Recent studies have suggested that long-term application of anti-angiogenic drugs may impair oral mucosal wound healing. This study investigated the effect of sunitinib on oral mucosal healing impairment in mice and the therapeutic potential of Bifidobacterium breve (B. breve). A mouse hard palate mucosal defect model was used to investigate the influence of sunitinib and/or zoledronate on wound healing. The volume and density of the bone under the mucosal defect were assessed by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Inflammatory factors were detected by protein microarray analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The senescence and biological functions were tested in oral mucosal stem cells (OMSCs) treated with sunitinib. Ligated loop experiments were used to investigate the effect of oral B. breve. Neutralizing antibody for interleukin-10 (IL-10) was used to prove the critical role of IL-10 in the pro-healing process derived from B. breve. Results showed that sunitinib caused oral mucosal wound healing impairment in mice. In vitro, sunitinib induced cellular senescence in OMSCs and affected biological functions such as proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Oral administration of B. breve reduced oral mucosal inflammation and promoted wound healing via intestinal dendritic cells (DCs)-derived IL-10. IL-10 reversed cellular senescence caused by sunitinib in OMSCs, and IL-10 neutralizing antibody blocked the ameliorative effect of B. breve on oral mucosal wound healing under sunitinib treatment conditions. In conclusion, sunitinib induces cellular senescence in OMSCs and causes oral mucosal wound healing impairment and oral administration of B. breve could improve wound healing impairment via intestinal DCs-derived IL-10.
Animals ; Mice ; Interleukin-10 ; Bifidobacterium breve ; Up-Regulation ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; Sunitinib ; X-Ray Microtomography ; Administration, Oral ; Wound Healing ; Antibodies, Neutralizing

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a refractory cancer with high degree of malignancy, rapid disease progression, poor prognosis and easy recurrence. In the past 30 years, the traditional treatment of SCLC, mainly chemotherapy and radiotherapy, has not changed significantly, and the effective treatment method for clinical needs is extremely urgent. The rapid development of precision medicine has revealed the molecular biological characteristics of SCLC, so its diagnosis and treatment will into a new era. At present, some studies have shown that anti-angiogenic drugs, immunotherapy and so on have improved the efficacy of SCLC treatment to some extent, and there are more studies on the diagnosis and treatment of SCLC, so a new field of SCLC treatment are coming and bringing more survival benefits to patients. New studies on targeted therapy, anti-angiogenesis drugs and immunotherapy of molecular pathology of SCLC are emerging. This paper reviews the new diagnosis and treatment methods of SCLC to provide new guidance for its clinical treatment.
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Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; administration & dosage ; Animals ; Humans ; Immunologic Factors ; administration & dosage ; Immunotherapy ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ; diagnosis ; drug therapy

Notopterygium incisum (QH) has been used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and volatile oils may be its mainly bioactive constituents. The present study was designed to analyze the volatile compounds in QH and to determine the anti-arthritic capacity of Notopterygium volatile oils and the potential mechanism of action. The volatile compounds analysis was conducted by GC-MS. The anti-arthritic capacity test of the volatile oils was conducted on adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) rats. The anti-inflammatory property was tested in NO release model in RAW 264.7 cells. Endothelial cells were used to evaluate the anti-proliferative and anti-tube formative effects. 70 compounds were analyzed by GC-MS in the volatile oils. Notopterygium volatile oils weakened the rat AIA in a dose-dependent manner (2, 4, and 8 g crude drug/kg). The NO production by RAW 264.7 was decreased by more than 50% in Notopterygium volatile oils (5, 15, and 45 μg·mL) pretreated groups. Notopterygium volatile oils also inhibited EAhy926 cell proliferation and further delayed EAhy926 cell capillary tube formation in a concentration-dependent manner. The anti-NO productive, anti-proliferative, and anti-tube formative effects of Notopterygium volatile oils strongly suggested that the therapeutic effect of QH in AIA might be related to the potent anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic capacities of the volatile oils.
Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Apiaceae ; chemistry ; Arthritis, Experimental ; drug therapy ; immunology ; physiopathology ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Male ; Mice ; Nitric Oxide ; immunology ; Oils, Volatile ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; RAW 264.7 Cells ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

