Objective To explore the feasibility and reference value of allogeneic lung transplantation and postoperative monitoring in miniature pigs for lung transplantation research. Methods Two miniature pigs (R1 and R2) underwent left lung allogeneic transplantation. Complement-dependent cytotoxicity tests and blood cross-matching were performed before surgery. The main operative times and partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO₂) after opening the pulmonary artery were recorded during surgery. Postoperatively, routine blood tests, biochemical blood indicators and inflammatory factors were detected, and pathological examinations of multiple organs were conducted. Results The complement-dependent cytotoxicity test showed that the survival rate of lymphocytes between donors and recipients was 42.5%-47.3%, and no agglutination reaction occurred in the cross-matching. The first warm ischemia times of D1 and D2 were 17 min and 10 min, respectively, and the cold ischemia times were 246 min and 216 min, respectively. Ultimately, R1 and R2 survived for 1.5 h and 104 h, respectively. Postoperatively, in R1, albumin (ALB) and globulin (GLB) decreased, and alanine aminotransferase increased; in R2, ALB, GLB and aspartate aminotransferase all increased. Urea nitrogen and serum creatinine increased in both recipients. Pathological results showed that in R1, the transplanted lung had partial consolidation with inflammatory cell infiltration, and multiple organs were congested and damaged. In R2, the transplanted lung had severe necrosis with fibrosis, and multiple organs had mild to moderate damage. The expression levels of interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 increased in the transplanted lungs. Conclusions The allogeneic lung transplantation model in miniature pigs may systematically evaluate immunological compatibility, intraoperative function and postoperative organ damage. The data obtained may provide technical references for subsequent lung transplantation research.

Purpose: This study aimed to project cancer incidence and mortality for 2026 to estimate Korea’s current cancer burden. Materials and Methods: Cancer incidence data from 1999 to 2023 were obtained from the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database, while cancer mortality data from 1993 to 2024 were acquired from the Ministry of Data and Statistics. Cancer incidence and mortality were projected by fitting a linear regression model to observed age-specific cancer rates against their respective years and then by the projected age-specific rates by the anticipated age-specific population for 2026. A joinpoint regression model was applied to identify significant changes in trends, using only the most recent trend data for predictions. Results: A total of 308,876 new cancer cases and 86,317 cancer deaths are expected in Korea in 2026. The most commonly diagnosed cancer is projected to be thyroid cancer, followed by the colorectal, lung, breast, prostate and stomach cancers. These six cancers are expected to account for 63.5% of all newly diagnosed cancers. Lung cancer is expected to be the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, followed by liver, colorectal, pancreatic, gallbladder, and stomach cancers, together comprising 65.9% of all cancer deaths. Conclusion Korea’s cancer burden continues to shift toward malignancies prevalent in older populations. The sustained increase in prostate cancer among men and the rising mortality impact of pancreatic cancer reflect structural changes in the national cancer profile amid rapid population aging.

Purpose: The current study provides national cancer statistics and their secular trends in Korea, including incidence, mortality, survival, and prevalence in 2023, with international comparisons. Materials and Methods: Cancer incidence, survival, and prevalence rates were calculated using the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database (1999-2023), with survival follow-up until December 31, 2024. Mortality data were obtained from the Ministry of Data and Statistics, while international comparisons were based on GLOBOCAN data. Results: In 2023, 288,613 newly diagnosed cancer cases (age-standardized rate [ASR], 288.6 per 100,000) and 85,271 deaths from cancer (ASR, 64.3 per 100,000) were reported. Among the incident cases, 145,452 (50.4%) were aged 65 years or older. Prostate cancer became the most common cancer among men for the first time. The proportion of localized-stage cancers increased from 45.6% in 2005 to 51.8% in 2023. Korea had the lowest cancer mortality among countries with similar incidence rates and the lowest mortality-to-incidence ratios for stomach, colorectal, and breast cancer. The 5-year relative survival rate (2019-2023) was 73.7% overall and 92.7% for localized-stage cancers. Over 2.73 million prevalent cases were identified in 2023, representing 5.3% of the Korean population. Conclusion These findings indicate that Korea’s cancer control efforts have contributed to early detection and improved survival outcomes. As Korea enters a super-aged society in 2025, cancer burden will continue to increase, requiring sustained and adaptive cancer control strategies.

Objective To explore the application value of glucocorticoid in the treatment of elderly patients with severe pneumonia(SP)and respiratory failure(RF).Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 208 elderly patients with SP and RF in the hospital between January 2022 and December 2023.According to use of glucocorticoid or not,patients were divided into non-hormone group(n=83)and hormone group(n=125).According to propensity score matching method,there were 71 patients in each group.The clinical indexes,disease improvement,blood gas indexes,laboratory biochemical indexes and prognosis were compared between the two groups.Results The ventilator use time and length of hospital stay in hormone group were shorter than those in non-hormone group(P<0.05).After 7 d of treatment,score of Glasgow coma scale(GCS),oxygen-ation index(P/F),blood oxygen saturation(SaO2)and lymphocyte count(TLC)in hormone group were higher than those in non-hormone group,while scores of acute physiological and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ)and sequential organ failure assessment(SOFA),partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO2),blood lactic acid (LAC)and procalcitonin(PCT)were lower than those in non-hormone group(P<0.05).The survival curves showed that 28 d survival rate in hormone group was higher than that in non-hormone group(P<0.05).Cox pro-portional hazard model showed that no use of glucocorticoids was an independent risk factor of 28d death in elderly patients with SP and RF(P<0.05).Conclusion Glucocorticoid can shorten ventilator use time and length of hospital stay,alleviate disease severity,promote the recovery of blood gas indexes,improve biochemical indexes and increase survival rate in elderly patients with SP and RF.

