The growth and development of children is a complex and biological process influenced by a combination of factors such as genetics，environment，and nutrition. In recent years，DNA methylation，as a key epigenetic modification，has received widespread attention for its critical role in regulating gene expression and maintaining cellular functions. Nutrients affect DNA methylation through one-carbon metabolism and thereby mediate children 's growth and development in multiple aspects. This paper systematically reviews the topic，with a particular focus on the mechanisms of key nutrient intake during fetal and early childhood periods influencing life-long health and multigenerational effects. Additionally，the paper highlights the importance of individualized nutritional intervention. Based on the synthesis of multidisciplinary research findings，this review provides a reference for developing more effective public health strategies and personalized clinical intervention plans.