Over the past three decades， China has made significant progress in the prevention and control of viral hepatitis， and the incidence rates of new-onset pediatric hepatitis B virus infections and acute viral hepatitis in the population have reduced to a relatively low level； however， there is still a heavy disease burden of chronic viral hepatitis in China， which severely affects the health status of the population. This study systematically summarizes the achievements of viral hepatitis prevention and control in China， analyzes existing problems and challenges， and proposes comprehensive prevention and control strategies and measures to eliminate viral hepatitis as a public health threat based on the national conditions of China， in order to provide a reference for related departments in China on how to achieve the action targets for eliminating viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030.

Objective: To explore the effect of replacing rice bowls with trays on controlling the salt intake among school aged children, providing new evidence and insights for salt reduction intervention. Methods: From April to May 2024, 373 students from grades 4-9 at a boarding school in Guizhou Province were enrolled through stratified random cluster sampling, with one intervention class and one control class per grade. During the intervention period for one month, and the types of meals provided, pricing standards, and dining procedures shall remain consistent with daily operations, the intervention group ( n =181) compartmentalized trays for lunch and dinner, while the control group ( n =192) still used a rice bowl. Pre and post intervention assessments included 24 hour urine collection, questionnaire surveys, and physical measurements. The difference in differences analysis combined with multiple linear regression was used to analyze the changes in sodium intake and to evaluate the net effect of the intervention. Results: The post intervention 24 hour sodium intake in the intervention group was ( 2 222.6 ±1 013.6) mg, an increase of 94.6 mg from baseline, with no statistically significant difference ( t=1.10, P >0.05). In contrast, the post intervention 24 hour sodium intake in the control group was (2 080.5±895.7) mg, a decrease of 190.8 mg from baseline, showing a statistically significant difference ( t=-2.39, P <0.05). The difference in differences results indicated that after adjusting the model for factors such as gender, grade and dietary behaviors affecting sodium intake, the intervention group showed a net increase of 232.5 mg [ β(95%CI )=232.5(-40.3-505.2)] in 24 hour sodium intake compared to the control group, with no statistically significant net effect ( P >0.05). Conclusions Merely changing tableware is insufficient to control children s salt intake effectively. Based on continuous practical explorations and evidence based research grounded in the nudge theory, multi dimensional measures such as salt reduction education and the construction of a supportive environment should be integrated to form an intervention system that achieves synergistic and enhanced effects.

Background: Twenty-four-hour urinary free cortisol (UFC) measurement is the initial diagnostic test for Cushing’s syndrome (CS). We compared UFC determination by both direct and extraction immunoassays using Abbott Architect, Siemens Atellica Solution, and Beckman DxI800 with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In addition, we evaluated the value of 24-hr UFC measured by six methods for diagnosing CS. Methods: Residual 24-hr urine samples of 94 CS and 246 non-CS patients were collected.A laboratory-developed LC-MS/MS method was used as reference. UFC was measured by direct assays (D) using Abbott, Siemens, and Beckman platforms and by extraction assays (E) using Siemens and Beckman platforms. Method was compared using Passing–Bablok regression and Bland–Altman plot analyses. Cut-off values for the six assays and corresponding sensitivities and specificities were calculated by ROC analysis. Results: Abbott-D, Beckman-E, Siemens-E, and Siemens-D showed strong correlations with LC-MS/MS (Spearman coefficient r = 0.965, 0.922, 0.922, and 0.897, respectively), while Beckman-D showed weaker correlation (r = 0.755). All immunoassays showed proportionally positive bias. The areas under the curve were 0.975 for Abbott-D, 0.972 for LCMS/MS, 0.966 for Siemens-E, 0.948 for Siemens-D, 0.955 for Beckman-E, and 0.877 for Beckman-D. The cut-off values varied significantly (154.8–1,321.5 nmol/24 hrs). Assay sensitivity and specificity ranged from 76.1% to 93.2% and from 93.0% to 97.1%, respectively. Conclusions Commercially available immunoassays for measuring UFC show different levels of analytical consistency compared to LC-MS/MS. Abbott-D, Siemens-E, and Beckman-E have high diagnostic accuracy for CS.

