Due to the difficulty of overcoming the abnormal epidermal barriers and addressing S. aureus infections without disrupting indigenous skin microbiota, effective treatment of bacterial infection atopic dermatitis (AD) remains a significant clinical challenge. Skin microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) shows protentional for skin disease treatment, but the lack of antimicrobial activity and limited skin penetration hamper their application in bacterial infection AD treatment. Here, we developed novel nanoantibiotics by loading Lev into S. epidermidis-derived EVs (Lev@SE-EVs), with supreme antimicrobial activity, regulating epidermal immune responses and enhanced epidermal barrier functionality. The nanoantibiotics were further integrated into hyaluronic acid-based microneedle (MN) for efficient transdermal delivery of therapeutic agents and effectively treating bacterial infection in AD. Upon insertion into the skin, the rapidly released Lev@SE-EVs from MN are uptake by S. aureus in a selective manner, fibroblasts, and surrounding immune cells to exert therapeutic effects in the infected dermal layer, resulting in mitigated skin inflammation, reduced S. aureus burden and increased dermis repair. Notably, Lev@SE-EVs induce IL-17A⁺ CD8⁺ T-cell accumulation in the skin in an unrelated inflammation manner, which may represent heterologous protection. This EVs-integrated MN assisted Lev@SE-EVs to alleviate skin inflammation, repair skin, and provide an effective and safe therapeutic approach for bacterial infection AD treatment.

Synthetic biology is a crucial tool for the development of the bio-industry and bio-economy, representing a significant aspect of new quality productive forces. As a core course for graduate students in bioengineering, Synthetic Biology plays a vital role in ensuring the supply of essential talents for the development of the bio-industry in the new era. To better serve regional economic development and provide high-level talents for China's progress in the bio-industry, we analyzed typical issues encountered in the past teaching activities, set up a multi-disciplinary teaching team, optimized the course contents, adjusted the teaching mode, and mobilized students' learning interest. With the application of scientific research project as the starting point, we guided students to think and discuss deeply through the simulation of application writing and project defense, which improved students' critical thinking and innovative thinking. With industrialization as a focus, we explored a new training model combining production, education, and research through the joint practice base of the university and enterprises introduced typical cases of biomanufacturing to encourage students to engage in scientific research. The teaching reform significantly enhances the comprehensive abilities and national sentiments of graduate students. This paper hopes to serve as a reference for colleagues engaged in teaching in this field.
Synthetic Biology/education* ; Teaching ; China ; Humans

Objective To develop a predictive model for guiding blood transfusion decisions in pediatric patients with traumatic brain injury(TBI)by identifying and analyzing key factors that influence blood transfusion requirements.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 1,535 pediatric patients with TBI admitted to four medical institutions from January 1,2015,to December 31,2022.Patients were divided into two groups:those who received red blood cell transfusions during hospitalization and those who did not.Comparative analyses were performed on demographic,clinical,and laboratory data between these two groups.Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors associated with in-hospital blood transfusion,and a predictive model was developed using a nomogram.The performance of this model was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results Significant differences were observed between the blood transfusion and non-blood transfusion groups in terms of baseline demographics,clinical indicators,and laboratory test results(all P<0.05).Patients in the blood transfusion group exhibited significantly higher in-hospital mortality,compli-cation rates,use of mechanical ventilation,ICU admission rates,and length of stay compared to those in the non-blood transfusion group(all P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified heart rate,presence of other fractures,treatment methods,hemoglobin(Hb),platelet count(Plt),activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT),and D-dimer levels as independent risk factors for blood transfusion in TBI patients.The area under the ROC curve for the blood transfusion prediction model,based on these independent risk factors,was 0.95(95%CI:0.94～0.97),indicating excellent predictive accuracy.Calibration and decision curves further validated the robust-ness and reliability of the model's predictive capacity.Conclusions Heart rate,presence of other fractures,treatment methods,Hb,Plt count,APTT,and D-dimer levels serve as independent risk factors for blood transfusion in TBI patients.The prediction model developed based on these factors demonstrates excellent predictive performance,thereby guiding clinicians in making informed blood transfusion decisions and enhancing the success rate of patient outcomes.

