Objective:To investigate the electrophysiological characteristics of medium spiny neurons(MSNs)expressing D1 or D2 dopamine receptors in the striatum of mice,providing a theoretical basis for exploring their roles in motor disorders,reward,and anxiety-depression.Methods:Six male adult D1-tdTomato and D2-tdTomato mice were used.After anesthesia and decapitation,the brains were quickly removed,and coronal slices were prepared.Whole-cell patch recording were employed to record spontaneous firing,resting membrane potential,and action potential parameters of D1 and D2 MSNs in the striatum.Comparative analyses were conducted to identify differences between the two types of neurons.Results:The frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents(sEPSCs)in D1-MSNs was signifi-cantly lower than that in D2-MSNs(P＜0.001),but there was no difference in amplitude;whereas no significant differences were observed in the frequency or amplitude of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents(sIPSCs)between D1-MSNs and D2-MSNs.Compared with D1-MSNs,D2-MSNs had a lower resting membrane potential(P＜0.01),a significantly lower rheobase for action potential generation(P＜0.01),and the frequency of action potentials induced by depolarizing current injection was significantly higher in D2-MSNs(P＜0.001).Following perfusion with dopamine(60 μmol/L),the frequency of action potentials in D1-MSNs significantly increased(P＜0.001),while the frequency of action potentials in D2-MSNs significantly decreased(P＜0.001).Conclusion:There are significant differences in the electrophysiological properties between D1-MSNs and D2-MSNs in the striatum of mice.

Objective:To investigate the electrophysiological characteristics of medium spiny neurons(MSNs)expressing D1 or D2 dopamine receptors in the striatum of mice,providing a theoretical basis for exploring their roles in motor disorders,reward,and anxiety-depression.Methods:Six male adult D1-tdTomato and D2-tdTomato mice were used.After anesthesia and decapitation,the brains were quickly removed,and coronal slices were prepared.Whole-cell patch recording were employed to record spontaneous firing,resting membrane potential,and action potential parameters of D1 and D2 MSNs in the striatum.Comparative analyses were conducted to identify differences between the two types of neurons.Results:The frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents(sEPSCs)in D1-MSNs was signifi-cantly lower than that in D2-MSNs(P＜0.001),but there was no difference in amplitude;whereas no significant differences were observed in the frequency or amplitude of spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents(sIPSCs)between D1-MSNs and D2-MSNs.Compared with D1-MSNs,D2-MSNs had a lower resting membrane potential(P＜0.01),a significantly lower rheobase for action potential generation(P＜0.01),and the frequency of action potentials induced by depolarizing current injection was significantly higher in D2-MSNs(P＜0.001).Following perfusion with dopamine(60 μmol/L),the frequency of action potentials in D1-MSNs significantly increased(P＜0.001),while the frequency of action potentials in D2-MSNs significantly decreased(P＜0.001).Conclusion:There are significant differences in the electrophysiological properties between D1-MSNs and D2-MSNs in the striatum of mice.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical effects of anterolateral thigh free flap with fascia lata in the repair of dura mater defect after resection of head squamous cell carcinoma.Methods:From June 2016 to June 2018, Xijing Hospital of Air Force Medical University applied the free transplantation of anterolateral thigh flap with fascia lata to repair the dura mater defect of 12 patients with head squamous cell carcinoma, including 9 males and 3 females, aged from 35 to 74 years. The size of scalp soft tissue defects in patients after carcinoma resection ranged from 12 cm×10 cm to 24 cm×21 cm, and the size of dura mater defect of patients ranged from 7 cm×6 cm to 16 cm×14 cm. The size of flap of patients ranged from 14 cm×12 cm to 27 cm×24 cm, and the size of fascia lata ranged from 8 cm×7 cm to 17 cm×15 cm. The superficial temporal artery and middle temporal vein were connected by end to end anastomosis with the first musculocutaneous perforating branch of the descending branch of lateral femoral artery and its accompanying vein. The flap donor area was transplanted with autologous split-thickness skin graft from trunk and fixed with packing. Postoperative survival of flaps and skin grafts was observed. The patients were followed up regularly. The cranial magnetic resonance imaging was performed to observe the recurrence of intracranial tumors and dural integrity, shape of the flap and whether the donor site region was left with significant dysfunction were observed.Results:All the flaps and skin grafts survived well in 12 patients after surgery. Ten patients had primary healing at the edge of the flap suture; 2 patients had local sinus tract formation at the suture site of flap, with a small amount of cerebrospinal fluid leakage, and were recovered after outpatient dressing change. The patients were followed up for 10 to 36 months, and 3 patients with tumors involving in the dura mater sagittal sinus region had postoperative intracranial tumor recurrence. The tumor was resected again. All the patients had good dural integrity. The flaps of all patients were in good shape, and no obvious dysfunction remained in the flap donor site.Conclusions:Free transplantation of anterolateral thigh flap with fascia lata is an effective and reliable method to repair the dura mater defect following head squamous cell carcinoma resection. It can repair the scalp and dura mater defects caused by the invasion of squamous cell carcinoma and provide possibilities for skull reconstruction.