Debates persist regarding the efficacy and safety of azvudine, particularly its real-world outcomes. This study involved patients aged ≥60 years who were admitted to 25 hospitals in mainland China with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between December 1, 2022, and February 28, 2023. Efficacy outcomes were all-cause mortality during hospitalization, the proportion of patients discharged with recovery, time to nucleic acid-negative conversion (T _NANC), time to symptom improvement (T _SI), and time of hospital stay (T _HS). Safety was also assessed. Among the 5884 participants identified, 1999 received azvudine, and 1999 matched controls were included after exclusion and propensity score matching. Azvudine recipients exhibited lower all-cause mortality compared with controls in the overall population (13.3% vs. 17.1%, RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67-0.90; P = 0.001) and in the severe subgroup (25.7% vs. 33.7%; RR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.66-0.88; P < 0.001). A higher proportion of patients discharged with recovery, and a shorter T _NANC were associated with azvudine recipients, especially in the severe subgroup. The incidence of adverse events in azvudine recipients was comparable to that in the control group (2.3% vs. 1.7%, P = 0.170). In conclusion, azvudine showed efficacy and safety in older patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the SARS-CoV-2 omicron wave in China.

Malignant cerebral edema after ischemic stroke can lead to increased intracranial pressure, rapid deterioration of neurological symptoms, and formation of cerebral hernia. Given the high mortality and disability of malignant cerebral edema, its early detection and treatment are the focus of researches on ischemic stroke. This review summarizes the formation mechanism, predictive factors and treatment methods of malignant cerebral edema after ischemic stroke.

Objective To explore the effect of drug injection under bronchoscopy on the retreatment of smear positive cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods From June 2016 to December 2017,164 cases of pul-monary tuberculosis with smear Yang cavity type were selected,which were divided into 2 groups according to the random digital table method,each groups has 82 cases.The control group received routine treatment,the observa-tion group underwent bronchoscopy with Kangfuxin Liquid combined with drug injection therapy.The clinical effect of the two groups,the changes of lung function before and after treatment and the improvement of clinical symp-toms were compared.Results The clinical curative effect of the treatment group was better than the control group, which difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05). FEV1,FEV1/FVC,PEF index in the observation group were better than the control group,which difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The complication rate of observation group was lower than the control group,which difference was statistically significant(P < 0.05). Conclusion Drug injection under bronchoscopy can significantly improve the clinical efficacy and lung function and promote clinical symptoms in patients with retreated smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis.It is worthy of popu-larization and application.

Objective To estimate the bladder symptoms, and explore its impact on patients′ quality of life in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods Overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS) was used to evaluate patients′ bladder symptoms, and Medical Outcome Study 12-Item Short Form Health Survey Scale (SF-12), Overactive Bladder Questionnaire Short Form(OABq-SF)were conducted to test the effect of bladder symptoms on general and disease-specific quality of life. Results Among the four bladder symptoms, nocturia was the most prevalent symptom (46.7%,479/1025 ), followed by urinary frequency (14.9%,153/1025 ),urinary urgency (14.2%,146/1025 ), urge urinary incontinence (7.9%, 81/1025). Nocturia and urge urinary incontinence significantly increased symptom bother (nocturia B=0.337,P<0.01;urge urinary incontinence B=0.437,P<0.01) and decreased disease-specific quality of life (nocturia B=-0.364,P<0.01;urge urinary incontinence B=-0.346, P<0.01) in these patients. Meanwhile, urge urinary incontinence was negatively associated with general mental health (B=-0.255, P=0.011). Conclusions The prevalence of bladder symptoms in type 2 diabetes patients was high, and was found to be associated with patients′general and disease-specific quality of life. Health care providers should be aware of the high prevalence of bladder symptoms and its impact on QOL to facilitate early diagnosis and treatment of bladder symptoms during diabetic care.

Objective To test the safety and efficacy of using Botulinum Toxin Type A(BTX-A)in the treatment of chronic daily headache(CDH). Methods Thirty-eight patients in the treatment group injected BTX-A 50 U at 10 positions at the muscles including frontalis, temporalis, splenius capitis and occipitalis. Forty-four patients in the control group were given 2% lidocaine 3 ml plus prednisolone acetate 75 mg(2 ml)at the same muscles sites as in the treatment group. Frequency of headache, headache intensity(evaluated by visual analogue scale, VAS), quality of life(by WHO Qol-8 questionnaire)and adverse reactions were assessed on 0, 30, 60, 90 days after the treatment. Results At follow-up of 30,60, 90 days, the number of headache days per month reduced in both groups. BTX-A group had 14. 0 ±7.8, 13. 0 ±6. 8 and 13.0 ±6. 4 days per month, while the control group had 19. 0 ±6. 1, 21.0 ±6. 1 and 21.0 ±5.8, days at the follow-up of 30, 60 and 90 days, respectively, showing significant difference in the two groups(Z = 2. 895, 4. 544 and 4. 878, all P ＜ 0. 01). At 30 days, VAS scores in the treatment and control groups were 3.6 ± 1.5 and 3. 8 ± 1.3 respectively, showing no significant difference(Z = 1. 254,P =0. 210); At 60 days and 90 days, VAS scores in the BTX-A group were 3.2 ± 1.5 and 3. 1 ± 1.6 respectively, and in the control group were 4. 7 ± 1.3 and 5.0 ± 1.5 respectively, showing significant difference(Z =4. 950 and 5. 096, both P =0. 000). Quality of life in the two groups was slightly improved.After the treatment, 1 case(2. 6%)in BTX-A group occurred brow ptosis. The other patients didn't report any treatment related adverse events. Conclusion BTX-A is an effective and relative safe treatment in patients with CDH.

0.05).Conclusion:The decreased expressions of IL-18 and ICE in local ovarian cancer Tissues should have certain relation to the occurrence and development of ovarian cancer.

OBJECTIVE:To provide the ideas about how the chain drugstores to reply to drug price war.METHODS:Economically,the competition between drugstore was discussed and the respective advantages and disadvantages of fair-price and chain drugstores were analysed.RESULTS &CONCLUSION:Chain drugstores should improve their pharmaceutical service,base oneself upon market voids,and exert self-advantages,if they want to win in price war.