With the continuous deepening of the concept of precision diagnosis and treatment for lung cancer, how to achieve higher efficiency and accuracy in the screening, diagnosis, and treatment pathways in clinical practice has become an important issue that urgently needs to be overcome. The current clinical difficulty lies in the fact that despite continuous advancements in imaging and molecular diagnostic technologies, there are still limitations in manual efficiency and subjective experience when it comes to massive data analysis and multi-scale feature extraction. Artificial intelligence (AI), especially algorithm systems based on deep learning, is an innovative technology capable of deeply empowering medical big data. This method utilizes algorithms such as convolutional neural networks, combined with radiomics, pathomics, and multi-modal data fusion analysis, demonstrating immense potential in early precise detection and benign-malignant differentiation of pulmonary nodules, digital pathological subtype recognition and non-invasive prediction of driver genes, precise 3D surgical planning and automatic delineation of radiotherapy target volumes, as well as dynamic risk warning during follow-up. This innovative technology provides a brand-new solution for realizing intelligent and individualized lung cancer diagnosis and treatment models. This consensus, based on the latest evidence from evidence-based medicine and combined with the development trends in the AI field and real-world clinical needs, was ultimately formed by gathering the consensus opinions of multidisciplinary experts in radiology, pathology, thoracic surgery, and other fields. The main content covers the application specifications of AI in the three core scenarios of lung cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment, the technical standards for data collection and algorithm validation, as well as the ethical and regulatory challenges faced at the current stage. It aims to clarify the applicable boundaries of AI as a clinical auxiliary decision support tool, providing scientific guidance and standardized exploration directions for peers currently engaged in or planning to carry out AI-assisted clinical diagnosis, treatment, and translation of lung cancer.

Autotransplantation of teeth (ATT) is a surgical technique that involves transplanting a non-functional tooth (donor tooth) within the oral cavity to an edentulous area (recipient site). This procedure not only demonstrates reliable long-term success and survival rates but also possesses unique osteoinductive capacity and soft tissue preservation advantages, making it particularly suitable for the restoration of dental defects in adolescents. However, ATT is highly technique-sensitive, and its successful implementation depends on the operator’s comprehensive mastery of multidisciplinary knowledge, including alveolar surgery, periodontology, endodontics, prosthodontics, and orthodontics, as well as the precise design and execution of personalized surgical plans. Preoperative systematic evaluation is required to assess the root development stage of the donor tooth, the bone volume condition of the recipient site, and the compatibility between the donor tooth and the recipient site. For teeth with an open apex, pulpal healing through revascularization is often achievable with a high success rate, whereas those with a closed apex typically require root canal treatment 2-4 weeks postoperatively to minimize complications. Utilizing cone beam computed tomography, intraoral scanning, and virtual surgical planning enables accurate assessment of donor-recipient matching and the design of the transplantation plan. Intraoperatively, careful attention must be paid to minimizing tissue trauma through precise planning and gentle manipulation, strictly limiting the extra-oral time of the donor tooth to within 15 min, and maintaining the root surface moist at all times to protect the periodontal ligament and improve surgical outcomes. The application of tools, such as 3D-printed personalized surgical guides, donor tooth replicas, and customized osteotomes, has enhanced the precision of socket preparation. Further, emerging technologies, such as dynamic navigation, surgical robotics, and artificial intelligence, have also demonstrated promising potential in the field of ATT.

Transdiaphragmatic intercostal hernia (TDIH) is a rare condition involving simultaneous disruption of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, allowing abdominal organs to herniate into the chest wall. It is usually traumatic and spontaneous cases are uncommon and can be easily overlooked. We report the case of a man in his late 60s with six years of progressive right chest wall swelling and recent vomiting and breathlessness. Initial imaging was misinterpreted as pleural effusion, but a computed tomography confirmed a five cm diaphragmatic defect with bowel herniation through the 7th –8th intercostal space. Prompt recognition is vital, as delayed diagnosis may lead to bowel obstruction, strangulation, and life -threatening complications

A 57-year-old woman with diabetes and hypertension presented with acute calculous cholecystitis and cholangitis. Incidentally, two splenic lesions were identified on formal abdominal ultrasound, one demonstrating the sonographic bright band sign. Computed tomography confirmed splenic infarctions and also revealed portosplenic vein thrombosis. Haematological workup, including JAK2 V617F mutation analysis, led to a diagnosis of polycythaemia vera, contributing to cholelithiasis via increased cell turnover and thrombosis due to hyperviscosity. She was started on venesection and hydroxycarbamide and discharged well. However, she defaulted follow -up and re -presented two years later with disseminated intravascular coagulation, eventually succumbing to the illness. This case highlights the utility of the sonographic bright band sign in identifying splenic infarction and distinguishing it from other hypoechoic splenic lesions

