This study delves into the mechanism of total flavone of Abelmoschus manihot(TFA) in treating ulcerative colitis(UC) and depression via inhibiting M1 polarization of macrophages and reshaping intestinal flora and glycerolphospholipid metabolism. The study established a mouse model of UC and depression induced by chronic restraint stress(CRS) and dextran sulfate sodium(DSS). The fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT) experiment after TFA intervention was conducted. Mice in the FMT donor group were modeled and treated, and fecal samples were taken to prepare the bacterial solution. Mice in the FMT receptor group were treated with antibiotic intervention, and then administered bacterial solution by gavage from mice in the donor group, followed by UC depression modeling. After the experiment, behavioral tests were conducted to evaluate depressive-like behaviors by measuring the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) in the hippocampus of mice. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)in the brain and colon tissue of mice were also measured, and the polarization status of macrophages was evaluated by measuring the mRNA levels of CD86 and CD206. 16S ribosomal RNA(16S rRNA) sequencing technology was used to analyze changes in the intestinal flora of mice. Wide target lipidomics was used to detect serum lipid metabolite levels in mice after FMT,and correlation analysis was conducted between lipids and differential intestinal flora significantly regulated by TFA. In vitro experiments, representative glycerophospholipid metabolites and glycerophospholipid inhibitors were used to intervene in Raw264.7 macrophages, and the mRNA levels of TNF-α,IL-6,IL-1β,CD86,and CD206 were detected. The results showed that TFA and FMT after intervention could significantly improve depressive-like behavior and intestinal inflammation in mice with UC and depression, significantly downregulate pro-inflammatory cytokines and CD86 mRNA expression in brain and colon tissue, inhibiting M1 polarization of macrophages, and significantly upregulate CD206 mRNA expression, promoting M2 polarization of macrophages. In addition, the high-dose group had a more significant effect. After TFA intervention, FMT significantly corrected the metabolic disorder of glycerophospholipids in mice with UC and depression, and there was a significant correlation between differential intestinal flora and glycerophospholipids. In vitro experiments showed that glycerophospholipid metabolites, especially lysophosphatidylcholine(LPC),significantly upregulated pro-inflammatory cytokines and CD86 mRNA expression, promote M1 polarization of macrophages, while glycerophospholipid inhibitors had the opposite effect. The results indicate that TFA effectively treats depression and UC by correcting intestinal flora dysbiosis and reshaping glycerophospholipid metabolism, thereby inhibiting M1 polarization of macrophages.
Animals ; Mice ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/drug effects* ; Abelmoschus/chemistry* ; Macrophages/metabolism* ; Colitis, Ulcerative/immunology* ; Flavones/administration & dosage* ; Male ; Depression/genetics* ; Glycerophospholipids/metabolism* ; Humans ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL

Bronchial asthma (asthma) is a complex inflammatory airway disease affecting approximately 100 million children worldwide, imposing a heavy burden on society and families. Studies have shown that the gut microbiota plays a significant role in the occurrence and development of childhood asthma. This paper reviews the research progress on the relationship between gut microbiota and childhood asthma. By elucidating the composition, function, and relationship with the host of gut microbiota, the impact of changes in its composition and function on the development of asthma is revealed. Furthermore, the potential value and application prospects of modulating gut microbiota as a new strategy for asthma treatment are discussed, providing a theoretical reference for in-depth research on the relationship between gut microbiota and the onset of childhood asthma and the development of new therapeutic approaches.
Humans ; Asthma/etiology* ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology* ; Child

OBJECTIVE: To construct an integrated management model for early screening and diagnosis of PCa based on the Innovative Care for Chronic Conditions Framework (ICCC) and the 1+1 contract-based tiered diagnosis and treatment system (TDTS) in China. METHODS: Based on the 1+1 contract-based TDTS platform, we conducted PCa screening for the male residents aged 60 years and above during health check-ups in Pujin Community Health Center from January 1, 2023 to December 31, 2023. For those with abnormal total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA) ≥ 4 μg/L, we promptly referred them to higher-level hospitals for further diagnosis and treatment via the two-way referral green channel platform and information sharing service using the 1+1 contract model. We further analyzed the relevant data on screening and diagnosis. RESULTS: A total of 4 080 males aged 71.39±5.059 years received PCa screening from January to December 2023. PSA screening was performed in 43.96% of the male residents, revealing 654 cases of PSA abnormality, with a PSA positivity rate of 16.03%, which was higher than that found in the previous large-scale PCa screenings in other regions of China. Among the males with PSA abnormality, 292 (44.65%) expressed their willingness for medical referral, while the others did not seek further medical attention for reasons of being asymptomatic, low awareness of the disease, no accompany for medical visits, and concerns about further costs of diagnosis and treatment. Prostate biopsy was recommended to 154 cases after further examinations, which was accepted by 92 (59.74%). Fifty-eight cases were diagnosed with Pa, and thedetection rate reached 63.04%. CONCLUSION The integrated management model for PSA examination-based early screening and diagnosis of PCa using the 1+1 contract-based TDTS platform is plays a significant role in enhancing people's awareness and knowledge of PCa and improving the early detection rate of the malignancy.
Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms/diagnosis* ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Prostate-Specific Antigen/blood* ; Aged ; China ; Mass Screening ; Middle Aged ; Chronic Disease

