Purpose: Recurrent cystitis, particularly common in women, substantially diminishes patient quality of life and represents a major clinical practice and public health burden. Increasing development of resistance to antibiotics has encouraged the search for alternative treatments. The benefits of a food supplement associating two Lactobacillus strains with proanthocyanidin A-rich cranberry and cinnamon extracts were evaluated in 80 women with a history of cystitis recurrence. Materials and Methods: Post-inclusion recurrence frequency was compared between women taking the investigated supplement daily for 6 months and non-supplemented women, based on patient-completed Acute Cystitis Symptom Score (ACSS) questionnaires. Results: Two-thirds (64.9%) of supplemented women experienced no further episodes of cystitis during the first 6 months of the study compared to only one-third (31.6%) of non-supplemented women (p=0.004), the difference between the two groups being significant from 3 months onward. ACSS scores revealed significantly fewer and less severe urinary symptoms in supplemented women, as well as a significantly reduced impact of these symptoms on quality of life (p<0.0001). Conclusions The results shown by extensive data on women suffering from recurrent cystitis, collected over 8 months, indicate that taking the tested supplement daily for 6 months can provide significant benefits in terms of recurrence frequency, symptoms, and quality of life. The study is registered on the ClinicalTrials.gov site under the identifier NCT04987164.

Calonectria pseudonaviculata and C. henricotiae are two closely related fungal species responsiblefor boxwood blight disease of ornamental shrubs (Buxus spp.) in the U.S. and Europe.A previous study has shown isolates of the latter species, which is restricted to Europe, tobe less sensitive to tetraconazole, an azole fungicide. In this study, we have analyzed theCYP51 paralogs for polymorphism in 26 genomes, representing geographically disparatepopulations of C. pseudonaviculata (n¼19) and C. henricotiae (n¼7), from the U.S., Europe,Asia, and New Zealand. The presence of a CYP51A pseudogene and lack of a functionalCYP51A paralog in all C. pseudonaviculata genomes examined is a novel discovery for fungiand could have implications for the evolution of resistance to antifungal chemicals.

Calonectria pseudonaviculata and C. henricotiae are two closely related fungal species responsiblefor boxwood blight disease of ornamental shrubs (Buxus spp.) in the U.S. and Europe.A previous study has shown isolates of the latter species, which is restricted to Europe, tobe less sensitive to tetraconazole, an azole fungicide. In this study, we have analyzed theCYP51 paralogs for polymorphism in 26 genomes, representing geographically disparatepopulations of C. pseudonaviculata (n¼19) and C. henricotiae (n¼7), from the U.S., Europe,Asia, and New Zealand. The presence of a CYP51A pseudogene and lack of a functionalCYP51A paralog in all C. pseudonaviculata genomes examined is a novel discovery for fungiand could have implications for the evolution of resistance to antifungal chemicals.