Objective:To investigate the role of hypoxia-induced angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) expression in experimental choroidal neovascularization (CNV).Methods:Twenty-seven SPF male C57BL/6J mice aged 6-8 weeks were selected.Eighteen of the mice were used to establish a laser-induced CNV model.On the 7th day after laser photocoagulation, success of the modeling was verified using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA). The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-choroid-sclera complex was extracted for protein analysis before modeling and on the 3rd and 7th days after modeling.The relative expression levels of ANGPTL4 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) at different time points were detected by Western blot.Additionally, frozen sections of mouse eyeballs on day 7 after modeling were prepared and the expression and cellular localization of ANGPTL4 were observed by immunofluorescence.RF/6A cells, derived from monkey choroidal retinal endothelial cells, were treated with 200 μmol/L cobalt chloride (CoCl 2) in the culture medium for 0, 3, 6, and 12 hours.RF/6A cells were also divided into a normal control group, a hypoxia group, and a hypoxia+ si-ANGPTL4 group, and cells were transfected with a plasmid containing si-ANGPTL4 sequence.The relative expression levels of ANGPTL4 and VEGF proteins in each group were detected by Western blot, and the differences in tube formation among the groups were observed by tube formation assay.A total of 27 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into CNV group, CNV+ si-NC group, and CNV+ si-ANGPTL4 group, with 9 mice in each group.In the CNV+ si-NC and CNV+ si-ANGPTL4 groups, si-NC and si-ANGPTL4 were respectively injected into the vitreous cavity after the CNV model was established.Fluorescence leakage in mice was observed by FFA, and the length, thickness and area of CNV was observed using OCTA and immunofluorescence staining of choroidal flat mounts.The relative expression levels of ANGPTL4 and VEGF proteins in each group were detected by Western blot.All animal experiments were conducted in accordance with ARVO Statement on the Use of Animals in Ophthalmic and Vision Research.The experimental protocol was approved by the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University (No.S20220822-902). Results:Before modeling and on the 3rd and 7th days after modeling, the relative expression levels of ANGPTL4 protein were 1.00±0.00, 1.58±0.05, and 1.90±0.04, respectively, and the relative expression levels of VEGF protein were 1.00±0.00, 1.31±0.05, and 1.84±0.04, respectively, with statistically significant overall differences ( F=528.934, 390.424, both P<0.05). Among them, on the 3rd and 7th days after modeling, the relative expression levels of ANGPTL4 and VEGF proteins were significantly higher in CNV group than in the control group (all P<0.05). The tissues of each layer of the retina were clear in the control group, while neovascularization could be seen growing under the retinal neuroepithelial layer in the CNV group.Compared with the control group, ANGPTL4 expression was significantly increased and colocalized with vascular endothelial cells in the CNV group.After CoCl 2 treatment of RF/6A cells for 3, 6, and 12 hours, the relative expression levels of ANGPTL4 and VEGF proteins were higher than at 0 hour, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the relative ANGPTL4 protein expression was increased in the hypoxia group and significantly decreased in the hypoxia+ si-ANGPTL4 group, showing statistically significant differences (both P<0.05). The number of tube formations in the control group, hypoxia group, and hypoxia+ si-ANGPTL4 group were 12.67±1.53, 19.64±1.56, and 17.01±1.04, respectively, with a statistically significant overall difference ( F=33.091, P<0.01). The number of tube formations increased in the hypoxia group and hypoxia+ si-ANGPTL4 group compared with the control group, and the number of tube formations decreased in the hypoxia+ si-ANGPTL4 group compared with the hypoxia group, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). Relative expression levels of ANGPTL4 and VEGF proteins were significantly lower in the CNV+ si-ANGPTL4 group than those in the CNV group (both P<0.05). The CNV area was significantly lower in the CNV+ si-ANGPTL4 group than in the CNV group and CNV+ si-NC group (both P<0.05). Conclusions:Hypoxia-induced ANGPTL4 promotes experimental CNV formation in vivo and in vitro.Inhibiting ANGPTL4 can reduce CNV formation and leakage.