Objective:To explore the diagnostic value of small field of view ZooMit diffusion weighted imaging(Z-DWI)sequence of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)in assessing benign and malignant pulmonary nodules.Methods:A total of 60 patients with pulmonary nodules who underwent MR examination at the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University from January 2021 to December 2022 were prospectively collected.All patients underwent conventional DWI(C-DWI)and Z-DWI.The signal to noise ratio(SNR),contrast to noise ratio(CNR),and apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)of them were measured and analyzed.Two physicians with more than 8 years of experience in diagnosing pulmonary nodules implemented subjective scores for the image quality.Then,the ADC values of benign and malignant nodules between two kinds of images were compared.Results:The scores of Z-DWI images quality in terms of artifact,display of anatomical detail,lesion clarity,and image distortion were respectively(3.53±0.52),(3.27±0.70),(2.87±0.64),and(2.93±0.71),which were all higher than those of C-DWI images,and the differences were statistically significant(t=-4.68,-3.56,-2.44,-2.87,P<0.05).The SNR and CNR values of Z-DWI sequence were respectively(123.4±39.9)and(124.9±24.7),all of which were higher than those of C-DWI sequence,and the differences were statistically significant(t=-8.63,-7.09,P<0.05).The ADC values of C-DWI images of benign and malignant nodules were respectively(1.53±0.27)and(1.09±0.22),and the difference of that between them were statistically significant(t=9.88,P<0.001).The ADC values of Z-DWI images of benign and malignant nodules were respectively(1.39±0.18)and(0.99±0.19),and the difference of that between them was statistically significant(t=7.30,P<0.001).The ADC values of benign and malignant nodules of C-DWI images were higher than those of Z-DWI images,and the differences were statistically significant(t=3.40,2.13,P<0.05).Conclusion:Z-DWI can improve the image quality of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules,which has important clinically diagnostic significance in assessing the benign and malignant natures of pulmonary nodules.

Objective:To explore the diagnostic value of small field of view ZooMit diffusion weighted imaging(Z-DWI)sequence of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)in assessing benign and malignant pulmonary nodules.Methods:A total of 60 patients with pulmonary nodules who underwent MR examination at the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University from January 2021 to December 2022 were prospectively collected.All patients underwent conventional DWI(C-DWI)and Z-DWI.The signal to noise ratio(SNR),contrast to noise ratio(CNR),and apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)of them were measured and analyzed.Two physicians with more than 8 years of experience in diagnosing pulmonary nodules implemented subjective scores for the image quality.Then,the ADC values of benign and malignant nodules between two kinds of images were compared.Results:The scores of Z-DWI images quality in terms of artifact,display of anatomical detail,lesion clarity,and image distortion were respectively(3.53±0.52),(3.27±0.70),(2.87±0.64),and(2.93±0.71),which were all higher than those of C-DWI images,and the differences were statistically significant(t=-4.68,-3.56,-2.44,-2.87,P<0.05).The SNR and CNR values of Z-DWI sequence were respectively(123.4±39.9)and(124.9±24.7),all of which were higher than those of C-DWI sequence,and the differences were statistically significant(t=-8.63,-7.09,P<0.05).The ADC values of C-DWI images of benign and malignant nodules were respectively(1.53±0.27)and(1.09±0.22),and the difference of that between them were statistically significant(t=9.88,P<0.001).The ADC values of Z-DWI images of benign and malignant nodules were respectively(1.39±0.18)and(0.99±0.19),and the difference of that between them was statistically significant(t=7.30,P<0.001).The ADC values of benign and malignant nodules of C-DWI images were higher than those of Z-DWI images,and the differences were statistically significant(t=3.40,2.13,P<0.05).Conclusion:Z-DWI can improve the image quality of benign and malignant pulmonary nodules,which has important clinically diagnostic significance in assessing the benign and malignant natures of pulmonary nodules.

Objective To develop a predictive model for guiding blood transfusion decisions in pediatric patients with traumatic brain injury(TBI)by identifying and analyzing key factors that influence blood transfusion requirements.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 1,535 pediatric patients with TBI admitted to four medical institutions from January 1,2015,to December 31,2022.Patients were divided into two groups:those who received red blood cell transfusions during hospitalization and those who did not.Comparative analyses were performed on demographic,clinical,and laboratory data between these two groups.Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors associated with in-hospital blood transfusion,and a predictive model was developed using a nomogram.The performance of this model was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results Significant differences were observed between the blood transfusion and non-blood transfusion groups in terms of baseline demographics,clinical indicators,and laboratory test results(all P<0.05).Patients in the blood transfusion group exhibited significantly higher in-hospital mortality,compli-cation rates,use of mechanical ventilation,ICU admission rates,and length of stay compared to those in the non-blood transfusion group(all P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified heart rate,presence of other fractures,treatment methods,hemoglobin(Hb),platelet count(Plt),activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT),and D-dimer levels as independent risk factors for blood transfusion in TBI patients.The area under the ROC curve for the blood transfusion prediction model,based on these independent risk factors,was 0.95(95%CI:0.94～0.97),indicating excellent predictive accuracy.Calibration and decision curves further validated the robust-ness and reliability of the model's predictive capacity.Conclusions Heart rate,presence of other fractures,treatment methods,Hb,Plt count,APTT,and D-dimer levels serve as independent risk factors for blood transfusion in TBI patients.The prediction model developed based on these factors demonstrates excellent predictive performance,thereby guiding clinicians in making informed blood transfusion decisions and enhancing the success rate of patient outcomes.

