC treatment group and Dex-PCs treatment group.The mice of the PCs and Dex-PCs groups received a tail venous injection of 5×105 PC cells,respectively,whereas those of the Sham and ALI groups received equal volume of normal saline.Flow cytometry,immunofluorescence assay,whole-body volume tracing system and ELISA were used to observe the changes in the colonization of PCs,pulmonary vascular permeability,lung function,serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels,as well as the survival rate and survival time of mice at 72 h after LPS stimulation.After PCs and Dex-PCs were exposed to 10 μg/mL LPS,the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)was measured.Results Compared with the Sham group,the ALI group had increased permeability of pulmonary vascular endothelial cells,extensive extravasation of Evans blue,severely destructed of lung tissue structure and massive inflammatory cell infiltration,higher lung wet/dry weight ratio,elevated serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels,and declined lung function,and no mice survived for 72 h after modeling(P＜0.05).Both PC cell treatment effectively alleviated the pulmonary vascular endothelial leakage,reduced Evans blue content per unit tissue,improved lung pathological structure,lung function and inflammatory responses,and significantly improved the survival rates in the PC group and the Dex-PC group(P＜0.05).What's more,the therapeutic effect of Dex-PC cells was significantly better than that of the PC cells(P＜0.05).LPS stimulation induced ROS accumulation greatly in PCs,but no such effect was observed in the PCs after Dex pretreatment(P＜0.05).Conclusion Dex pretreatment significantly enhances PCs'protective effect on pulmonary vascular endothelial barrier functions in septic mice,which may be due to its enhancing anti-oxidative capacity of PCs.

Objective To investigate the factors influencing the efficacy of intravesical Bacille Calmette-Guérin(BCG)instillation after transurethral resection of bladder tumor(TURBT)in patients with intermediate-and high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC),and to construct a prediction model for recurrence after BCG treatment.Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted on the subjected patients diagnosed with intermediate-and high-risk NMIBC undergoing TURBT followed by standard BCG instillation.The 110 patients treated in Department of Urology of Army Medical Center of PLA from January 2018 to December 2023 were assigned into a training set,while the 52 patients treated at Department of Urology of General Hospital of Central Theater Command from January 2015 to December 2020 were into an external validation set.A total of 17 variables were included and analyzed.Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with recurrence after BCG instillation,and nomograms were plotted to predict 1-year,3-year,and 5-year recurrence-free survival(RFS).Calibration curve,decision curve analysis(DCA),and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve analysis were conducted for internal and external validation to evaluate the predictive performance and clinical utility of the model.Results In the training set,26 patients(23.64%)experienced recurrence during the follow-up period,with a median RFS of 32.00(18.00～50.50)months.Univariate Cox regression analysis suggested that platelet count,eosinophil to lymphocyte ratio(ELR),neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio(NLR),platelet to lymphocyte ratio(PLR),systemic immune inflammation(SII)index,and neutrophil-monocyte to lymphocyte ratio(NMLR),pathological T1 stage(pT1)tumor and hemoglobin,albumin,lymphocyte,and platelet(HALP)score were potential factors influencing recurrence after BCG instillation.Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified high HALP score(HR=0.185,95%CI:0.046～0.736,P=0.017)as an independent protective factor,while high ELR(HR=3.599,95%CI:1.505～8.608,P=0.004)and pT1 stage(HR=3.240,95%CI:1.191～8.818,P=0.021)were independent risk factors for recurrence.Based on this,a nomogram prediction model was constructed.The calibration curves demonstrated good agreement between predicted and actual 1-,3-,and 5-year recurrence risks.Decision curve analysis indicated clinical utility across a wide threshold probability range.In the training set,the model showed strong predictive performance for 1-(AUC=0.842),3-(AUC=0.847),and 5-year(AUC=0.887)recurrence risks,which was further validated in the external cohort.Conclusion Higher HALP score prior to BCG instillation therapy is a protective factor against tumor recurrence,while higher ELR and pT1 stage are risk factors.Our nomogram prediction model based on HALP score,ELR and pathological T stage,can identify individuals at high risk of recurrence after BCG instillation therapy.