Objective:To investigate effect of andrographolide(AG)on neuroinflammation in young epileptic rats by regulating cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)/protein kinase A(PKA)/cAMP response element binding protein(CREB)signaling pathway.Methods:SPF grade young SD rats were randomly divided into Control group,Model group,low-dose AG group(AG-L,125 mg/kg),high-dose AG group(AG-H,250 mg/kg)and high-dose AG+PKA inhibitor H-89 group(AG-H+H-89,250 mg/kg AG+2 mg/kg H-89),with 12 rats in each group.Epilepsy model of young rats was established by intraperitoneal injection of kainic acid(KA).Morris water maze test was used to detect learning and memory functions of rats.ELISA was used to detect levels of TNF-α,IL-10,malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide dismutase(SOD)and cAMP in hippocampus of rats in each group.Histomorphology of hippo-campus was detected by Nissl staining.TUNEL test was usd to determine apoptosis rate of neurons in rat hippocampus.PKA and CREB mRNA expressions in hippocampus of rats in each group were detected by RT-qPCR.Western blot was used to detect protein expressions of PKA,Bax,Caspase-3,CREB,p-CREB and brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)in hippocampus of rats in each group.Results:Compared with control group,escape latency,TNF-α and MDA levels in hippocampus,apoptosis rate of nerve cells,Bax and Caspase-3 protein expressions in Model group were obviously increased(P<0.05),target quadrant residence time,SOD,IL-10,cAMP levels,PKA,CREB mRNA and protein expressions,BDNF protein expression in hippocampus were decreased obviously(P<0.05),hippocampal tissue showed pathological damage and a large number of Nissl bodies were lost.Compared with Model group,cor-responding indexes of rats in AG-H group were contrary to the above(P<0.05),loss of Nissl corpuscles was reduced.H-89 alleviated improvement of AG on neuroinflammation in young epileptic rats.Conclusion:AG may reduce neuroinflammation in young epileptic rats by activating cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway.

Objective Utilizing the International Classification of Functioning,Disability and Health(ICF)framework and Interna-tional Classification of Diseases,the 11th Revision(ICD-11)system,alongside evidence from World Health Or-ganization(WHO)global reports and technical reports from relevant countries,this study systematically exam-ines the definitions,classifications,grading,and assessment methods for visual,hearing,speech,physical,intel-lectual,and mental(psychiatric)disabilities.Methods Employing the ICF's biopsychosocial model,classification,and coding system and ICD-11,and referencing WHO global reports and national technical reports,this study systematically investigated the definitions,classifi-cations,grading and assessment approaches for six prevalent disabilities:visual,hearing,speech,physical,intel-lectual and mental.Results The ICF and ICD-11model and classification system offered a robust framework for defining,classifying,grad-ing and assessing disabilities.Disability definitions should address body function impairments,activity limita-tions,participation restrictions and environmental factors.The definitions,classifications and grading of visual,hearing,speech,physical,intellectual and mental disabilities aligned with ICF categories for body functions and structures,activities and participation and categories of ICD-11.Standardized tools like the WHO Disability As-sessment Schedule(WHODAS 2.0)effectively measured overall activity and participation levels.Conclusion Anchored in the ICF and ICD-11 framework,disabilities are defined,classified,graded and assessed across body functions and structure,activities and participation,and environmental factors.WHODAS 2.0 serves as a universal tool for assessing activities and participation,enabling both comprehensive functional evaluations and the conversion of results from other assessment tools.By analyzing WHO global reports and technical documents in some countries within the ICF and ICD-11 classifications framework,this study highlights global advance-ments in disability definitions,classifications,grading and assessments.Variations in disability statistics stem from differing definitions,diagnostic criteria and assessments.Disability service eligibility criteria should be tai-lored to the needs of recipients and the capacity of providers.

