Objective To systematically evaluate the effects of total intravenous anesthesia and inhalational anesthesia on postoperative recovery in patients undergoing transsphenoidal pituitary tumor resection.Methods A comprehensive search was conducted in international biomedical databases including Ovid Medline,Embase,CINAHL(EBSCO),Cochrane Library,and Web of Science,from inception to July 4,2023.Additionally,ClinicalTrials.gov and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform were searched for ongoing and completed trials.The randomized controlled trials(RCT)comparing total intravenous anesthesia and inhalational anesthesia in patients undergoing transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary tumors were included.The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated by the Cochrane Collaboration tool.Relevant data were extracted and synthesized for analysis.Results A total of 327 records were identified,of which eight RCTs met the inclusion criteria.Four studies showed that the patients receiving desflurane or sevoflurane anesthesia experienced faster emergence from anesthesia than those receiving propofol.Two studies indicated that patients in the propofol group had lower levels of emergence agitation and a lower incidence of early postoperative nausea and vomiting.The results on postoperative cognitive function were inconsistent across studies.No differences were found between the groups in terms of postoperative complications or overall recovery quality during hospitalization.Conclusions Inhalational anesthesia appears to provide an advantage in promoting faster emergence following transsphenoidal pituitary surgery,whereas total intravenous anesthesia may contribute to smoother and more stable recovery.Further high-quality studies are needed to clarify the effects of different anesthetic techniques on both short- and long-term postoperative recovery.
Humans ; Anesthesia, Intravenous ; Pituitary Neoplasms/surgery* ; Anesthesia, Inhalation ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Anesthesia Recovery Period ; Pituitary Gland/surgery* ; Postoperative Period

Background and Objective: Brachytherapy is the only demonstrated technique of delivering the high radiation dose required to control cervical cancer (>80 Gray [Gy]) without causing unwanted side effects. There is still limited data available in the Philippines regarding the anesthetic management of patients receiving intracavitary brachytherapy for cervical cancer. It is the aim of this study to present the anesthetic management of these procedures performed in a non-operating site remote from the main hospital during the first 1 ½ years of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A retrospective review of 446 eligible charts was made. Data collected included demographic variables, ASA physical status classification, anesthetic technique, anesthetic agents used, oxygen supplementation device, duration of procedure, intra-procedure complication, intra-procedure pain medications, post-procedure pain medications, recovery room (RR) rescue medications, time to fulfill discharge criteria, and patient disposition. Results: Four hundred forty-six (446) anesthetic encounters involving 117 patients is presented. Charts from 46 patients were excluded as it cannot be located. Mean age of the patients was 49 years with majority having normal BMI. Spinal anesthesia (SA) was more frequently (75%) used compared to total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA). Less than 5% immediate anesthesia-related complications were recorded and all patients were discharged on the same day. Conclusion Spinal anesthesia and TIVA are safe and effective anesthetic techniques in patients with cervical cancer undergoing high dose intracavitary brachytherapy. Prospective studies to assess other aspects of their care as well as anesthesia-related long-term effects from repetitive anesthetic exposure is recommended.
brachytherapy ; uterine cervical neoplasm ; anesthesia, spinal ; anesthesia, intravenous