OBJECTIVE To study the pharmacokinetics of Esketamine hydrochloride nasal spray in rats and ciliary toxicity to maxillary mucosa of bullfrog. METHODS The plasma concentration of esketamine hydrochloride in rats was determined by LC-MS/ MS after intravenous injection of esketamine hydrochloride solution and nasal administration of esketamine hydrochloride； the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by using Phoenix WinNonlin 8.1.0 software. Using the maxillary mucosa of isolated bullfrog as a model， the morphological changes of maxillary mucosa were investigated， and the duration and recovery of ciliary oscillation were recorded after nasal administration of esketamine hydrochloride. RESULTS The peak of blood concentration occurred 2 min after nasal administration of esketamine hydrochloride； cmax was （814.58±418.80） ng/mL， AUC0－∞ was （203.75± 92.76） ng·h/mL， and the absolute bioavailability was 60.68%. After nasal administration of esketamine hydrochloride， it was observed that the cilia of bullfrog were arranged neatly， the edges were clear， the cilia tissue structure was complete and the cilia moved actively. The cilia movement time was （178.17±13.30） min for the first time， and after the cilia moved again， the ciliary movement time measured again was （24.50±9.19）min with a relative movement percentage of 53.56%. CONCLUSIONS Esketamine hydrochloride nasal spray has a rapid onset of action， high bioavailability， and low ciliary toxicity.

Objective:To carry out evidence-based nursing for postoperative exercise rehabilitation of patients with vertebral fractures, develop review indicators, analyze obstacles and facilitators in evidence-based nursing practice, and formulate reform strategies.Methods:Guided by the evidence-based nursing practice model of the Joanna Briggs Institute, this study incorporated evidence of postoperative exercise rehabilitation in patients with vertebral fractures and developed review items. Based on baseline review, the obstacles and facilitators in evidence-based nursing practice were analyzed, and reform strategies were formulated.Results:A total of 29 evidence items were included, and 16 review indicators were formulated. Only seven indicators had a compliance rate of 100%, two indicators had a compliance rate of 0, and the compliance rate of the remaining indicators was between 11% and 95%. The obstacles in evidence-based nursing practice came from three levels: system, practitioner, and patient. The facilitators included strong leadership and organizational abilities, close cooperation between medical and nursing teams, and so on. Corresponding change strategies were developed based on obstacles and facilitators.Conclusions:There is a certain gap between the evidence of exercise rehabilitation and evidence-based nursing practice in postoperative patients with vertebral fractures. We should make full use of facilitators to overcome obstacles and implement reform strategies.

Objective:To translate the perceived stressors in intensive care units Scale into Chinese version,and to validate its validity and reliability and in intensive healthcare professionals.Methods:The Perceived Stressors in Intensive Care Units Scale was translated according to the Brislin translation model.After cultural adjustment,495 ICU healthcare professionals were selected to evaluate the validity and reliability of the scale,and univariate analysis was conducted on the scores of the Scale with different characteristics.Results:The Chinese version of the scale re-tained 40 items,and 6 common factors were extracted after exploratory factor analysis.The cumulative variance contribution rate reached 58.21％.Confirmatory factor analysis showed a basic fit of the model(x2/df=2.85,CFI=0.93,TLI=0.93,RMSEA=0.09).The total Cronbach coefficient of the scale was 0.940 and the split-half relia-bility was 0.87.The retest reliability after 2 weeks was 0.92.The item-level content validity index of the Chinese version of The Perceived Stressors in Intensive Care Units Scale was 0.83～1.00,the scale-level content validity index was 0.93,and the average content validity was 0.98.Comparison of the total scores of scale among ICU healthcare professionals with different occupations,professional titles,marital status and working years showed sta-tistically significant differences(P＜0.05).Conclusion:The Chinese version of the Perceived Stressors in Intensive Care Units Scale is proved to be a good instrument with acceptable validity and reliability.