Objective:The clinical symptoms of children with global developmental delay (GDD) were analyzed to provide the scientific basis for the intervention of children with GDD.Methods:The results of the neuro-psychobehavioral scale were collected from 32 511 children with GDD from June 2020 to November 2023. Inclusion criteria: Children diagnosed with GDD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-V, ages 0.0 to 4.9 years. Exclusion criteria: children with common hearing impairment and visual impairment. The Chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis.Results:There were more boys than girls with GDD in outpatient clinics (68.2% vs. 31.8%). Among the children, the proportion of developmental delay in 5, 4, 3, and 2 domains was 31.1%, 23.4%, 22.9% and 22.6% respectively. The rate of delay in 2-3 domains was lower in boys (41.9%) than in girls (53.1%). The rate of delay in 4-5 domains was higher in boys (58.1%) than in girls (46.9%) ( χ2=352.11, P<0.001). Overall, outpatient GDD decreased with age. From 1.0-1.9 to 4.0-4.9 years of age, the proportion of children with developmental delay in 5 domains increased with age (18.2%, 36.4%, 43.9%, 52.4%). Among children aged 0.0-0.9 years, the proportion of 2 domains of developmental delay was higher (33.4%).Among children aged 1.0-1.9 years, the proportion of 2-3 domains of developmental delay was higher (30.7%). Among children aged 2.0-, 3.0-, 4.0-4.9 years, the proportion of developmental delay in 5 domains was higher (36.4%, 43.9%, 52.4%). In children with GDD, the fine motor delay occurred most frequently (85.1%), followed by social self-care (83.9%), language (79.0%), adaptation (62.3%), and gross motor (52.8%). The frequency of developmental delays in fine motor, adaptability, language, and social self-care in boys was higher than that in girls ( χ2=161.37, χ2=41.10, χ2=320.90, χ2=238.54, all P<0.001). The age groups with the highest delay incidence of gross motor, fine motor, adaptability, language, and social self-care were: 4.0-4.9 years (70.6%), 3.0-3.9 years (97.4%), 4.0-4.9 years (81.2%), 2.0-2.9 years (90.9%),2.0-2.9 years (95.4%). The proportions of fine motor delay in GDD children aged 0.0-0.9, 3.0-3.9 and 4.0-4.9 years were (74.5%, 97.4%, 96.8%) and the proportions of social self-care delay in GDD children aged 1.0- and 2.0-2.9 years were (92.1%, 95.4%). Peripheral and mild developmental delays were predominant in children with GDD. The proportion of severe language delay (6.4%) was higher than that in other fields. Conclusions:The proportion of GDD children with developmental delay in 4-5 domains was 54.5%. The most frequent domain of delay was fine motor. The frequencies of developmental delays in fine motor skills, adaptability, language, and social self-care in boys were higher than in girls. Most of the developmental delays in GDD children were marginal and mild. The rate of severe developmental delay in language was higher than in other domains.

Objective:To analyze the key β-amyloid protein (Aβ) deposition in brain regions affecting the progression from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods:Based on the positron emission tomography data of Aβ in the Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative database, the penalized generalized estimating equation (PGEE) and the mixed effects regression forest algorithm (MERF) were used to conduct dimensionality reduction analysis on 164 brain regions with Aβ deposition. Additionally, a multivariate longitudinal data joint model was used to screen the key Aβ deposition brain regions that influence the progression from MCI to AD.Results:Five key brain regions were commonly screened out by the PGEE and MERF models, they were the right prefrontal orbital cortex, the left superior temporal sulcus shore cortex, the right medial orbitofrontal cortex, the left putamen, and the right transverse temporal cortex, respectively. The results of the multivariate longitudinal data joint model based on these 5 Aβ deposition brain regions showed that, except the left superior temporal sulcus shore cortex, the longitudinal change trajectories of the other 4 Aβ deposition brain regions all affected the progression from MCI to AD ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The Aβ deposition in the right prefrontal orbital cortex, right medial orbitofrontal cortex, left putamen and right transverse temporal cortex affect the progression from MCI to AD.

Objective To investigate the differences of language abilities between children with developmental delay(DD)and those with autism spectrum disorder(ASD)aged 3-6 years,and to provide references for clinical differential diagnosis and subsequent rehabilitation therapy.Methods In this study,61 cases of DD children and 61 cases of ASD chil-dren were selected.The language ability of children was assessed using the"Children's Language Ability Assessment Stand-ards and Methods",which evaluated grammar,comprehension,expression and communication abilities.Results Children with DD showed better comprehension and social skills but weaker grammar and expressive abilities.Children with ASD generally had lower levels in all language areas.There was no significant difference in the average language ability or expres-sive ability the two groups(P＞0.05),but the language comprehension ability and communication ability of the ASD group were significantly lower than those of the DD group(P＜0.05).The grammar ability of the ASD group was higher than that of the DD group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The levels of different language areas of children with DD and ASD children are significantly different.Language ability tests can assist in the differential diagnosis of DD and ASD children,and provide reference for language rehabilitation training.