Objective: To investigate the reduction effect of hoding cricoarytenoid joint reduction with visual laryngoscope under intravenous anesthesia. Methods: The therapeutic effects of 40 patients with arytenoid dislocation(AD)treated by closed reduction in the single center from January 2020 to September 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, including 21 males and 19 females, median age 48 years. The etiology, symptoms, preoperative evaluation methods, reduction mode, reduction times, and the recovery of arytenoid cartilage movement and sound after reduction were evaluated and analyzed. Results: All patients had obvious hoarseness and breath sound before treatment. Under stroboscopic laryngoscope or electronic nasopharyngoscope, different degrees of vocal cord movement disorder and poor glottic closure can be seen. There were 28 cases of left dislocation, 9 cases of right dislocation and 3 cases of bilateral dislocation. The etiology of dislocation of cricoarytenoid joint: 25 cases (62.5%) of tracheal intubation under general anesthesia were the most common causes, was as follows by laryngeal trauma, gastroscopy, cough, vomiting and so on. Among them, 28 cases of reduction were initially diagnosed in our department, and 12 cases were diagnosed later after failure of reduction treatment. Of the 40 patients, 6 underwent reduction 24 hours after dislocation; 18 cases from 3 days to 1 month; 7 cases from 1 to 3 months; 6 cases were reset in 3~6 months; Over 6 months in 3 cases. After one reduction, 10 cases (10/40, 25%) recovered normal pronunciation, 14 cases (14/40, 35%) recovered normal pronunciation after two reduction, 10 cases (10/40, 25%) recovered normal pronunciation after three times, 2 cases (2/40, 5%) recovered normal pronunciation after four times, and 1 case (2.5%) recovered normal pronunciation after five times. Thin slice CT scan of larynx and cricoarytenoid joint reconstruction showed the types of AD: subluxation in 37 cases (92.5%) and total dislocation in 3 cases; 28 cases of left dislocation, 9 cases of right dislocation and 3 cases of bilateral dislocation; 29 cases (72.5%) had posterior dislocation and 11 cases (27.5%) had anterior dislocation. All patients were treated by intravenous anesthesia with arytenoid cartilage clamped by cricoarytenoid joint reduction forceps under visual laryngoscope. The curative effect was evaluated by stroboscopic laryngoscope and/or voice analysis at 1-2 weeks after operation. The vocal cord movement returned to normal and the pronunciation was good in 37 cases (92.5%). Conclusions: Hoding cricoarytenoid joint reduction with the vision laryngoscope under intravenous anesthesia is easy to operate and the reduction effect is more stable. It is a effective method for AD.
Anesthesia, Intravenous/adverse effects* ; Arytenoid Cartilage/injuries* ; Female ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal/adverse effects* ; Joint Dislocations/therapy* ; Laryngeal Diseases/etiology* ; Laryngoscopes/adverse effects* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of a history of vaginal delivery on anesthesia management of patients undergoing hysteroscopic surgery under intravenous general anesthesia without tracheal intubation. METHODS: Ninety-nine patients undergoing hysteroscopic surgery under intravenous general anesthesia were enrolled in this study, including 43 patients with (VD group) and 56 patients without a history of vaginal delivery (NVD group). For all the patients, blood pressure, heart rate (HR), blood oxygen saturation (SpO₂) and bispectral index (BIS) were recorded before anesthesia (T1), after anesthesia (T2), after cervical dilation (T3), and at 3 min after cervical dilation (T4). Propofol and etomidate doses during anesthesia induction, the total dose of propofol administered, additional intraoperative bolus dose and times of propofol, intraoperative body movement, total operation time and surgeons' satisfaction feedback scores were compared between the two groups. The postoperative awake time, recovery time, VAS score at 30 min after operation, and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) were also compared. RESULTS: There was no significant differences in SBP, DBP, HR, SpO₂, or BIS between the two groups at T1 and T2, but at T3 and T4, SBP and DBP were significantly higher in NVD group than in VD group (P < 0.01); HR was significantly higher in NVD group only at T3 (P < 0.01). The application of vasoactive drugs did not differ significantly between the two groups. The total dose of propofol, additional intraoperative dose and times of propofol were all greater in NVD group than in VD group (P < 0.01). More body movements of the patients were observed in NVD group (P < 0.01), which also had lower surgeons' satisfaction score for anesthesia (P < 0.01), higher postoperative VAS score (P < 0.05), and shorter postoperative awake time (P < 0.05) and recovery time (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION A history of vaginal delivery has a significant impact on anesthesia management of patients undergoing hysteroscopic surgery under intravenous general anesthesia without tracheal intubation in terms of hemodynamic changes, anesthetic medication, and postoperative recovery quality, suggesting the necessity of individualized anesthesia management for these patients.
Anesthesia, General ; Anesthesia, Intravenous ; Anesthetics, Intravenous ; Cohort Studies ; Delivery, Obstetric ; Female ; Humans ; Hysteroscopy ; Pregnancy ; Propofol