Objective: To investigate the seroepidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B among outpatients in medical institutions in Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide a reference for formulating region-specific hepatitis B prevention and control strategies. Methods: From April to June 2024, outpatients were selected as study subjects from sentinel medical institutions in Jiaxing City. Information such as gender and age was collected. Venous blood samples were obtained and serological markers including hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), hepatitis B e antibody (HBeAb), and hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) were tested. Positive rates of hepatitis B virus (HBV) serological markers were analyzed by genders and ages. Results: A total of 1 468 outpatients were included, among whom 721 were males (49.11%) and 747 were females (50.89%). The mean age was (46.41±19.66) years. The positive rates of HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, and HBcAb were 7.29%, 44.75%, 1.84%, 23.50%, and 42.03%, respectively. The HBcAb positive rate in males was significantly higher than in females (46.05% vs. 38.15%, P<0.05), while no statistically significant gender differences were observed in the positive rates of other four HBV serological markers (all P>0.05). Except for HBsAb, the positive rates of the other four HBV serological markers showed statistically significant differences across different age groups (all P<0.05). Pairwise comparisons results showed that the HBsAg positive rates in age groups of 20-<40 years and 40-<60 years were 9.48% and 9.57%, respectively, which were higher than those in age groups of <20 years (1.43%) and ≥60 years (2.75%) (all P<0.05). A total of 17 HBV serological marker patterns were observed, among which the proportion of all markers negative was the highest, at 39.65%. The proportions of "small three positive" (HBsAg+, HBeAb+, HBcAb+) and "large three positive" (HBsAg+, HBeAg+, HBcAb+) patterns were 4.77% and 1.50%, respectively. Among HBsAg-positive individuals, the proportions of the "small three positive" pattern across age groups were 0, 45.45%, 90.00%, and 81.82%, while those of the "large three positive" were 0, 36.36%, 5.00%, and 0, with statistically significant differences across age groups (both P<0.05). Conclusions The positive rate of HBsAg among outpatients in medical institutions in Jiaxing City is relatively high, with a notable proportion of individuals showing either no immunity or non-response to vaccination. It is recommended to strengthen hepatitis B immunization efforts among the population aged 20-<60 years, and to enhance monitoring and interventional treatment for "small three positive" and "large three positive" patterns.

Objective: To assess the current situation and related factors of the knowledge, attitude and behavior toward sexual abuse prevention among primary school students in Luzhou City, Sichuan Province, so as to provide a reference basis for the development of sexual abuse prevention education for primary school students. Methods: A total of 4 563 primary school students in Luzhou City were sampled from December 2023 to January 2024 by stratified cluster sampling, and self administered questionnaires were conducted. The binary Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze related factors of the knowledge, attitude and behavior toward sexual abuse prevention. Results: The qualified rates of knowledge, behavior and attitude among primary school students towards sexual abuse prevention in Luzhou were 76.2%, 21.3%, and 90.2 %, respectively. The binary Logistic regression showed that males ( OR=0.66, 95%CI =0.56-0.78), attending rural schools ( OR=0.77, 95%CI =0.64-0.92), left behind status ( OR=0.66, 95%CI =0.53-0.81), and household registration in Lu County ( OR=0.57, 95%CI =0.46-0.70) and Gulin County ( OR=0.70, 95%CI =0.57-0.86) had lower qualified rates of the knowledge of sexual abuse prevention among primary school students ( P < 0.05 ); while qualified knowledge of sexual abuse prevention was positively associated with grade ( OR =3.05-18.81); attending rural schools ( OR=0.82, 95%CI =0.70-0.95) and not having received education on prevention of sexual abuse ( OR=0.55, 95%CI = 0.47-0.64) had lower qualified rates of the behavior of sexual abuse prevention among primary school students ( P <0.05); household registration in Lu County ( OR=0.73, 95%CI =0.58-0.92) and not having received education on prevention of sexual abuse ( OR=0.33, 95%CI =0.26-0.40) had lower qualified rates of the educational attitudes of sexual abuse prevention among primary school students ( P <0.05). Conclusions The qualified rates of knowledge and behavior of sexual abuse prevention among primary school students in Luzhou City needs to be improved. Health education regarding sexual abuse prevention might help enhance primary school students awareness and skills of sexual abuse prevention.