Objective:To investigate the role of hypoxia-induced angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) expression in experimental choroidal neovascularization (CNV).Methods:Twenty-seven SPF male C57BL/6J mice aged 6-8 weeks were selected.Eighteen of the mice were used to establish a laser-induced CNV model.On the 7th day after laser photocoagulation, success of the modeling was verified using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA). The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-choroid-sclera complex was extracted for protein analysis before modeling and on the 3rd and 7th days after modeling.The relative expression levels of ANGPTL4 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) at different time points were detected by Western blot.Additionally, frozen sections of mouse eyeballs on day 7 after modeling were prepared and the expression and cellular localization of ANGPTL4 were observed by immunofluorescence.RF/6A cells, derived from monkey choroidal retinal endothelial cells, were treated with 200 μmol/L cobalt chloride (CoCl 2) in the culture medium for 0, 3, 6, and 12 hours.RF/6A cells were also divided into a normal control group, a hypoxia group, and a hypoxia+ si-ANGPTL4 group, and cells were transfected with a plasmid containing si-ANGPTL4 sequence.The relative expression levels of ANGPTL4 and VEGF proteins in each group were detected by Western blot, and the differences in tube formation among the groups were observed by tube formation assay.A total of 27 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into CNV group, CNV+ si-NC group, and CNV+ si-ANGPTL4 group, with 9 mice in each group.In the CNV+ si-NC and CNV+ si-ANGPTL4 groups, si-NC and si-ANGPTL4 were respectively injected into the vitreous cavity after the CNV model was established.Fluorescence leakage in mice was observed by FFA, and the length, thickness and area of CNV was observed using OCTA and immunofluorescence staining of choroidal flat mounts.The relative expression levels of ANGPTL4 and VEGF proteins in each group were detected by Western blot.All animal experiments were conducted in accordance with ARVO Statement on the Use of Animals in Ophthalmic and Vision Research.The experimental protocol was approved by the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University (No.S20220822-902). Results:Before modeling and on the 3rd and 7th days after modeling, the relative expression levels of ANGPTL4 protein were 1.00±0.00, 1.58±0.05, and 1.90±0.04, respectively, and the relative expression levels of VEGF protein were 1.00±0.00, 1.31±0.05, and 1.84±0.04, respectively, with statistically significant overall differences ( F=528.934, 390.424, both P<0.05). Among them, on the 3rd and 7th days after modeling, the relative expression levels of ANGPTL4 and VEGF proteins were significantly higher in CNV group than in the control group (all P<0.05). The tissues of each layer of the retina were clear in the control group, while neovascularization could be seen growing under the retinal neuroepithelial layer in the CNV group.Compared with the control group, ANGPTL4 expression was significantly increased and colocalized with vascular endothelial cells in the CNV group.After CoCl 2 treatment of RF/6A cells for 3, 6, and 12 hours, the relative expression levels of ANGPTL4 and VEGF proteins were higher than at 0 hour, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the relative ANGPTL4 protein expression was increased in the hypoxia group and significantly decreased in the hypoxia+ si-ANGPTL4 group, showing statistically significant differences (both P<0.05). The number of tube formations in the control group, hypoxia group, and hypoxia+ si-ANGPTL4 group were 12.67±1.53, 19.64±1.56, and 17.01±1.04, respectively, with a statistically significant overall difference ( F=33.091, P<0.01). The number of tube formations increased in the hypoxia group and hypoxia+ si-ANGPTL4 group compared with the control group, and the number of tube formations decreased in the hypoxia+ si-ANGPTL4 group compared with the hypoxia group, with statistically significant differences (all P<0.05). Relative expression levels of ANGPTL4 and VEGF proteins were significantly lower in the CNV+ si-ANGPTL4 group than those in the CNV group (both P<0.05). The CNV area was significantly lower in the CNV+ si-ANGPTL4 group than in the CNV group and CNV+ si-NC group (both P<0.05). Conclusions:Hypoxia-induced ANGPTL4 promotes experimental CNV formation in vivo and in vitro.Inhibiting ANGPTL4 can reduce CNV formation and leakage.