Objective To investigate the expression of T cell subsets in the spleen of BTBR T+Itpr3tf autistic mouse at 4,8,and 12 weeks of age,and to determine the optimal age for studying the relationship between immune abnormalities and autism in BTBR autistic mice.Methods It randomly selected 5～6 male BTBR mouse at 4 weeks,8 weeks,and 12 weeks of age and C57BL/6J mouse of the same gender at corresponding ages for the three-box social interaction test,the self-grooming test,and the marble-burying test;Single cell suspensions were prepared from the spleens of mouse at 8 and 12 weeks of age,and flow cytometry was used to detect 8 subsets of T cells(TH 1,TH2,TH17,TC1,TC2,TC17,TFH,and Treg).Results Compared with C57BL/6J mouse of the same age,BTBR mouse at 4 weeks,8 weeks,and 12 weeks of age showed a decrease in social time(P＜0.001),an increase in grooming time(P＜0.01,P＜0.001),and an increase in the number of marbles buried(P＜0.01,P＜0.001)in BTBR mouse at 8 weeks and 12 weeks of age.As well,the expression of TH 1(P＜0.001),TH2(P＜0.01),TC 1(P＜0.05),TC2(P＜0.001),and TFH(P＜0.01)cells in 8-week-old BTBR mouse were significantly increased,while the expression of Treg(P＜0.001)cells were significantly decreased;The expression of TH 1(P＜0.01),TH2(P＜0.01),TH 17(P＜0.05),TC1(P＜0.01),TC2(P＜0.001),TC 17(P＜0.01),and TFH(P＜0.001)increased in 12-week-old BTBR mouse,while the expression of Treg(P＜0.05)cells decreased.At different age stages(P＜0.050)the ratio of TH 1/Treg and TC 1/Treg in 8-week-old BTBR mouse were significantly higher than those in 12 week old mouse,while the TC 17/Treg ratio decreased.Conclusions BTBR mouse at different developmental stages exhibit varying degrees of abnormal increase in Teff/Treg ratio.Based on result of behavioral test,it is recommended to use 8-week-old BTBR mice for research on autism and immune abnormalities.

Aim To investigate the effects of Ixerin Z,a sesquiterpene lactone from Ixeris sonchifolia,on bone-lipid metabolic imbalance in ApoE-/-mice and to elu-cidate its molecular mechanisms.Methods A mouse model of ApoE-/-was induced using a high-fat diet,followed by eight weeks of Ixerin Z administration at doses of 1 and 10 mg·kg-1.Serum markers related to bone-lipid metabolism and inflammatory cytokines were quantified.Bone mineral density,biomechanical prop-erties,bone tissue morphology,and bone microstructure changes were analyzed.Computational molecular doc-king was performed to identify potential target proteins of Ixerin Z,and its regulatory effects on bone-lipid me-tabolism were investigated.Results Treatment with Ixerin Z markedly decreased the serum levels of total cholesterol,triglycerides,TNF-α,and IL-1β in ApoE-/-mice.It significantly improved bone mineral density,enhanced biomechanical strength,restored tra-becular structure,and reduced fat accumulation in bone tissue.Investigations revealed that Ixerin Z activated PPARα,thereby promoting fatty acid β-oxidation in bone tissue,and stimulating the Wnt/β-Catenin signa-ling pathway to facilitate bone formation.Furthermore,Ixerin Z suppressed the OPG/RANKL/NF-κB signaling pathway,leading to reduced bone resorption,independ-ent of PPARα activation.Conclusions Ixerin Z dem-onstrates potent therapeutic effects on bone-lipid meta-bolic imbalance in ApoE-/-mice.The mechanism in-volves activating PPARα to promote fatty acid β-oxida-tion in bone tissue,activating PPARα/Wnt/β-Catenin signaling pathway to promote bone formation,and in-hibiting OPG/RANKL/NF-κB signaling pathway to re-duce bone resorption.