OBJECTIVE To construct a risk prediction model for non-compliance with inhaled medication in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on 365 COPD patients admitted to the cough and wheeze pharmaceutical care clinic of the First Hospital of Qinhuangdao from October 2021 to October 2023. The patients admitted from October 2021 to June 2023 were selected as the model group （n＝303）， and the patients admitted from July to October 2023 were selected as the validation group （n＝62）. The model group was divided into compliance subgroup （n＝126） and non-compliance subgroup （n＝177）. Univariate analysis combined with multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the risk factors for non-compliance with inhaled formulations in patients； the risk prediction model was established through regression analysis， and the accuracy of the model prediction was evaluated based on the validation group of patients. RESULTS Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that simultaneous use of 2 inhaled formulations （OR＝3.730， 95%CI 1.996-6.971， P＜0.001）， the number of acute exacerbations within one year ≥2 （OR＝2.509， 95%CI 1.509-4.173， P＜0.001）， smoking （OR＝2.167， 95%CI 1.309-3.588， P＝0.003）， complicated with anxiety/depression （OR＝2.112， 95%CI 1.257-3.499， P＝0.004） and mMRC grading≥2 levels （OR＝1.701， 95%CI 1.014-2.853， P＝0.044） were risk factors for non-compliance with inhaled preparations. Based on this， a risk prediction model was established and the ROC curve was drawn. The areas under the curve of the model group and validation group were 0.836 and 0.928， and the overall accuracy of the model’s prediction was 88.71%. CONCLUSIONS The predictive model based on the simultaneous use of 2 inhaled formulations， the number of acute exacerbations within one year ≥2， smoking， complicated with anxiety/depression， mMRC grading ≥2 levels has certain predictive value for the risk of non-compliance with inhaled formulations for COPD patients.

OBJECTIVE To construct a risk prediction model for non-compliance with inhaled medication in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）. METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on 365 COPD patients admitted to the cough and wheeze pharmaceutical care clinic of the First Hospital of Qinhuangdao from October 2021 to October 2023. The patients admitted from October 2021 to June 2023 were selected as the model group （n＝303）， and the patients admitted from July to October 2023 were selected as the validation group （n＝62）. The model group was divided into compliance subgroup （n＝126） and non-compliance subgroup （n＝177）. Univariate analysis combined with multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the risk factors for non-compliance with inhaled formulations in patients； the risk prediction model was established through regression analysis， and the accuracy of the model prediction was evaluated based on the validation group of patients. RESULTS Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that simultaneous use of 2 inhaled formulations （OR＝3.730， 95%CI 1.996-6.971， P＜0.001）， the number of acute exacerbations within one year ≥2 （OR＝2.509， 95%CI 1.509-4.173， P＜0.001）， smoking （OR＝2.167， 95%CI 1.309-3.588， P＝0.003）， complicated with anxiety/depression （OR＝2.112， 95%CI 1.257-3.499， P＝0.004） and mMRC grading≥2 levels （OR＝1.701， 95%CI 1.014-2.853， P＝0.044） were risk factors for non-compliance with inhaled preparations. Based on this， a risk prediction model was established and the ROC curve was drawn. The areas under the curve of the model group and validation group were 0.836 and 0.928， and the overall accuracy of the model’s prediction was 88.71%. CONCLUSIONS The predictive model based on the simultaneous use of 2 inhaled formulations， the number of acute exacerbations within one year ≥2， smoking， complicated with anxiety/depression， mMRC grading ≥2 levels has certain predictive value for the risk of non-compliance with inhaled formulations for COPD patients.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has spread worldwide and threatened human's health. With the passing of time, the epidemiology of coronavirus disease 2019 evolves and the knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 infection accumu-lates. To further improve the scientific and standardized diagnosis and treatment of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection in China, the Chinese Society of Perinatal Medicine of Chinese Medical Association commissioned leading experts to develop the Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Maternal SARS-CoV-2 Infection under the guidance of the Maternal and Child Health Department of the National Health Commission. This recommendations includes the epidemiology, diagnosis, management, maternal care, medication treatment, care of birth and newborns, and psychological support associated with maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection. It is hoped that the recommendations will effectively help the clinical management of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Mitochondrion is a multifunctional organelle in cells and responsible for energy production, cell apoptosis and various life processes. Dysfunctional mitochondria are associated with hundreds of diseases. Increasing evidences have shown that extracellular mitochondria can be endocytosed by cells, directly into cells, and then play roles in cells. Mitochondria are the organelles that are extremely sensitive to oxygen content and pH of microenvironment that induces the adverse effect based on the cellular environment: mitochondria will increase cell survival and viability when they arrive in cells of physiological environment, but mitochondria will cause cell death when they enter the hypoxic and acidic tumor tissues, because they can produce a large amounts of oxygen free radicals. The pharmacological feature of environmental responsiveness of mitochondria could make them as a potential biological drug to kill cancer cells and restore the function of damaged tissues. Currently, mitochondria are used in the treatment of central nervous system diseases (Parkinson's disease, depression, schizophrenia, etc.), peripheral system diseases (ischemic myocardial injury, fatty liver, emphysema, etc.) and tumor. In this review, we summarize the research progress, medical application and challenges of mitochondrial therapy.
Apoptosis ; Mitochondria