Objective To understand the changing composition and antibiotic resistance of bacterial species in the clinical isolates from outpatient and emergency department(hereinafter referred to as outpatients)and inpatient children over time in various hospitals,and to provide laboratory evidence for rational antibiotic use.Methods The data on clinically isolated pathogenic bacteria and antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates from outpatients and inpatient children in the CHINET program from 2015 to 2021 were collected and analyzed.Results A total of 278 471 isolates were isolated from pediatric patients in the CHINET program from 2015 to 2021.About 17.1％of the strains were isolated from outpatients,primarily group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus,Escherichia coli,and Staphylococcus aureus.Most of the strains(82.9％)were isolated from inpatients,mainly SS.aureus,E.coli,and H.influenzae.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant S.aureus(MRSA)in outpatients(24.5％)was lower than that in inpatient children(31.5％).The MRSA isolates from outpatients showed lower resistance rates to the antibiotics tested than the strains isolated from inpatient children.The prevalence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis or E.faecium and penicillin-resistant S.pneumoniae was low in either outpatients or inpatient children.S.pneumoniae,β-hemolytic Streptococcus and S.viridans showed high resistance rates to erythromycin.The prevalence of erythromycin-resistant group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus was higher in outpatients than that in inpatient children.The prevalence of β-lactamase-producing H.influenzae showed an overall upward trend in children,but lower in outpatients(45.1％)than in inpatient children(59.4％).The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae(CRKpn),carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa(CRPae)and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAba)was 14％,11.7％,47.8％in outpatients,but 24.2％,20.6％,and 52.8％in inpatient children,respectively.The prevalence of multidrug-resistant E.coli,K.pneumoniae,Proteus mirabilis,P.aeruginosa and A.baumannii strains was lower in outpatients than in inpatient children.The prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant E.coli,ESBLs-producing K.pneumoniae,ESBLs-producing P.mirabilis,carbapenem-resistant E.coli(CREco),CRKpn,and CRPae was lower in children in outpatients than in inpatient children,but the prevalence of CRAba in 2021 was higher than in inpatient children.Conclusions The distribution of clinical isolates from children is different between outpatients and inpatients.The prevalence of MRSA,ESBL,and CRO was higher in inpatient children than in outpatients.Antibiotics should be used rationally in clinical practice based on etiological diagnosis and antimicrobial susceptibility test results.Ongoing antimicrobial resistance surveillance and prevention and control of hospital infections are crucial to curbing bacterial resistance.

Objective To investigate the changing antibiotic resistance profiles of E.coli isolated from patients in the 52 hospitals participating in the CHINET program from 2015 to 2021.Methods Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested for clinical isolates of E.coli according to the unified protocol of CHINET program.WHONET 5.6 and SPSS 20.0 software were used for data analysis.Results Atotal of 289 760 nonduplicate clinical strains ofE.coli were isolated from 2015 to 2021,mainly from urine samples(44.7±3.2)％.The proportion of E.coli strains isolated from urine samples was higher in females than in males(59.0％vs 29.5％).The proportion of E.coli strains isolated from respiratory tract and cerebrospinal fluid samples was significantly higher in children than in adults(16.7％vs 7.8％,0.8％vs 0.1％,both P＜0.05).The isolates from internal medicine department accounted for the largest proportion(28.9±2.8)％with an increasing trend over years.Overall,the prevalence of ESBLs-producing E.coli and carbapenem resistant E.coli(CREco)was 55.9％and 1.8％,respectively during the 7-year period.The prevalence of ESBLs-producing E.coli was the highest in tertiary hospitals each year from 2015 to 2021 compared to secondary hospitals.The prevalence of CREco was higher in children's hospitals compared to secondary and tertiary hospitals each year from 2015 to 2021.The prevalence of ESBLs-producing E.coli in tertiary hospitals and children's hospitals and the prevalence of CREco in children's hospitals showed a decreasing