Cemental tear is a rare and indetectable condition unless obvious clinical signs present with the involvement of surrounding periodontal and periapical tissues. Due to its clinical manifestations similar to common dental issues, such as vertical root fracture, primary endodontic diseases, and periodontal diseases, as well as the low awareness of cemental tear for clinicians, misdiagnosis often occurs. The critical principle for cemental tear treatment is to remove torn fragments, and overlooking fragments leads to futile therapy, which could deteriorate the conditions of the affected teeth. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and subsequent appropriate interventions are vital for managing cemental tear. Novel diagnostic tools, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), microscopes, and enamel matrix derivatives, have improved early detection and management, enhancing tooth retention. The implementation of standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols, combined with improved clinical awareness among dental professionals, serves to mitigate risks of diagnostic errors and suboptimal therapeutic interventions. This expert consensus reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, potential predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cemental tear, aiming to provide a clinical guideline and facilitate clinicians to have a better understanding of cemental tear.
Humans ; Dental Cementum/injuries* ; Consensus ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Tooth Fractures/therapy*

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare, low-grade malignant cutaneous tumor characterized by a high propensity for local recurrence, yet low rates of metastasis and mortality. The pathogenesis of DFSP is primarily associated with a chromosomal translocation t(17; 22)(q22; q13), which leads to the fusion of the platelet-derived growth factor subunit B gene with the collagen type I alpha 1 chain gene in the majority of cases. Diagnosis relies on histopathological examination, supported by imaging studies for comprehensive assessment. Surgical resection remains the cornerstone of treatment; however, it is frequently complicated by a high risk of local recurrence. Recent advances in radiotherapy and targeted therapeutic strategies offer promising avenues for reducing recurrence rates and improving patient survival. Nevertheless, the pathological heterogeneity and diverse clinical manifestations of DFSP pose considerable challenges to the development and implementation of individualized treatment approaches. Thus, further fundamental research and refinement of clinical management are imperative to advance the diagnosis and therapy of DFSP.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a rare, low-grade malignant cutaneous tumor characterized by a high propensity for local recurrence, yet low rates of metastasis and mortality. The pathogenesis of DFSP is primarily associated with a chromosomal translocation t(17; 22)(q22; q13), which leads to the fusion of the platelet-derived growth factor subunit B gene with the collagen type I alpha 1 chain gene in the majority of cases. Diagnosis relies on histopathological examination, supported by imaging studies for comprehensive assessment. Surgical resection remains the cornerstone of treatment; however, it is frequently complicated by a high risk of local recurrence. Recent advances in radiotherapy and targeted therapeutic strategies offer promising avenues for reducing recurrence rates and improving patient survival. Nevertheless, the pathological heterogeneity and diverse clinical manifestations of DFSP pose considerable challenges to the development and implementation of individualized treatment approaches. Thus, further fundamental research and refinement of clinical management are imperative to advance the diagnosis and therapy of DFSP.

Promoting wound healing is a common clinical challenge faced by surgeons, with a variety of repair method and materials currently available for clinical use. In recent years, with the continuous development of disciplines such as tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and materials science, research on wound repair materials has progressed rapidly. This article will organize the classification, advantages and disadvantages, and the latest advancements in the preparation processes of wound repair materials. It will also discuss the current challenges faced by wound repair materials and future research directions, with the aim of providing a reference for related studies in wound repair.

Promoting wound healing is a common clinical challenge faced by surgeons, with a variety of repair methods and materials currently available for clinical application. In recent years, with the continuous development of disciplines such as tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and materials science, research on wound repair materials has progressed rapidly. This article will organize the classification, advantages and disadvantages, and the latest advancements in the preparation processes of wound repair materials. Further discussions on the current challenges and future research directions of wound repair materials are aimed to provide references for related wound repair research.

Promoting wound healing is a common clinical challenge faced by surgeons, with a variety of repair method and materials currently available for clinical use. In recent years, with the continuous development of disciplines such as tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and materials science, research on wound repair materials has progressed rapidly. This article will organize the classification, advantages and disadvantages, and the latest advancements in the preparation processes of wound repair materials. It will also discuss the current challenges faced by wound repair materials and future research directions, with the aim of providing a reference for related studies in wound repair.

Promoting wound healing is a common clinical challenge faced by surgeons, with a variety of repair methods and materials currently available for clinical application. In recent years, with the continuous development of disciplines such as tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and materials science, research on wound repair materials has progressed rapidly. This article will organize the classification, advantages and disadvantages, and the latest advancements in the preparation processes of wound repair materials. Further discussions on the current challenges and future research directions of wound repair materials are aimed to provide references for related wound repair research.

