Based on review of global and Chinese schistosomiasis control progress and the evolution of control strategies, this article focuses on Chinese practical experiences of schistosomiasis control and systematically summarizes five key determinants for schistosomiasis transmission risk, including source of infections, intermediate host snails, high-risk populations, natural environments, and social factors. To address these risks and challenges associated with these determinants, the article reviews the advances in techniques for assessment of schistosomiasis transmission risk and their applications, including conventional risk assessment approaches, mathematical model-based tools for prediction of schistosomiasis transmission risk, and indicator-systembased techniques for assessment of schistosomiasis transmission risk. This review underscores the essential role of interdisciplinary integration and dynamic management in precision schistosomiasis control and recommends the intensification of verification of field adaptation and dynamic updates of indicator systems to promote the widespread application of assessment tools across diverse regions and contexts, so as to provide strategic guidance and methodological support to achieve the target for elimination of schistosomiasis across China in 2030.

ObjectiveTo elucidate the potential mechanisms by which the classic prescription Anmeidan alleviates cognitive impairment in insomnia model rats through metabolic profiling. MethodsA total of 60 SD rats were randomly divided into six groups： blank group， model group， low-， medium-， and high-dose Anmeidan groups， and the Suvorexant group， with 10 rats in each group. Except for the blank group， the insomnia model was established in all other groups via intraperitoneal injection of para-chlorophenylalanine. The Suvorexant group was administered Suvorexant solution （30 mg·kg^-1·d^-1） by gavage， while the low-， medium-， and high-dose Anmeidan groups received Anmeidan decoction （4.55， 9.09， 18.18 g·kg^-1·d^-1） by gavage. The blank group received an equivalent volume of normal saline. The open field test was used to assess spatial exploration and anxiety/depressive-like behaviors in rats. Serum levels of epidermal growth factor （EGF）， brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF）， and vasoactive intestinal peptide （VIP） were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Untargeted metabolomics was employed to identify differential metabolites in rat serum， and systematic biological methods were applied to analyze the potential targets and pathways of Anmeidan. ResultsCompared to the blank group， the model group exhibited significant reductions in total distance traveled， average speed， number of entries into the central area， time spent in the central area， and frequency of upright events （P<0.01）， along with significant decreases in VIP， EGF， and BDNF levels （P<0.05，P<0.01）. A total of 100 differential metabolites were identified between the model and blank groups. Compared to the model group， the low-， medium-， and high-dose Anmeidan groups showed significant increases in total distance traveled， average speed， number of entries into the central area， time spent in the central area， and frequency of upright events （P<0.05，P<0.01）， as well as a significant increase in VIP levels （P<0.05，P<0.01）. Anmeidan significantly reversed abnormal changes in 67 metabolites compared to the model group. A combined analysis identified 134 potential targets of Anmeidan， with network topology analysis suggesting that Caspase-3， B-cell lymphoma 2 （Bcl-2）， nuclear transcription factor-κB （NF-κB）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， interleukin-2 （IL-2）， matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9）， and Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）， among others， may serve as key targets of Anmeidan. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathway analysis revealed major enriched pathways， including the cyclic adenosine monophosphate （cAMP） signaling pathway， hypoxia inducible factor-1 （HIF-1） signaling pathway， and IL-17 signaling pathway. ConclusionThis study demonstrates that Anmeidan can recalibrate abnormal metabolic profiles in insomnia model rats to mitigate cognitive impairment， with its mechanisms of action potentially involving the regulation of immune-inflammatory responses， energy metabolism， and apoptosis-related pathways.

Objective To analyze the structural and phylogenetic characteristics of the mitochondrial genome from Bulinus globosus, so as to provide a theoretical basis for classification and identification of species within the Bulinus genus, and to provide insights into understanding of Bulinus-schistosomes interactions and the mechanisms of parasite transmission. Methods B. globosus samples were collected from the Ruya River basin in Zimbabwe. Mitochondrial DNA was extracted from B. globosus samples and the corresponding libraries were constructed for high-throughput sequencing on the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. After raw sequencing data were subjected to quality control using the fastp software, genome assembly was performed using the A5-miseq and SPAdes tools, and genome annotation was conducted using the MITOS online server. Circular maps and sequence plots of the mitochondrial genome were generated using the CGView and OGDRAW software, and the protein conservation motifs and structures were analyzed using the TBtools software. Base composition and codon usage bias were analyzed and visualized using the software MEGA X and the ggplot2 package in the R software. In addition, a phylogenetic tree was created in the software MEGA X after sequence alignment with the software MAFFT 7, and visualized using the software iTOL. Results The mitochondrial genome of B. globosus was a 13 730 bp double-stranded circular molecule, containing 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and 13 protein-coding genes, with a marked AT preference. The mitochondrial genome composition of B. globosus was similar to that of other species within the Bulinus genus. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of B. globosus was clustered with B. truncatus, B. nasutus, and B. ugandae into the same evolutionary clade, and gene superfamily analysis showed that the metabolism-related proteins of B. globosus were highly conserved, notably the cytochrome c oxidase family, which showed a significant consistency. Conclusions This is the first whole mitochondrial genome sequencing to decode the compositional features of the mitochondrial genome of B. globosus from Zimbabwe and its evolutionary relationship within the Bulinus genus, which provides important insights for further understanding of the phylogeny and mitochondrial genome characteristics of the Bulinus genus.

