Dengue remains a public health threat that consumes a significant number of resources for its prevention and control. This systematic review aimed to solidify recent costing evidence in dengue management among South East Asian (SEA) countries. All studies conducted between 2010 and 2020 were retrieved using four international databases i.e. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Emerald Insight. The review was reported according to PRISMA guidelines. Quality assessments were done independently by two reviewers using a checklist adapted for the cost of illness studies. We identified 13 original articles representing several SEA countries. Among the common reported costing measure include total cost/ health expenditure; direct medical cost; direct non-medical cost; and indirect cost. The estimated total cost for dengue management varied between countries largely due to the difference in the total incidence of dengue cases. The estimated cost spent on dengue per capita GDP ranges from less than 0.001% to 0.1%, depending on the recorded number of dengue cases of the year. The majority of the articles focused on the economic burden from the perspective of treatment such as hospitalization and ambulatory care. In a nutshell, the economic burden of managing dengue infection is costly and the evidence suggests a steady increase in health expenditure with the growing number of dengue cases

Socio-Ecological Framework on Risk of Prolonged Dengue Outbreak in Seremban District: A Qualitative Study IntroductionA prolonged duration of a dengue outbreak in a locality poses a detrimental risk to the susceptible population. There have been limited studies looking into the socio-ecological factors that can be modified to break the chain of transmission. Therefore, this study aimed to explore and identify the socio-ecological attributes experienced by the health authority in the Seremban district.MethodsA qualitative study was performed using an in-depth interview (IDI) technique based on semi-structured questionnaires. Results were thematically analysed when theoretical saturation was achieved.ResultsA total of 12 respondents participated in this study, representing various backgrounds and involved in dengue control activities. There were nine modifiable socio-ecological themes generated, namely (1) illegal dumpsite, (2) illegal gardens, (3) illegal man-made structures, (4) old unused items, (5) idle damaged vehicles, (6) construction site, (7) drainage system, (8) physical structure, and (9) lack of community engagement. A model framework was conceptualised from the analysis. The health authority identified that these issues require urgent attention and collaborative action by various stakeholders.ConclusionThe identified socio-ecological factors have been a challenge for the health authority. Nevertheless, identifying these attributes signifies the key to tackling the prolonged duration of the dengue outbreak. Ultimately, a multi-agency approach and community participation are vital to ensure a sustainable vector control program.