Objective:To learn about the operation of fluoride reduction and water improvement projects, the current situation of water fluoride level and the changing trend of fluorosis in drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis areas in Shaanxi Province, and to evaluate the effect of prevention and control measures.Methods:From March 2014 to December 2021, 15 endemic villages in drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis areas of Dali, Dingbian, Jingbian, Jingyang and Liquan counties in Shaanxi Province were selected as monitoring villages to investigate the operation of water improvement projects. Water samples were collected, and the water fluoride level was detected according to the "Standard Examination Methods for Drinking Water - Nonmetal Parameters" (GB/T 5750.5-2006). "Diagnosis of Dental Fluorosis" (WS/T 208-2011) was done to detect dental fluorosis in all children aged 8 - 12 who were born and lived in the monitoring village. Using "Diagnostic Standard for Endemic Skeletal Fluorosis" (WS/T 192-2008) and "Determination of Fluoride in Urine - Ion Selective Electrode Method" (WS/T 89-2015), X-ray examination and urine fluoride level test were performed on adults over 25 years old who had lived in the monitoring village for more than 5 years, respectively.Results:From 2014 to 2021, a total of 122 water improvement projects were investigated, all of which were in normal operation. The qualified rate of water fluoride increased from 81.25% (13/16) in 2014 to 100.00% (11/11) in 2021. A total of 5 595 children aged 8 - 12 were examined, 1 790 children with dental fluorosis were detected, with a detection rate of 31.99%. The detection rate of dental fluorosis in children decreased from 52.05% (304/584) in 2014 to 9.68% (93/961) in 2021, showing an overall downward trend (χ 2trend = 533.76, P < 0.001). In 2014, 791 adults were examined, and 256 patients with skeletal fluorosis were detected, the detection rate was 32.36%. In 2019, 770 adults were examined, and 88 patients with skeletal fluorosis were detected, with a detection rate of 11.43%. The detection rate of skeletal fluorosis in adults in 2019 was lower than that in 2014, and the difference was statistically significant (χ 2 = 99.54, P < 0.001). In 2014, 754 adult urine samples were collected, and the geometric mean of urine fluoride was 2.571 mg/L. In 2019, 770 adult urine samples were collected, and the geometric mean of urine fluoride was 1.292 mg/L. The geometric mean of urine fluoride in adults in 2019 was lower than that in 2014, and the difference was statistically significant ( Z = - 12.74, P < 0.001). Conclusions:From 2014 to 2021, the water improvement projects in drinking water-borne endemic fluorosis areas in Shaanxi Province are running normally, and the qualified rate of water fluoride has increased. The incidence of dental fluorosis in children and skeletal fluorosis in adults has decreased. In the later stage, it is necessary to continuously strengthen the monitoring and management of water improvement projects to prevent the rebound of water fluoride from causing residents' illness.

Objective:To learn about the changes of the condition of coal-burning-borne endemic arsenism, the use of improved stoves and the formation of health-related behaviors in Shaanxi Province, and evaluate the effect of prevention and control measures.Methods:From 2015 to 2020, according to the "Implementation Plan for Monitoring Coal-burning-borne Endemic Arsenism in Shaanxi Province", regular field surveys were carried out in 4 natural villages, 2 counties in Ankang City and Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province, to learn about the basic prevention and control situation in the monitoring village. Using the simple random sampling method, 10 families in each village were selected to investigate the use of stoves and the formation of health-related behaviors, and 5 of these families were selected to collect coal samples for arsenic content determination in accordance with the "Determination of Arsenic in Coal" (GB/T 3058-2008). According to the "Diagnosis of Endemic Arsenicosis" (WS/T 211-2015), the condition of the people exposed to high arsenic coal in the monitoring village was investigated. Urine samples of 30 adult patients (half males and half females) with arsenic poisoning were collected, the content of arsenic in urine was determined by the "Urine-Determination of Arsenic-Silver Diethyldithiocarbamate-Triethanolamine-Spectrophotometric Method" (WS/T 28-1996).Results:A total of 240 households were monitored in the past 6 years, and the quality conformance and correct utilization rates of improved stoves in the households monitored in the disease areas remained at 100.00% in 2018 - 2020. The utilization rate of clean energy increased from 75.00% (30/40) in 2015 to 100.00% (40/40) in 2018 - 2020 (χ 2trend = 25.5, P < 0.001). The 73.75% (177/240) of households using a variety of clean energy. From 2018 to 2020, the correct drying, storage and pre-processing washing rates of corn and pepper continued to reach 100.00% (40/40). The arsenic content of coal ( n = 120) in the disease areas was (118.09 ± 57.91) mg/kg, ranging from 16.70 to 280.94 mg/kg. The detection rate of arsenic poisoning decreased from 6.34% (231/3 646) in 2015 to 2.90% (109/3 754) in 2020 (χ 2trend = 121.8, P < 0.001), and no skin cancer or Bowen's disease was detected. The geometric mean of arsenic content in urine ( n = 720) was 0.038 1 mg/L, ranging from 0.000 5 to 0.312 9 mg/L. Conclusions:The condition of coal-burning-borne endemic arsenism areas in Shaanxi Province has reached the national elimination standard. The quality and correct utilization rate of improved stoves and the rate of using clean energy have increased. The healthy-related behaviors the people in the endemic areas have been basically formed. The prevention and control work has achieved good results.

Objective: To investigate the current situation of hearing health among college students and associated factors, and to provide a basis for universities and relevant departments to carry out hearing health work. Methods: By using stratified random sampling method, 1306 students from 4 universities in Taiyuan were screened for hearing loss and were investigated with a questionnaire from March to November 2021. Data were analyzed by using the SPSS 19.0 statistical. Results: The detection rate of hearing loss was 31.70%. The majority (51.91%) failed to pass the 4 000 Hz hearing screening. The total awareness rate of hearing problems was 58.96%. Logistic regression analysis showed that the total daily usage time of earphones >4 h/d, the duration of using earphones >1 h/time were positively correlated with positive screening for hearing loss among college students( OR=1.23, 1.14, P < 0.01), and good awareness of hearing health care and highest education of parents were negatively correlated with positive screening for hearing loss among coollege students( OR =0.54, 0.76, 0.37, P <0.05). Conclusion The awareness of hearing health care among college students is low. Universities and relevant departments should take targeted measures to provide the best hearing health care services.