Machine Learning ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods*

Objective:To explore the relationship between the exercise of cervical and lumbar muscles of military flying personnel and the prevalence of cervical and lumbar spine diseases, and to verify the protective effect of the exercise of cervical and lumbar muscles on cervical and lumbar of flying personnel.Methods:A self-made questionnaire and cluster sampling method were used. Air Force pilots of different aircraft types were selected to survey the situation of physical exercise and the prevalence of cervical and lumbar diseases by a questionnaire. Pilots were grouped by if stretching before flight, if relaxing after flight, and if regularly exercising on the strength of cervical and lumbar muscles. The prevalence of the cervical and lumbar diseases was compared. Influence factors were searched by Logistic regression analysis to investigate the protective effect of cervical and lumbar muscle exercise on the neck and waist.Results:In this study, 779 valid questionnaires out of 923 were obtained. The effective rate of the questionnaires was 84.4%. The prevalence of cervical and lumbar diseases in the flying personnel without cervical and lumbar muscles stretching before flight was 36.2%, while the prevalence of flying personnel with cervical and lumbar muscles stretching before flight was 27.6%. There were significant differences between them (χ 2=6.217, P<0.05). The prevalence rate of cervical and lumbar diseases in the flying personnel without cervical and lumbar muscles relaxation after flight was 37.9%, while the prevalence of flying personnel without cervical and lumbar muscles with relaxation after flight was 23.7%. There were significant differences between them (χ 2=16.30, P<0.01). The prevalence rate of cervical and lumbar diseases in the flying personnel without regular training was 41.1%, while the prevalence of relaxation after flight was 29.8%. There were significant differences between them (χ 2=8.89, P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that age, relaxing after the flight, and regular training of cervical and lumbar muscles were all independent factors that affected cervical and lumbar diseases. Among them, increased age was the risk factor of cervical and lumbar diseases ( OR=1.073, 95 %CI: 1.033-1.114, P<0.01), cervical and lumbar relaxing after the flight ( OR=0.456, 95 %CI: 0.303-0.686, P<0.01) and regular training of cervical and lumbar muscles ( OR=0.656, 95 %CI: 0.463-0.930, P<0.05) were both protective factors for cervical and lumbar diseases. Conclusions:The stretching before flight, relaxing after flight, and regular training of cervical and lumbar muscles can significantly reduce the prevalence of cervical and lumbar diseases in flying personnel.

Objective:To explore the relationship between the exercise of cervical and lumbar muscles of military flying personnel and the prevalence of cervical and lumbar spine diseases, and to verify the protective effect of the exercise of cervical and lumbar muscles on cervical and lumbar of flying personnel.Methods:A self-made questionnaire and cluster sampling method were used. Air Force pilots of different aircraft types were selected to survey the situation of physical exercise and the prevalence of cervical and lumbar diseases by a questionnaire. Pilots were grouped by if stretching before flight, if relaxing after flight, and if regularly exercising on the strength of cervical and lumbar muscles. The prevalence of the cervical and lumbar diseases was compared. Influence factors were searched by Logistic regression analysis to investigate the protective effect of cervical and lumbar muscle exercise on the neck and waist.Results:In this study, 779 valid questionnaires out of 923 were obtained. The effective rate of the questionnaires was 84.4%. The prevalence of cervical and lumbar diseases in the flying personnel without cervical and lumbar muscles stretching before flight was 36.2%, while the prevalence of flying personnel with cervical and lumbar muscles stretching before flight was 27.6%. There were significant differences between them (χ 2=6.217, P<0.05). The prevalence rate of cervical and lumbar diseases in the flying personnel without cervical and lumbar muscles relaxation after flight was 37.9%, while the prevalence of flying personnel without cervical and lumbar muscles with relaxation after flight was 23.7%. There were significant differences between them (χ 2=16.30, P<0.01). The prevalence rate of cervical and lumbar diseases in the flying personnel without regular training was 41.1%, while the prevalence of relaxation after flight was 29.8%. There were significant differences between them (χ 2=8.89, P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that age, relaxing after the flight, and regular training of cervical and lumbar muscles were all independent factors that affected cervical and lumbar diseases. Among them, increased age was the risk factor of cervical and lumbar diseases ( OR=1.073, 95 %CI: 1.033-1.114, P<0.01), cervical and lumbar relaxing after the flight ( OR=0.456, 95 %CI: 0.303-0.686, P<0.01) and regular training of cervical and lumbar muscles ( OR=0.656, 95 %CI: 0.463-0.930, P<0.05) were both protective factors for cervical and lumbar diseases. Conclusions:The stretching before flight, relaxing after flight, and regular training of cervical and lumbar muscles can significantly reduce the prevalence of cervical and lumbar diseases in flying personnel.

Objective To investigate expression of histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) in normal and colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues and its mechanism.Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of HDAC5 in CRC tissues.The relationship between HDAC5 expression content and survival prognosis was analyzed.Proliferation,immigration and apoptosis changes were observed after knockdown of HDAC5.Results Positive expression of HDAC5 in tumor tissue was related with poor prognosis of CRC patients,and HDAC5 could inhibit the LS174T cell proliferation by regulating the SIX1 expression.Conclusion Our results reveal that HDAC5 expression is variant in CRC tissues,and it is correlated with prognosis of colorectal cancer,and can affect cell proliferation by regulating the SIX1 expression.

Objective To investigate expression of histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) in normal and colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues and its mechanism.Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of HDAC5 in CRC tissues.The relationship between HDAC5 expression content and survival prognosis was analyzed.Proliferation,immigration and apoptosis changes were observed after knockdown of HDAC5.Results Positive expression of HDAC5 in tumor tissue was related with poor prognosis of CRC patients,and HDAC5 could inhibit the LS174T cell proliferation by regulating the SIX1 expression.Conclusion Our results reveal that HDAC5 expression is variant in CRC tissues,and it is correlated with prognosis of colorectal cancer,and can affect cell proliferation by regulating the SIX1 expression.