Morita therapy has been bom for more than 100 years.Inpatient Morita therapy is highly oper-able and easy to master.It can improve many refractory neuroses through four-stage treatment.But more neuroses are treated in outpatient clinics,and Morita therapy cannot be used in hospitalized patients.Therefore,the formula-tion of expert opinions on outpatient operations is particularly important.This paper is based on domestic and for-eign references,and after many discussions by domestic Morita therapy experts,and then drew up the first version of the expert opinions on operation of outpatient Morita therapy.Meanwhile the operation rule of Morita therapy in three stages of outpatient treatment was formulated:in the etiological analysis stage,under the theoretical guidance of Morita therapy,analyze the pathogenic factors,to improve treatment compliance and reduce resistance;during the operating stage,guide patients to engage in constructive and meaningful actions,realizing the achievement of letting nature take its course principle;in the cultivating character and enriching life stage,pay attention to positive infor-mation,expanding the scope and content of actions,improving the ability to adapt to complex life,and preventing recurrence caused by insufficient abilities.It will lay a foundation for the promotion of Morita therapy in domestic outpatient clinics,so that more patients with neurosis and other psychological diseases could receive characteristic Morita therapy treatment in outpatient clinics.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of Tai Chi and Qigong on patients with lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Methods: Relevant data were retrieved from nine English and Chinese databases, including Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Wanfang Data, etc. from inception to June 2024. All published randomized controlled trials assessing the effect of Tai Chi and Qigong on visual analog scale (VAS), Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score, and other health indicators in participants with LDH compared to usual medical care or other treatments were included. Grey literature, trials involving the pushing of hands (Tui Shou) or Tai Chi with weapons, and trials with co-interventions (Tai Chi/Qigong plus another treatment) were excluded. Methodological quality was analyzed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool, and evidence quality was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) tool. Results: Fourteen trials (954 patients) were included in this study. Tai Chi and Qigong were associated with lower VAS pain scores (standardized mean difference −0.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.95 to −0.15, P = .01), higher JOA scores (mean difference [MD] 4.40, 95% CI 2.62 to 6.18, P < .001) and straight leg raise test results (MD 9.40°, 95% CI 7.64 to 11.15, P < .001) in patients with LDH. Furthermore, compared with usual care, Tai Chi and Qigong showed enhanced effects on pain and JOA scores. When compared to other exercises or massage, the effect on pain scores was similar but that on JOA scores was significant. Conclusions Tai Chi and Qigong may have favorable effects on VAS pain and JOA scores compared with usual care, and on JOA scores compared with other exercises or massage in patients with LDH. Given the overall poor quality of the evidence, the results of current study should be interpreted cautiously.

Objective To investigate the infection status and changing trend of hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection in hospitalized patients in medical institutions,and provide reference for formulating HCV infection prevention and control strategies.Methods HCV infection surveillance results from cross-sectional survey data reported to China Healthcare-associated Infection(HAI)Surveillance System in 2020 were summarized and analyzed,HCV positive was serum anti-HCV positive or HCV RNA positive,survey result was compared with the survey results from 2003.Results In 2020,1 071 368 inpatients in 1 573 hospitals were surveyed,738 535 of whom underwent HCV test,4 014 patients were infected with HCV,with a detection rate of 68.93％and a HCV positive rate of 0.54％.The positive rate of HCV in male and female patients were 0.60％and 0.48％,respectively,with a statistically sig-nificant difference(x2=47.18,P＜0.001).The HCV positive rate in the 50-＜60 age group was the highest(0.76％),followed by the 40-＜50 age group(0.71％).Difference among all age groups was statistically signifi-cant(x2=696.74,P＜0.001).In 2003,91 113 inpatients were surveyed.35 145 of whom underwent HCV test,resulting in a detection rate of 38.57％;775 patients were infected with HCV,with a positive rate of 2.21％.In 2020,HCV positive rates in hospitals of different scales were 0.46％-0.63％,with the highest in hospital with bed numbers ranging 600-899.Patients'HCV positive rates in hospitals of different scales was statistically signifi-cant(X2=35.34,P＜0.001).In 2020,12 provinces/municipalities had over 10 000 patients underwent HCV-rela-ted test,and HCV positive rates ranged 0.19％-0.81％,with the highest rate from Hainan Province.HCV posi-tive rates in different departments were 0.06％-0.82％,with the lowest positive rate in the department of pedia-trics and the highest in the department of internal medicine.In 2003 and 2020,HCV positive rates in the depart-ment of infectious diseases were the highest,being 7.95％and 3.48％,respectively.Followed by departments of orthopedics(7.72％),gastroenterology(3.77％),nephrology(3.57％)and general intensive care unit(ICU,3.10％)in 2003,as well as departments of gastroenterology(1.35％),nephrology(1.18％),endocrinology(0.91％),and general intensive care unit(ICU,0.79％)in 2020.Conclusion Compared with 2003,HCV positive rate decreased significantly in 2020.HCV infected patients were mainly from the department of infectious diseases,followed by departments of gastroenterology,nephrology and general ICU.HCV infection positive rate varies with gender,age,and region.