Objective To investigate risk factors for residual lesions after initial transurethral resection of bladder tumors(TURBT)and risk factors for tumor recurrence after second TURBT in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer(NMIBC)in order to provide reference for clinical management.Methods A case-control study design was adopted to include 120 NMIBC patients who underwent initial TURBT and then second surgery within 2～8 weeks in our department from January 2017 to January 2025.Based on the presence of residual lesions after the initial TURBT or not,the patients were divided into a residual lesion group(n=34)and a non-residual lesion group(n=86).Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to identify potential risk factors for residual lesions following the initial TURBT.Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used to analyze potential risk factors for tumor recurrence after the second TURBT.Results The residual lesion rate after initial TURBT was 28.33％.Chi-square test analysis revealed that tumor stage T1(Chi-square=5.756,P=0.016)and broad tumor base(Chi-square=4.331,P=0.037)were factors influencing residual lesions after initial TURBT.Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified tumor stage T1(OR=3.047,95％CI:1.128～8.226,P=0.028)as an independent risk factor for residual lesions after initial TURBT.The tumor recurrence rate after second TURBT was 17.5％.Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified tumor stage T1(OR=4.258,95％CI:1.248～14.532,P=0.021),intravesical chemotherapy instillation after second TURBT(OR=3.539,95％CI:1.284～9.752,P=0.015),history of urinary system tumors(OR=3.002,95％CI:1.145～7.873,P=0.025)and high platelet-to-lymphocyte(PLR)ratio(OR=2.798,95％CI:1.115～7.023,P=0.028)as independent risk factors for tumor recurrence after second TURBT.Conclusion Tumor stage T1 and broad tumor base are risk factors for residual lesions after initial TURBT,while tumor stage T1,intravesical chemotherapy instillation after second TURBT,history of urinary system tumors and high PLR ratio are risk factors for tumor recurrence after second TURBT.Comprehensive analysis on above 4 indicators can effectively assess the risk of tumor recurrence in NMIBC patients following second TURBT,and timely early medical intervention is beneficial for improving patient outcomes.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Shengqing Jiangzhuo(lifting lucid yang and lowering turbid yin)Acupuncture Method,based on the"turbidity-clearness interaction"theory,combined with western medicine in treating gouty nephropathy(GN)patients with damp-heat accumulation syndrome.Methods A total of 117 patients diagnosed with GN from September 2023 to September 2024 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Chongqing Hospital were enrolled and randomly divided into three groups,with 39 cases in each group.The western medicine group received Febuxostat Tablets,the control group was given western medicine+conventional acupuncture,and observation group was given western medicine+Shengqing Jiangzhuo Acupuncture Method.All groups received 4 weeks of treatment.Clinical efficacy,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome scores,visual analogue scale(VAS)of pain scores,and laboratory parameters—including serum uric acid(UA),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),creatinine(Scr),estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR),β2-microglobulin(β2-MG),24-hour urinary protein(24h-UTP),cystatin C(CysC)were assessed.The erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),and C-reactive protein(CRP)were compared before and after treatment.Results(1)The total effective rate was 71.79%(28/39)in the western medicine group,84.62%(33/39)in the control group,and 92.31%(36/39)in the observation group.The observation group demonstrated statistically significant superiority over the western medicine group(P＜0.05),while showing marginally better efficacy than the control group without statistical significance(P＞0.05).(2)After treatment,all three groups exhibited significant improvements in ESR,CRP,and UA levels(P＜0.05).The observation group significantly outperformed the other two groups in reducing ESR and CRP levels(P＜0.05),and was statistically superior to the western medicine group in lowering UA levels(P＜0.05),though no significant difference was observed versus the control group for UA improvement(P＞0.05).The control group showed significantly greater reductions in ESR,CRP,and UA levels than the western medicine group(P＜0.05).(3)After treatment,Scr,BUN,and eGFR levels were significantly improved in all groups(P＜0.05).The observation group achieved significantly better improvements in Scr and eGFR than the other two groups(P＜0.05).However,no statistical difference existed between the control and western medicine groups for Scr or eGFR enhancement(P＞0.05).No intergroup differences were detected in BUN improvement(P＞0.05).(4)Significant differences emerged in β2-MG and CysC levels among all groups after treatment(P＜0.05).Both observation and control groups demonstrated statistically significant improvements in 24-hour 24h-UTP(P＜0.05),whereas the western medicine group showed no significant change(P＞0.05).The observation group significantly outperformed the other groups in reducing 24h-UTP and β2-MG levels(P＜0.05),and was superior to the western medicine group in lowering CysC(P＜0.05),though no difference versus the control group was observed for CysC reduction(P＞0.05).The control group showed no statistical advantage over the western medicine group in improving 24h-UTP,β 2-MG,or CysC(P＞0.05).(5)After treatment,TCM syndrome scores and VAS scores were significantly improved in all groups(P＜0.05).The observation group achieved significantly greater reductions in TCM syndrome scores and VAS scores than the western medicine group(P＜0.05).The control group showed statistically superior VAS score improvement versus the western medicine group(P＜0.05),but no significant differences emerged in TCM syndrome score improvement compared to either group(P＞0.05).No statistical difference existed between observation and control groups for VAS score reduction(P＞0.05).Conclusion Shengqing Jiangzhuo Acupuncture Method,grounded in the"turbidity-clearness interaction"theory,effectively reduces serum UA,controls inflammation,and preserves renal function in damp-heat accumulation type of GN,demonstrating significant therapeutic benefits.