trend over the 7-year period.The prevalence of CREco in secondary and tertiary hospitals increased slowly.Antibiotic resistance rates changed slowly from 2015 to 2021.Carbapenem drugs(imipenem,meropenem)were the most active drugs amongβ-lactams against E.coli(resistance rate≤2.1％).The resistance rates of E.coli to β-lactam/β-lactam inhibitor combinations(piperacillin-tazobactam,cefoperazone-sulbactam),aminoglycosides(amikacin),nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin(for urinary isolates only)were all less than 10％.The resistance rate of E.coli strains to antibiotics varied with the level of hospitals and the departments where the strains were isolated,especially for cefazolin and ciprofloxacin,to which the resistance rate of E.coli strains from children in non-ICU departments was significantly lower than that of the strains isolated from other departments(P＜0.05).The E.coli isolates from ICU showed higher resistance rate to most antimicrobial agents tested(excluding tigecycline)than the strains isolated from other departments.The E.coli strains isolated from tertiary hospitals showed higher resistance rates to the antimicrobial agents tested(excluding tigecycline,polymyxin B,cefepime and carbapenems)than the strains from secondary hospitals and children's hospitals.Conclusions E.coli is an important pathogen causing clinical infection.More than half of the clinical isolates produced ESBL.The prevalence of CREco is increasing in secondary and tertiary hospitals over the 7-year period even though the overall prevalence is still low.This is an issue of concern.

Objective:The clinical symptoms of children with global developmental delay (GDD) were analyzed to provide the scientific basis for the intervention of children with GDD.Methods:The results of the neuro-psychobehavioral scale were collected from 32 511 children with GDD from June 2020 to November 2023. Inclusion criteria: Children diagnosed with GDD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-V, ages 0.0 to 4.9 years. Exclusion criteria: children with common hearing impairment and visual impairment. The Chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis.Results:There were more boys than girls with GDD in outpatient clinics (68.2% vs. 31.8%). Among the children, the proportion of developmental delay in 5, 4, 3, and 2 domains was 31.1%, 23.4%, 22.9% and 22.6% respectively. The rate of delay in 2-3 domains was lower in boys (41.9%) than in girls (53.1%). The rate of delay in 4-5 domains was higher in boys (58.1%) than in girls (46.9%) ( χ2=352.11, P<0.001). Overall, outpatient GDD decreased with age. From 1.0-1.9 to 4.0-4.9 years of age, the proportion of children with developmental delay in 5 domains increased with age (18.2%, 36.4%, 43.9%, 52.4%). Among children aged 0.0-0.9 years, the proportion of 2 domains of developmental delay was higher (33.4%).Among children aged 1.0-1.9 years, the proportion of 2-3 domains of developmental delay was higher (30.7%). Among children aged 2.0-, 3.0-, 4.0-4.9 years, the proportion of developmental delay in 5 domains was higher (36.4%, 43.9%, 52.4%). In children with GDD, the fine motor delay occurred most frequently (85.1%), followed by social self-care (83.9%), language (79.0%), adaptation (62.3%), and gross motor (52.8%). The frequency of developmental delays in fine motor, adaptability, language, and social self-care in boys was higher than that in girls ( χ2=161.37, χ2=41.10, χ2=320.90, χ2=238.54, all P<0.001). The age groups with the highest delay incidence of gross motor, fine motor, adaptability, language, and social self-care were: 4.0-4.9 years (70.6%), 3.0-3.9 years (97.4%), 4.0-4.9 years (81.2%), 2.0-2.9 years (90.9%),2.0-2.9 years (95.4%). The proportions of fine motor delay in GDD children aged 0.0-0.9, 3.0-3.9 and 4.0-4.9 years were (74.5%, 97.4%, 96.8%) and the proportions of social self-care delay in GDD children aged 1.0- and 2.0-2.9 years were (92.1%, 95.4%). Peripheral and mild developmental delays were predominant in children with GDD. The proportion of severe language delay (6.4%) was higher than that in other fields. Conclusions:The proportion of GDD children with developmental delay in 4-5 domains was 54.5%. The most frequent domain of delay was fine motor. The frequencies of developmental delays in fine motor skills, adaptability, language, and social self-care in boys were higher than in girls. Most of the developmental delays in GDD children were marginal and mild. The rate of severe developmental delay in language was higher than in other domains.