Awake craniotomy is a neurosurgical technique that involves an awake neurological testing during the resection of an intracranial lesion in eloquent cerebral cortical areas representing motor, language, and speech. This technique is highlighted by an intra-operative cortical mapping that requires active participation by the patient and poses unique challenges to the anesthesiologist. The surgical and anesthetic techniques have evolved significantly over time, as the neurosurgeon and the anesthesiologist learn new steps in making this technique safe to achieve reasonable patient satisfaction. A thorough understanding of this surgical technique's rationale will guide the anesthesiologist in planning the anesthetic management depending on the surgery and neurologic testing. Constant communication between the neurosurgeon, anesthesiologist, and the patient will define this surgical technique's success. It is already a well-established procedure; however, factors that contribute to failures in awake craniotomy procedures have not been well characterized in the literature. Failure is defined as the inability to conduct awake neurologic testing during the awake craniotomy procedure because of various factors which will be described. This paper aims to review the challenges in the performance of three (3) cases of awake craniotomies performed in the Philippine General Hospital. The challenges described in these three (3) cases reveal that this can be experienced by the neurosurgeon, neuroanesthesiologist, and most especially the patient in an acute critical condition. Identification of the procedures' failure and the steps taken to manage such situations with the patient's safety in mind are discussed.
Anesthesia, Intravenous ; Anesthesia, General

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the maximum dose of continuous mivacurium infusion for intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) and observe the adverse reactions during thyroid surgery under total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA). METHODS: Thirty patients undergoing IONM during thyroid surgery received continuous infusion of mivacurium at the initial rate of 14.97 μg · kg RESULTS: The EC CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing thyroid surgery under TIVA, the EC
Anesthesia, Intravenous ; Humans ; Mivacurium ; Propofol ; Remifentanil ; Thyroid Gland

OBJECTIVES: Bispectral index (BIS) can reflect the depth of propofol sedation. This study aims to compare the anesthetic satisfaction, anesthetic dose, and hemodynamic changes between closed-loop target controlled infusion (CLTCI) and open-loop target controlled infusion (OLTCI) during abdominal surgery. METHODS: From December 2016 to December 2018, 70 patients undergoing abdominal surgery under general anesthesia were selected in Beijing Hospital, including 51 males and 19 females, at the age from 49 to 65 years old. They were classified as grade I-II by the American Society of anesthesiologists (ASA) and were randomly divided into the CLTCI group and the OLTCI group ( RESULTS: In the induction stage, the percentage of adequate anesthesia time in the CLTCI group was higher than that in the OLTCI group, and the percentage of deep anesthesia time in the CLTCI group was significantly lower than that in the OLTCI group (both CONCLUSIONS Compared with propofol OLTCI, anesthesia with propofol CLTCI under BIS guidance can maintain a more appropriate depth of anesthesia sedation and more stable hemodynamics.
Abdomen/surgery* ; Aged ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthesia, Intravenous ; Anesthetics, Intravenous ; Electroencephalography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Propofol ; Remifentanil ; Surgical Procedures, Operative

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical data of patients undergoing intravenous sedation in oral and maxillofacial surgery, to understand the epidemiological characteristics, to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous sedation for oral surgery, and to summarize our experience. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of patients undergoing intravenous sedation between January 2010 and December 2018 in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School of Stomatology. The gender, age, source, disease types, the values of perioperative vital signs, the use of sedatives and analgesics, duration of surgery and sedation, effect of sedation during the operation and the postoperative anterograde amnesia were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 2 582 patients experienced oral surgery by intravenous sedation. The peak age was 3.5 to 10 years and between 21 to 40 years. Supernumerary teeth (38%, 981/2 582) and impacted third molars (30%, 775/2 582) were the major disease types, and other types of disease accounted for 32 percent (826/2 582). The values of heart rate(HR), mean arterial pressure(MAP), respiration rate(RR) and bispectral index(BIS) showed statistically significant differences at the time of before sedation, local anesthesia injection, surgical incision, 10 min after operation and the end of operation. In the study, 69%(1 781/2 582) cases received midazolam alone, 7%(181/2 582) cases received propofol alone, and 24% (620/2 582) cases received midazolam and propofol combined for intravenous sedation. Fentanyl (33%, 852/2 582)was the most common intravenous analgesic we used, followed by flurbiprofen axetil (23%, 594/2 582) and ketorolac tromethamine (6%, 157/2 582). Besides, 35% (907/2 582) patients didn't use any intravenous analgesic during the surgery. The average operation time was (31.2±20.8) min, and the average sedation time was (38.4±19.2) min. During the surgery procedure, most of the patients scored on a scale of 2 to 4 according to the Ramsay sedation score (RSS). The postoperative anterograde amnesia rates of local anesthesia injection, surgical incision and dental drill during surgery were 94% (2 431/2 582), 92% (2 375/2 582) and 75% (1 452/1 936). CONCLUSION Intravenous sedation on the oral and maxillofacial surgery is effective and safe, can make the patients more comfortable, and should be further promoted and applied.
Anesthesia, Dental ; Anesthetics, Intravenous ; Humans ; Hypnotics and Sedatives ; Midazolam ; Propofol ; Retrospective Studies ; Surgery, Oral