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on cognitive function of vascular dementia (VD) rats and its mechanism. MethodsVD rat model was established by modified two-vessel occlusion (2-VO). After modeling, TEAS and electroacupuncture (EA) were used to stimulate Baihui and Zusanli points of rats respectively for 14 d. After treatment, novel object recognition test, Morris water maze test, and Y maze test were used to evaluate the spatial memory and learning ability of rats. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the morphology of hippocampal neurons. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructure of hippocampal mitochondria. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits were used to detected the levels of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, MDA and ROS in serum of rats. Western blot was used to detect the expression of PGC-1α, TFAM, HO-1, NQO1 proteins in the hippocampus, Keap1 protein in the cytoplasm and Nrf2, NRF1 proteins in the nucleus. ResultsAfter treatment for 14 d, compared to the model group, the escape latency of VD rats decreased, while the discrimination index, the times of rats crossing the original platform area, the residence time in the original platform quadrant, and the percentage of alternation increased. TEAS can improve the structure of hippocampal neurons and mitochondria of VD rats, showing that neurons were arranged more regularly and distributed more evenly, nuclear membrane and nucleoli were clearer, and mitochondrial swelling were reduced, mitochondrial matrix density were increased, and mitochondrial cristae were more obvious. The levels of SOD, GSH-Px and CAT in serum increased significantly, while the concentration of MDA and ROS decreased. TEAS also up-regulated the expression levels of PGC-1α TFAM, NQO1 and HO-1 proteins in the hippocampus and Nrf2, NRF1 proteins in the nucleus, but down-regulated the Keap1 protein in the cytoplasm. ConclusionTEAS can improve cognition, hippocampal neurons and mitochondrial structure of VD rats, and the effect is better than EA. The mechanism may be the activation of PGC-1α mediated mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant stress, which also provides a potential therapeutic technology and experimental basis for the treatment of VD.

Objective To investigate the effect of antinuclear antibodies(ANAs)on hormone response in patients with autoimmune hepatitis(AIH)-primary biliary cholangitis(PBC)overlap syndrome(AIH-PBC OS)and AIH-only within half a year.Methods A retrospective analysis of 77 patients with autoimmune liver disease(AILD)admitted to First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University from January 2018 to December 2021,all of whom were confirmed by liver biopsy and receiving glucocorticoid treatment.Among them,46 patients were in AIH-PBC OS group and 31 were in AIH-only group.The general clinical characteristics,liver puncture-related indexes,autoantibodies and immunoglobulin indexes of patients in each group at the time of diagnosis were collected and compared,and the biochemical and immunoglobulin indexes of patients at the time of hormone use and at the time of review within 6 months were also collected,and the hormone response within 6 months was evaluated according to the levels of glutamic transaminase(AST),glutamic alanine transaminase(ALT)and immunoglobulin G(IgG),and the effect of ANAs on hormone response outcomes in both groups over a six-month period was analyzed.Multifactorial ordered logistic analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of ANAs on hormone response between two groups.Results There was no statistically significant difference in the percentage of AIH-PBC OS and AIH-only patients among both ANAs-positive and-negative AILD patients(55.6%vs.44.4%and 65.6%vs.34.4%,P>0.05).Among 46 patients with AIH-PBC OS,there were 25 in ANAs-positive group and 21 in ANAs-negative group.The rate of complete hormone response within 6 months was lower than that of ANAs-negative group(44.0%vs.76.2%),while the rate of hormone non-response was higher than that of ANAs-negative group(20.0%vs.0),and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).There were 20 cases of ANAs-positive and 11 cases of ANAs-negative in the 31 AIH-only patients.There was no statistically significant difference in the results of hormone response within 6 months between the two groups(P>0.05).Multifactorial ordered logistic analysis showed that AIH-PBC OS patients were more likely to have a higher likelihood of 6-month hormone non-response rate in ANAs-positive patients,and the difference was statistically different(P<0.05).And there was no significant effect of ANAs type on hormone response outcome in AIH-only patients(P>0.05).Conclusion AIH-PBC OS ANAs-positive patients have a poor hormone response within half a year.In AIH-only patients,ANAs have no significant effect on hormone response results.