PURPOSE: To evaluate 12-month outcomes of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) with grape-like polyp clusters. METHODS: This retrospective observational study included 23 eyes of 23 patients who were newly diagnosed with PCV with grape-like polyp clusters, and who were subsequently treated with anti-VEGF monotherapy. The study compares the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of the patients at diagnosis, at 3 months, and at 12 months after diagnosis. In addition, 12-month changes in BCVA values were compared between cases with subfoveal or juxtafoveal polyps and cases with extrafoveal polyps. RESULTS: The baseline, 3-month, and 12-month logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution BCVA was 0.62 ± 0.35, 0.50 ± 0.43, and 0.58 ± 0.48, respectively. Compared to the baseline, patient BCVA was not significantly different at 12 months after diagnosis (p = 0.764). Six eyes (26.1%) gained ≥0.2 logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution BCVA. In cases with subfoveal or juxtafoveal polyps, BCVA values at baseline and at 12 months after diagnosis were 0.66 ± 0.37 and 0.69 ± 0.53, respectively. In cases with extrafoveal polyps, the values were 0.54 ± 0.33 and 0.37 ± 0.31, respectively. Changes in BCVA values were significantly different between the two groups (p = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS: Although anti-VEGF therapy has favorable short-term efficacy for treating PCV with grape-like polyp clusters, long-term visual improvements are generally limited in the majority of afflicted eyes. The presence of subfoveal or juxtafoveal polyps may suggest unfavorable treatment outcomes.
Aged ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors/*administration & dosage ; Choroid/blood supply/*diagnostic imaging ; Choroidal Neovascularization/diagnosis/*drug therapy ; Female ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fundus Oculi ; Humans ; Intravitreal Injections ; Male ; Polyps/diagnosis/*drug therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/*antagonists & inhibitors

PURPOSE: Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) is the first choice of treatment for age-related macular degeneration. However, quite a few eyes treated using conventional dose anti-VEGF (CDAV) have persistent pigment epithelial detachment (PED) on optical coherence tomography. This study investigated the efficacy and safety of high dose anti-VEGF (HDAV) for refractory PED. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 31 eyes of neovascular age-related macular degeneration patients with persistent PED findings despite six or more intravitreal injections of CDAV (bevacizumab 1.25 mg or ranibizumab 2.5 mg) were analyzed. Changes in visual outcome, central foveal thickness, and PED height were compared before and after HDAV (bevacizumab 5.0 mg) for these refractory PED cases. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 67.7 years. The number of CDAV injections was 12.1. The number of HDAV injections was 3.39. Best-corrected visual acuity in logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution before and after HDAV was 0.49 and 0.41 (p < 0.001), respectively. Central foveal thickness before and after HDAV was 330.06 and 311.10 µm (p = 0.125), respectively. PED height before and after HDAV was 230.28 and 204.07 µm (p = 0.014), respectively. There were no serious adverse reactions in all the eyes. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing the dose of bevacizumab in refractory PED may be a possible treatment option.
Aged ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors/administration & dosage ; Bevacizumab/*administration & dosage ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Fundus Oculi ; Humans ; Intravitreal Injections ; Macular Degeneration/*complications/diagnosis/drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retinal Detachment/diagnosis/*drug therapy/etiology ; Retinal Pigment Epithelium/*diagnostic imaging/drug effects ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effects of posterior subtenon triamcinolone acetonide injection on refractory diabetic macular edema (DME) after intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injection failure. METHODS: Patients with DME and central subfield thickness (CST) >300 microm who did not respond to IVB injections were retrospectively included. Specifically, we enrolled patients who were diagnosed with refractory DME and who experienced an increase in CST after 1 to 2 IVB injections or no decrease after > or =3 consecutive IVB injections. One clinician injected 20 mg of triamcinolone acetonide into the posterior subtenon space. All patients received ophthalmic examinations at baseline and at 2, 4, and 6 months post-baseline. Examinations included Snellen visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. RESULTS: Forty eyes of 34 patients were included. The average baseline CST was 476 microm. The average CST decreased to 368 microm at 2 months, 374 microm at 4 months, and 427 microm at 6 months (p < 0.001 for all results, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). The average intraocular pressure increased from 15.50 to 16.92 mmHg at 2 months but decreased to 16.30 mmHg at 4 months and 15.65 mmHg at 6 months. Logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity improved from 0.56 to 0.50 at 2 months (p = 0.023), 0.50 at 4 months (p = 0.083), and 0.48 at 6 months (p = 0.133, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). No complications were detected. CONCLUSIONS: Posterior subtenon triamcinolone acetonide is an effective and safe treatment for reducing CST in DME refractory to IVB.
Aged ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors/*therapeutic use ; Bevacizumab/*therapeutic use ; Diabetic Retinopathy/diagnostic imaging/*drug therapy/physiopathology ; Female ; Glucocorticoids/*administration & dosage ; Humans ; Injections, Intraocular ; Intraocular Pressure/physiology ; Intravitreal Injections ; Macular Edema/diagnostic imaging/*drug therapy/physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Tenon Capsule/*drug effects ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Treatment Failure ; Triamcinolone Acetonide/*administration & dosage ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors ; Visual Acuity/physiology

Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Intravitreal Injections ; methods ; Ranibizumab ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Retinopathy of Prematurity ; drug therapy ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Angiogenesis Inhibitors/administration & dosage/adverse effects ; Bevacizumab/administration & dosage/*adverse effects ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemangioma, Capillary/diagnosis/*drug therapy ; Humans ; Intravitreal Injections ; Male ; Photochemotherapy/*adverse effects ; Retina/*pathology ; Retinal Detachment/*chemically induced/diagnosis ; Retinal Neoplasms/diagnosis/*drug therapy ; Time Factors ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: To compare the recurrence rates and complications associated with instillation of topical mitomycin C, cyclosporine, and bevacizumab after primary pterygium surgery. METHODS: Between July 2013 and June 2014, we performed surgery using the bare sclera method on 132 eyes (132 patients) with primary pterygium. We randomly selected 33 eyes (33 patients) and treated them with artificial tears four times a day for three months, 29 eyes (29 patients) were treated with topical 0.02% mitomycin C four times a day for five days, 34 eyes (34 patients) were treated with topical 0.05% cyclosporine four times a day for three months, and 36 eyes (36 patients) were treated with topical 2.5% bevacizumab four times a day for three months after surgery. We prospectively determined the recurrence rates of pterygium and complications at the six-month follow-up examination. RESULTS: At six months after surgery, the recurrence rates in each group were as follows: 45.5% (15 eyes) in the control group, 10.3% (three eyes) in the mitomycin C group, 20.6% (seven eyes) in the cyclosporine group, and 41.7% (15 eyes) in the bevacizumab group (p = 0.004). No serious complications, except subconjunctival hemorrhages, were observed in any group. CONCLUSIONS: Groups receiving topical 0.02% mitomycin C and 0.05% cyclosporine after surgery showed lower recurrence rates than the control group; however, no difference in recurrence rate was observed between the control group and the group receiving topical 2.5% bevacizumab after surgery.
Administration, Topical ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alkylating Agents/administration & dosage ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors/administration & dosage ; Bevacizumab/*administration & dosage ; Cell Count ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Cyclosporine/*administration & dosage ; Double-Blind Method ; Endothelium, Corneal/pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents/administration & dosage ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mitomycin/*administration & dosage ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures ; Prospective Studies ; Pterygium/diagnosis/*drug therapy/*surgery ; Recurrence ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors

PURPOSE: To report the results of switching treatment to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) Trap-Eye (aflibercept) in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) refractory to anti-VEGF (ranibizumab and bevacizumab). METHODS: This is a retrospective study involving 32 eyes from 29 patients; 18 were cases of neovascular AMD and 14 were cases of PCV. The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography were evaluated. RESULTS: BCVA and CMT improved from 0.58 to 0.55 (p = 0.005) and from 404 to 321 microm (p < 0.001), respectively, after switching to aflibercept. The 14 eyes that received 6 or more aflibercept injections remained stable at 0.81 to 0.81 and 321 to 327 microm (p = 1.0, 0.29), respectively, after 3 aflibercept injections. The 10 eyes that received 3 or more bevacizumab injections after 3 or more aflibercept injections worsened, from 0.44 to 0.47 and from 332 to 346 microm (p = 0.06, 0.05), respectively. The results showed similar improvement of BCVA and CMT in neovascular AMD and PCV. CONCLUSIONS: Aflibercept seems to be effective for improvement and maintenance of BCVA and CMT for neovascular AMD and PCV refractory to anti-VEGF. Switching from aflibercept back to bevacizumab treatment may not be a proper strategy.
Angiogenesis Inhibitors/administration & dosage ; Bevacizumab/administration & dosage ; Choroid/*blood supply ; Choroid Diseases/complications/diagnosis/*drug therapy ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intravitreal Injections ; Male ; Ranibizumab/administration & dosage ; Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/*administration & dosage ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/*administration & dosage ; Retinal Neovascularization/complications/diagnosis/*drug therapy ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, Optical Coherence ; Treatment Outcome ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/*antagonists & inhibitors ; *Visual Acuity ; Wet Macular Degeneration/diagnosis/*drug therapy/etiology