PURPOSE: Although there are significant risks, retrobulbar anesthesia is commonly used for eye surgery. We report two cases of Purtscher-like retinopathy, a rare complication. CASE SUMMARY: (Case 1) A 76-year-old female visited our hospital because of decreased vision. She underwent right cataract surgery with retrobulbar anesthesia. After 7 days, she had decreased visual acuity (VA) and a constricted visual field. Multiple white spots and cotton wool spots around the optic nerve and post pole, macular edema (ME), and subretinal fluid (SRF) were found using a fundus examination. A non-perfusion area and staining of the vascular wall were seen using fluorescence angiography. Although carotid arterial angiography, thrombolysis, and intravenous injection of high-dose steroids were performed, the ME and SRF persisted. After intravitreal aflibercept was injected twice (2-month interval), the ME and SRF decreased and remained stable. (Case 2) A 61-year-old male underwent left cataract surgery with retrobulbar anesthesia. After anesthesia, the VA of the left eye was 10 cm finger count. The fundus examination showed multiple hemorrhage blots and retinal hemorrhages, and hyperfluorescence around the optic nerve and post pole; vascular wall staining revealed a Purtscher-like retinopathy. Left carotid arterial angiography, thrombolysis, and intravenous injection of high-dose steroids were then performed. After treatment, the VA of the left eye, ME, and SRF were improved at the 4-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: We report rare complications of retrobulbar anesthesia, with active and timely treatment having a positive impact on the visual prognosis.
Aged ; Anesthesia ; Angiography ; Cataract ; Dental Caries ; Female ; Fingers ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Macular Edema ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Optic Nerve ; Prognosis ; Retinal Hemorrhage ; Steroids ; Subretinal Fluid ; Visual Acuity ; Visual Fields ; Wool

BACKGROUND: Sevoflurane is widely used to anesthetize children because of its rapid action with minimal irritation of the airways. However, there is a high risk of agitation after emergence from anesthesia. Strabismus surgery, in particular, can trigger agitation because patients have their eyes covered in the postoperative period. The aim of this study was to determine whether or not esmolol and lidocaine could decrease emergence agitation in children. METHODS: Eighty-four patients aged 3 to 9 years undergoing strabismus surgery were randomly assigned to a control group (saline only), a group that received intravenous lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg, and a group that received intravenous esmolol 0.5 mg/kg and lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg. Agitation was measured using the objective pain score, Cole 5-point score, and Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale score at the end of surgery, on arrival in the recovery room, and 10 and 30 min after arrival. RESULTS: The group that received the combination of esmolol and lidocaine showed lower OPS and RASS scores than the other two groups when patients awoke from anesthesia (OPS = 0 (0-4), RASS = -4 [(-5)-1]) and were transferred to the recovery room (OPS = 0 (0-8), RASS = -1 [(-5)-3]) (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the severity of agitation among the three groups at other time points (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: When pediatric strabismus surgery is accompanied by sevoflurane anesthesia, an intravenous injection of esmolol and lidocaine could alleviate agitation until arrival in the recovery room. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Research Information Service, No. KCT0002925; https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/en/search/search_result_st01.jsp?seq=11532.
Anesthesia ; methods ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Double-Blind Method ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Lidocaine ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Propanolamines ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Sevoflurane ; therapeutic use ; Strabismus ; surgery ; Wakefulness ; drug effects