AIM:To investigate the involvement of HIF-1α/VEGF regulation in its anti-angiogenesis effects using adjuvant-induced arthritis(AIA)rats.METHODS:AIA rats were orally treated by QLY ex-tract for 24 days.After sacrifice,the joints were subjected to histological examination,while the blood was used in ELISA or biochemical tests.In ad-dition,HUVEC cells were treated by QLY in vitro.MTT,wound-healing and tube-formation experi-ments were then performed.Expression of some relevant proteins in cells were investigated.RE-SULTS:Compared to the healthy controls,obvious synovial invasion and angiogenesis occurred in AIA rats.Blood levels of HIF-1α,VEGF,PDGF,and TGF-β1 were increased,while the ratio of MDA/SOD was decreased a lot.After QLY treatment,all these ab-normalities were attenuated.In vitro experiments,QLY showed notable potentials in inhibiting prolifer-ation,migration and tube-constructing abilities of HUVEC cells.Furthermore,it suppressed the ex-pression of p-MEK/MEK and p-ERK/ERK.CONCLU-SION:QLY can reduce the pathological functions of vascular endothelial cells by inhibiting HIF-1α/VEGF,and it consequently eased AIA-related abnor-mal angiogenesis in AIA rats'joints.

BACKGROUND: Biomarkers-based prediction of long-term risk of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is scarce. We aim to develop a risk score integrating clinical routine information (C) and plasma biomarkers (B) for predicting long-term risk of ACS patients. METHODS: We included 2729 ACS patients from the OCEA (Observation of cardiovascular events in ACS patients). The earlier admitted 1910 patients were enrolled as development cohort; and the subsequently admitted 819 subjects were treated as validation cohort. We investigated 10-year risk of cardiovascular (CV) death, myocardial infarction (MI) and all cause death in these patients. Potential variables contributing to risk of clinical events were assessed using Cox regression models and a score was derived using main part of these variables. RESULTS: During 16,110 person-years of follow-up, there were 238 CV death/MI in the development cohort. The 7 most important predictors including in the final model were NT-proBNP, D-dimer, GDF-15, peripheral artery disease (PAD), Fibrinogen, ST-segment elevated MI (STEMI), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), termed as CB-ACS score. C-index of the score for predication of cardiovascular events was 0.79 (95% CI: 0.76-0.82) in development cohort and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.76-0.78) in the validation cohort (5832 person-years of follow-up), which outperformed GRACE 2.0 and ABC-ACS risk score. The CB-ACS score was also well calibrated in development and validation cohort (Greenwood-Nam-D'Agostino: P = 0.70 and P = 0.07, respectively). CONCLUSIONS CB-ACS risk score provides a useful tool for long-term prediction of CV events in patients with ACS. This model outperforms GRACE 2.0 and ABC-ACS ischemic risk score.

Radiation-induced thrombocytopenia (RIT) faces a perplexing challenge in the clinical treatment of cancer patients, and current therapeutic approaches are inadequate in the clinical settings. In this research, oxymatrine, a new molecule capable of healing RIT was screened out, and the underlying regulatory mechanism associated with magakaryocyte (MK) differentiation and thrombopoiesis was demonstrated. The capacity of oxymatrine to induce MK differentiation was verified in K-562 and Meg-01 cells in vitro. The ability to induce thrombopoiesis was subsequently demonstrated in Tg (cd41:enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)) zebrafish and RIT model mice. In addition, we carried out network pharmacological prediction, drug affinity responsive target stability assay (DARTS) and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA) analyses to explore the potential targets of oxymatrine. Moreover, the pathway underlying the effects of oxymatrine was determined by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses, Western blot (WB), and immunofluorescence. Oxymatrine markedly promoted MK differentiation and maturation in vitro. Moreover, oxymatrine induced thrombopoiesis in Tg (cd41:eGFP) zebrafish and accelerated thrombopoiesis and platelet function recovery in RIT model mice. Mechanistically, oxymatrine directly binds to toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and further regulates the downstream pathway stimulator of interferon genes (STING)/nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), which can be blocked by C29 and C-176, which are specific inhibitors of TLR2 and STING, respectively. Taken together, we demonstrated that oxymatrine, a novel TLR2 agonist, plays a critical role in accelerating MK differentiation and thrombopoiesis via the STING/NF-κB axis, suggesting that oxymatrine is a promising candidate for RIT therapy.

Purpose: This study aimed to project cancer incidence and mortality for 2025 to estimate Korea’s current cancer burden. Materials and Methods: Cancer incidence data from 1999 to 2022 were obtained from the Korea National Cancer Incidence Database, while cancer mortality data from 1993 to 2023 were acquired from Statistics Korea. Cancer incidence and mortality were projected by fitting a linear regression model to observed age-specific cancer rates against their respective years and then by multiplying the projected age-specific rates by the anticipated age-specific population for 2025. A joinpoint regression model was applied to identify significant changes in trends, using only the most recent trend data for predictions. Results: A total of 304,754 new cancer cases and 84,019 cancer deaths are expected in Korea in 2025. The most commonly diagnosed cancer is projected to be thyroid cancer, followed by the colorectal, lung, breast, prostate and stomach cancers. These six cancers are expected to account for 63.8% of the total cancer burden. Lung cancer is expected to be the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, followed by liver, colorectal, pancreatic, stomach, and gallbladder cancers, together comprising 66.6% of total cancer deaths. Conclusion The increasing incidence of female breast cancer and the rise in prostate and pancreatic cancers are expected to continue. As aging accelerates, cancer commonly found in older adults are projected to rise significantly.