Three-dimensional (3D) laser scanning has revolutionized precision medicine by enabling non-invasive, highresolution digital modeling of anatomical structures. Over the past decade, advancements in hardware and software have led to its widespread adoption across multiple medical disciplines, including maxillofacial surgery, neurosurgery, dentistry, plastic and reconstructive surgery, and forensic science. This technology enhances diagnostic accuracy, facilitates patient-specific treatment planning, and improves surgical outcomes by enabling precise preoperative simulations and postoperative evaluations. In maxillofacial and orthopedic procedures, 3D laser scanning allows for virtual surgical planning and the creation of customized implants, thus improving functional and aesthetic results. In dentistry, it enhances prosthodontic fabrication and orthodontic treatments by ensuring precise measurements and fit. Furthermore, its integration with artificial intelligence, machine learning, and augmented reality presents new possibilities for automation, real-time intraoperative guidance, and predictive analytics. Despite these advancements, challenges remain, including limitations in soft tissue imaging, high costs, and the need for specialized training. This review consolidates recent research on the applications, benefits, and challenges of 3D laser scanning in precision medicine while exploring future directions and applications, such as real-time intraoperative use and AI-driven diagnostics.The continued evolution of this technology is expected to further enhance patient care, surgical precision, and medical research.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a highly prevalent and chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, and altered bowel habits. The underlying pathophysiology of IBS is multifactorial, involving gut–brain axis dysregulation, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and imbalances in the gut microbiota.Current therapeutic approaches primarily aim to alleviate symptoms often yielding inconsistent outcomes, highlighting the need for better interventions. Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy, which involves the application of specific wavelengths of light to modulate cellular activity, has emerged as a promising non-invasive strategy for IBS. PBM primarily targets mitochondrial function, enhancing adenosine triphosphate production, reducing oxidative stress, and promoting cellular repair and resilience. These effects collectively contribute to reduced inflammation, improved gut barrier integrity, and modulation of the neural and immune pathways relevant to IBS.Recent evidence suggests that PBM favorably influence the gut microbiome composition and function and reduce neuroinflammation, both considered key contributors to IBS symptomatology. This review critically examines preclinical and clinical evidence supporting the use of PBM in the context of IBS, exploring its mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential. By addressing multiple pathophysiological targets, PBM represents a novel and potentially transformative approach for managing IBS, particularly in patients unresponsive to conventional therapies.

Hypersensitivities such as asthma, eczema, and allergic rhinitis, are chronic conditions marked by inflammation and immune system dysfunction. These conditions pose significant health challenges, often leading to an impaired quality of life. Although traditional therapies focus primarily on symptom management, they frequently come with substantial side effects. Photobiomodulation (PBM), a non-invasive treatment involving low-level light therapy, has emerged as a promising alternative. PBM offers a multifaceted approach to addressing the underlying mechanisms of atopic diseases by targeting the key immune pathways, including cytokine production, mast cell stabilization, and T cell modulation. Numerous experimental studies have revealed the therapeutic potential of PBM in various atopic disease models. These findings suggest that PBM may offer a safe and effective adjunct or alternative therapy for individuals suffering from these conditions.Nevertheless, further clinical research is essential to optimize the treatment parameters and fully unlock the therapeutic benefits of PBM. A deeper understanding of PBM’s molecular mechanisms will elucidate its precise mode of action. This can pave the way for the development of targeted therapies that maximize efficacy while minimizing the potential side effects. Ultimately, PBM may revolutionize the management of atopic diseases, offering a more holistic and patient-centered approach to treatment.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by chronic joint degeneration, particularly prevalent in the aging population.Current therapeutic options to address the symptoms of pain and reduced mobility provide limited relief and carry a significant risk of adverse effects. Thus, there is a need to explore non-invasive alternative therapies to manage OA symptoms while preventing disease progression and promoting joint tissue regeneration. This review examined studies conducted in the last 10 years to determine the potential of light-based therapy, particularly focusing on three key aspects: pain management and improvement of articular function; use of complementary light therapy; and stimulation of articular cartilage repair. Various studies have investigated the efficacy of phototherapy, particularly low-level laser therapy, in alleviating pain, improving functionality, and enhancing articular cartilage repair in OA patients. Efforts have also been made to investigate the regenerative potential of phototherapy in stimulating articular cartilage repair. Despite promising findings, several challenges remain, including the lack of standardized testing methods for evaluating the efficacy of laser therapy on OA joints and the need for further research to bridge the gap between early-stage OA in humans and the advanced stages of the disease. Nonetheless, laser therapy presents a non-invasive, well-tolerated treatment option with potential benefits for individuals with OA. Further research is warranted to optimize treatment protocols and explore potential synergistic effects with other interventions.