Objective To evaluate the short-term clinical effect(including curative efficacy,pain relief,and quality of life)of CT-assisted 3D printing template-guided implantation of 125I particles in treating head and neck malignancies.Methods A total of 12 patients with head and neck malignant tumors complicated by moderate to severe cancerous pain,who were admitted to Yichang Municipal second People's Hospital to receive treatment from September 2019 to July 2024,were enrolled in this study.All patients received CT-assisted 3D individualized template-guided implantation of 125I particles therapy.The short-term curative efficacy,pain relief,and quality of life of patients were evaluated.Results Three months after implantation of 125I particles,complete response(CR)was obtained in 3 patients,partial remission(PR)in 5 patients,and stable disease(SD)in 4 patients,with an objective response rate(ORR)of 66.67％and a disease control rate(DCR)of 100％.The preoperative mean NRS score was(5.58±0.79)points,and the postoperative 3-month mean NRS score was(2.08±0.67)points.The postoperative 3-month physiological well-being(PWB),emotional well-being(EWB),functional well-being(FWB),and the total score were significantly better than their preoperative values,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).No statistically significant difference in social/family well-being(SWB)existed between its postoperative 3-month value and its preoperative value.Adverse reactions occurred in 2 patients,including local mucosal ulceration(n=1)and skin redness with swelling(n=1),which were improved after treatment.No serious complications occurred.Conclusion For the treatment of patients with head and neck malignant tumors complicated by moderate to severe cancerous pain,radioactive 125I particle implantation has a significant short-term effect,it can effectively relieve cancerous pain and improve quality of life of patients with reliable clinical safety.

Objectives:To explore the antitumor effects of redox-responsive nanoparticles containing platinum(Ⅳ)—NP@Pt(Ⅳ) in ovarian cancer.Methods:Redox-responsive polymer carriers were synthesized. Polymer carriers and platinum(Ⅳ)—Pt(Ⅳ) can self-assemble into NP@Pt(Ⅳ). Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was performed to detect the platinum release from NP@Pt(Ⅳ) in reducing environment and the platinum content in ovarian cancer cells ES2 treated with cisplatin, Pt(Ⅳ) and NP@Pt(Ⅳ). The proliferation ability of the ovarian cancer cells were detected by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cellular apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. Collection of primary ovarian cancer tissues from patients with primary high-grade serous ovarian cancer who were surgically treated at the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences from October to December 2022. The high-grade serous ovarian cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mice were intravenously injected with Cy7.5 labeled NP@Pt(Ⅳ) followed by in vivo imaging system. Mice were treated with PBS, cisplatin and NP@Pt(Ⅳ). Tumor volume and weight were measured in each group. Necrosis, apoptosis and cell proliferation of tumor tissues were detected by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, TUNEL fluorescence staining and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry staining. Body weight and HE staining of heart, liver, spleen, lung and kidney of mice in each group were measured.Results:The platinum release of NP@Pt(Ⅳ) after 48 hours in reducing environment was 76.29%, which was significantly higher than that of 26.82% in non-reducing environment ( P<0.001). The platinum content in ES2 cells after 4 hours and 7 hours of treatment with NP@Pt(Ⅳ) (308.59, 553.15 ng/million cells) were significantly higher than those of Pt(Ⅳ) (100.21, 180.31 ng/million cells) and cisplatin (43.36, 50.36 ng/million cells, P＜0.05). The half inhibitory concentrations of NP@Pt(Ⅳ) in ovarian cancer cells ES2, A2780, A2780DDP were 1.39, 1.42 and 4.62 μmol/L, respectively, which were lower than those of Pt(IV) (2.89, 7.27, and 16.74 μmol/L) and cisplatin (5.21, 11.85, and 71.98 μmol/L). The apoptosis rate of ES2 cells treated with NP@Pt(Ⅳ) was (33.91±3.80)%, which was significantly higher than that of Pt(Ⅳ) [(16.28±2.41)%] and cisplatin [(15.01±1.17)%, P＜0.05]. In high-grade serous ovarian cancer PDX model, targeted accumulation of Cy7.5 labeled NP@Pt(Ⅳ) at tumor tissue could be observed. After the treatment, the tumor volume of mice in NP@Pt(IV) group was (130±98) mm 3, which was significantly lower than those in control group [(1 349±161) mm 3, P<0.001] and cisplatin group [(715±293) mm 3, P=0.026]. The tumor weight of mice in NP@Pt(IV) group was (0.17±0.09)g, which was significantly lower than those in control group [(1.55±0.11)g, P<0.001] and cisplatin group [(0.82±0.38)g, P=0.029]. The areas of tumor necrosis and apoptosis in mice treated with NP@Pt(Ⅳ) were higher than those in mice treated with cisplatin. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that there were low expressions of Ki-67 at tumor tissues of mice treated with NP@Pt(Ⅳ) compared with cisplatin. The change in body weight of mice in NP@Pt(Ⅳ) group was not significantly different from that of the control group [(18.56±2.04)g vs.(20.87±0.79)g, P=0.063]. Moreover, the major organs of the heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney were also normal by HE staining. Conclusion:Redox-responsive NP@Pt(Ⅳ), produced in this study can enhance the accumulation of cisplatin in ovarian cancer cells and improve the efficacy of ovarian cancer chemotherapy.