Introductions: Patients with primary podocytopathies such as minimal change disease (MCD) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) with nephrotic syndrome are at risk for adverse outcomes. This study reports on the long -term outcomes, specifically kidney failure and death among patients treated for primary podocytopathies in a tertiary centre in Singapore. Materials and Methods: This was a single -centre, retrospective cohort study of all adults aged ≥21 years old diagnosed between 2016 and 2020 with MCD and FSGS with nephrotic -range proteinuria. We excluded patients with membranous nephropathy and secondary glomerulonephritides (lupus nephritis, ANCA - associated vasculitis, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, and diabetic nephropathy). Sociodemographic, comorbidity, laboratory and pharmacotherapy data were retrieved from the electronic medical records. The outcomes assessed were incidence of death or kidney failure (estimated glomerular filtration function [eGFR]<15 ml/min/1.73 m2 or required kidney replacement therapy). Results: Sixty patients (Chinese 80%, Malay 6%, Indian 3% and other races 3%) with MCD (37 patients) and FSGS (23 patients) were included. The morphological lesions in FSGS included cellular (n=2), tip (n=2), perihilar (n=7), collapsing (n=3) and not otherwise specified (n=17). At a median follow -up of 26.3 (8.9, 50.3) months, 12 (20%) outcomes were recorded, 11 (47.8%; death 6 and kidney failure 5) in the FSGS group and 1 (2.7%; died) in the MCD group. The causes of death were attributed to kidney failure (n=1), cardiovascular disease (n=1), infection (n=3); and unknown (n=2). The Kaplan -Meier survival curve showed that patients with MCD had better patient and kidney outcomes than those with FSGS (log rank p<0.001). Cox regression analysis (adjusted for age) found that FSGS was significantly associated with death or kidney failure (adjusted hazard ratio 18.17, 95% confidence interval 2.28 -145.07, p=0.006), compared with MCD. Conclusion: Adults with severe primary podocytopathy due to FSGS had worse patient and kidney outcomes than MCD

Transdiaphragmatic intercostal hernia (TDIH) is a rare condition involving simultaneous disruption of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles, allowing abdominal organs to herniate into the chest wall. It is usually traumatic and spontaneous cases are uncommon and can be easily overlooked. We report the case of a man in his late 60s with six years of progressive right chest wall swelling and recent vomiting and breathlessness. Initial imaging was misinterpreted as pleural effusion, but a computed tomography confirmed a five cm diaphragmatic defect with bowel herniation through the 7th –8th intercostal space. Prompt recognition is vital, as delayed diagnosis may lead to bowel obstruction, strangulation, and life -threatening complications

A 57-year-old woman with diabetes and hypertension presented with acute calculous cholecystitis and cholangitis. Incidentally, two splenic lesions were identified on formal abdominal ultrasound, one demonstrating the sonographic bright band sign. Computed tomography confirmed splenic infarctions and also revealed portosplenic vein thrombosis. Haematological workup, including JAK2 V617F mutation analysis, led to a diagnosis of polycythaemia vera, contributing to cholelithiasis via increased cell turnover and thrombosis due to hyperviscosity. She was started on venesection and hydroxycarbamide and discharged well. However, she defaulted follow -up and re -presented two years later with disseminated intravascular coagulation, eventually succumbing to the illness. This case highlights the utility of the sonographic bright band sign in identifying splenic infarction and distinguishing it from other hypoechoic splenic lesions

Introductions: Patients with primary podocytopathies such as minimal change disease (MCD) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) with nephrotic syndrome are at risk for adverse outcomes. This study reports on the long -term outcomes, specifically kidney failure and death among patients treated for primary podocytopathies in a tertiary centre in Singapore. Materials and Methods: This was a single -centre, retrospective cohort study of all adults aged ≥21 years old diagnosed between 2016 and 2020 with MCD and FSGS with nephrotic -range proteinuria. We excluded patients with membranous nephropathy and secondary glomerulonephritides (lupus nephritis, ANCA - associated vasculitis, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, and diabetic nephropathy). Sociodemographic, comorbidity, laboratory and pharmacotherapy data were retrieved from the electronic medical records. The outcomes assessed were incidence of death or kidney failure (estimated glomerular filtration function [eGFR]<15 ml/min/1.73 m2 or required kidney replacement therapy). Results: Sixty patients (Chinese 80%, Malay 6%, Indian 3% and other races 3%) with MCD (37 patients) and FSGS (23 patients) were included. The morphological lesions in FSGS included cellular (n=2), tip (n=2), perihilar (n=7), collapsing (n=3) and not otherwise specified (n=17). At a median follow -up of 26.3 (8.9, 50.3) months, 12 (20%) outcomes were recorded, 11 (47.8%; death 6 and kidney failure 5) in the FSGS group and 1 (2.7%; died) in the MCD group. The causes of death were attributed to kidney failure (n=1), cardiovascular disease (n=1), infection (n=3); and unknown (n=2). The Kaplan -Meier survival curve showed that patients with MCD had better patient and kidney outcomes than those with FSGS (log rank p<0.001). Cox regression analysis (adjusted for age) found that FSGS was significantly associated with death or kidney failure (adjusted hazard ratio 18.17, 95% confidence interval 2.28 -145.07, p=0.006), compared with MCD. Conclusion: Adults with severe primary podocytopathy due to FSGS had worse patient and kidney outcomes than MCD