OBJECTIVE：To establish the fingerprint of Jingu tongxiao pill ，and to determine the contents of 7 components. METHODS：HPLC method was adopted. The determination was performed on Cosmosil 5C18-MS-Ⅱ column with acetonitrile- 0.02％ phosphoric acid solution as mobile phase （gradient elution ）at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was 230 nm and the column temperature was set at 25 ℃. The sample size was 10 μL. HPLC fingerprint of 10 batches of Jingu tongxiao pill was established by using Similarity Evaluation System of TCM Chromatographic Fingerprint （2012 edition），and common peak was identified by comparing with the mixed reference substance. The contents of corresponding components of the identified common peak were determined by the same HPLC method. RESULTS ：There were 20 common peaks in HPLC fingerprint of 10 batches of samples ，and the similarity with the control fingerprint was not less than 0.980. By comparing with the mixed reference substance， 7 components were identified ， which were loganic acid ，gentiopicroside，paeoniflorin，salvianolic acid B ， cryptotanshinone，tanshinone Ⅰ and tanshinone Ⅱ A. The linear range of the above 7 components were 4.509-45.090， 15.090-150.900，14.985-149.850，14.982-149.820，2.967-29.670，1.944-19.440，3.094-30.940 μg/mL（all r＞0.999），respectively. The limits of detection were 0.060 1，0.161 0，0.399 6，0.159 8，0.031 6，0.051 8，0.082 5 μg/mL，respectively. The limits of quantitation were 0.200 4，0.503 0，0.999 0，0.399 5，0.079 1，0.259 2，0.412 6 μg/mL，respectively. RSDs of precision ，stability （24 h） and reproducibility tests were all lower than 3.0％ （n＝6）. Average recoveries were 98.81％ -100.28％ ，RSDs were 0.20％-1.21％（n＝6）. In 10 batches of samples ，the contents of the above 7 components were 0.441 0-0.969 4，3.283 4-4.733 4， 1.947 7-3.674 9，1.336 6-2.270 9，0.293 2-0.372 1，0.190 2-0.293 9 and 0.352 8-0.518 8 mg/g，respectively. CONCLUSIONS ：In this study，HPLC fingerprint and content determination method of Jingu tongxiao pill are successfully established and can be used for quality control.

Objective:To explore the effects of computer-assisted cognitive behavioral therapy (CCBT) on anxiety, sleep and pain in orthopedic traumatic patients.Methods:Totally 80 traumatic patients receiving selective surgery in the Department of Orthopedics at First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University between February and September 2019 were selected by convenient sampling and randomized into an observation group and a control group, with 40 patients in each group. Patients in the control group received routine health education and psychological counseling, while patients in the observation group received CCBT 5 times on this basis. The Self-Anxiety Scale (SAS) , Asens Insomnia scale (AIS) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were used to evaluate the anxiety, sleep and pain status of the two groups before and after intervention.Results:The anxiety score of the observation group after receiving CCBT was (45.85±4.04) , lower than (49.60±2.27) of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=5.242, P< 0.05) . The sleep score of the observation group after intervention was (5.02±1.44) , lower than (6.42±1.44) of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=4.334, P< 0.05) . The pain score of the observation group after intervention was (3.75±1.17) , lower than (4.40±1.03) of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=2.816, P< 0.05) . Conclusions:CCBT can effectively ameliorate the anxiety, sleep and pain response of orthopedic traumatic patients, make psychological treatment more standardized, and benefit a wider population.

Objective: To analyze the effect of breakfast nutrition quality on the satiety among young white-collar workers. Methods: A total of 278 subjects were recruited from two cities, Shenyang and Chongqing, in June 2015. The inclusion criteria: white-collar workers aged 25-45 years involved mainly in office work, who did not experience major changes, and individuals who should follow the study protocol and sign the informed consent form. The study employed a three-phase crossover design trial. Each participant received nutritional-adequate breakfast, nutritional-inadequate breakfast, and no breakfast treatment on the basis of assignment to one of three sequences. The breakfast time was once a week and then changed, all participants underwent the tests for three successive weeks. At last, we compared the effect of participants to consume different nutritional quality on satiety sense and hunger sense. Results: A total of 232 participants completed three successive breakfast intervention studies, the age of participants was (35.2 ± 7.9) years, comprised of 48.7% male (n=113). The numbers of participants of aged 25-35 year-old and aged 36-45 were 118 and 114, respectively. Satiety scores of nutrition-adequate breakfast group, nutrition-inadequate breakfast group and no breakfast group were 63.5±14.7, 53.1±10.2 and 36.4±7.2, respectively (P<0.05). In nutrition-inadequate breakfast group and no breakfast group, male subjects scored significantly higher than female subjects (50.9±10.5 vs 46.6±9.4, 35.2±8.3 vs 31.8±5.4) (P<0.05). And, participants aged 25-35 year-old. got satiety score significantly higher than aged 36-45 (51.3±11.0 vs 45.6±12.1, 34.1±6.8 vs 32.5±7.9), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The scores of hunger in the group of nutrition-adequate breakfast, nutrition-inadequate breakfast and no breakfast were 26.3 ± 8.0, 35.1 ± 11.2 and 57.3 ± 17.0, respectively (P<0.05). Conclusion The nutrition quality of breakfast affects the satiety of young white-collar workers. The better the nutrition quality of breakfast is, the higher the satiety score and the lower the hunger score become. Compared with women and participants aged 36-45 year-old, men and those aged 25-35 year-old get satiety sense more easily.