Objective To investigate the fluctuations in the population density of Aedes albopictus and changes in the population density of Ae. albopictus in different geographical areas and different breeding habitats in Guangdong Province from 2018 to 2023, so as to provide insights into prevention and control of mosquito-borne infectious diseases in the province. Methods Ae. albopictus surveillance sites were assigned in 1 609 townships (streets) from 121 districts (counties) of 21 cities in Guangdong Province during the period between March and November from 2018 to 2023. The surveillance of the population density of Ae. albopictus was performed once a month in each surveillance site, and once a month in specific settings in cities where dengue were highly prevalent in Guangdong Province from December to February of the next year during the period from 2018 through 2023. Four streets (villages) were selected in each surveillance site according to the geographic orientation, and mosquito ovitraps were assigned in gardens, rooftops or public green belts at residential areas, parks, hospitals and construction sites. All mosquito ovitraps were collected, and the mosquito ovitrap index (MOI) was calculated. The population density of Ae. albopictus was classified into four grades in each surveillance site according to MOI, including no risk, low risk, medium risk and high risk. The risk classification of the Ae. albopictus density was analyzed in each surveillance site each year from 2018 to 2023, and the population density of Ae. albopictus was analyzed at different months and in different geographical areas and breeding habitats. Results A total of 118 241 Ae. albopictus surveillance sites were assigned in 21 cities of Guangdong Province from 2018 to 2023, and there were 68.26% of the surveillance sites with the population density of Ae. albopictus that met the requirements for dengue prevention and control, among which low, medium and high risk surveillance sites accounted for 23.61%, 6.67% and 1.47%. The risk classification of the Ae. albopictus density increased rapidly in Guangdong Province since April to May each year from 2018 to 2023, and then gradually reduced since September to October, with the peak during the period between May and July. The mean MOI was 4.21 at each surveillance site in Guangdong Province during the period from 2018 to 2023, with 4.69, 4.80, 4.38, 3.82, 3.38, and 4.33 from 2018 to 2023, respectively. The MOI was 4.35, 4.43, 3.53 and 3.58 in the Pearl River Delta region, and eastern, western, and northern Guangdong Province, respectively, and was 4.18, 5.44, 4.75, 3.24, 4.27 and 3.70 in residential areas, parks, construction sites, hospitals, waste collection stations, and other breeding habitats, respectively. Conclusions The population density of adult Ae. albopictus peaked in Guangdong Province during the period between May and July from 2018 to 2023, with a high density of Ae. albopictus in the Pearl River Delta region and eastern Guangdong Province. Targeted Ae. albopictus control measures are recommended to be implemented prior to the peak of the Ae. albopictus population density to reduce the development of mosquito-borne infectious diseases.

Autoimmune disease is a kind of heterogeneous disease caused by the loss of immune tolerance to autoantigens.In recent years,antibody drug has become an important choice for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.Monoclonal antibodies are limited by their large relative molecular mass and difficult to penetrate solid tissues,while nanobodies,the smallest antibody fragment known to date with intact antigen recognition,have gained much attention in the treatment of autoimmune diseases due to their ease of modifi-cation,high penetration,and ability to target more cryptic epitopes.The review focuses on the application of nanobodies in the treat-ment of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis,acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura,systemic lupus erythematosus,psoria-sis,and looks forward to the prospect of nanobodies in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.