Objective To analyze the epidemiological and pathogenic characteristics of acute respiratory in-fection in Yangpu District of Shanghai,and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of re-spiratory tract infection.Methods A total of 1 062 patients diagnosed with acute respiratory infection in the hospital from June 2023 to June 2024 were selected as the research objects.The nucleic acid of 13 pathogens in nasopharyngeal swabs of patients was detected and the positive rate was calculated.The positive rate of differ-ent age groups and seasons was analyzed.Results Among 1 062 patients,716 cases were detected positive,the total positive rate was 67.42%,of which 577 cases were single infection,the positive rate was 54.33%.The top five positive pathogens were Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP,16.48%),human coronavirus(HCOV,9.42%),human rhinovirus(HRV,7.63%),human metapneumovirus(HMPV,5.46%)and parainfluenza vi-rus(HPIV,3.39%).A total of 139 cases were infected with multiple pathogens,with a positive rate of 13.09%.MP,HRV,and HCOV were the dominant pathogens,which were prone to multiple infections.A to-tal of 139 cases were infected with multiple pathogens,with a positive rate of 13.09%.MP,HRV,and HCOV were the dominant pathogens,which were prone to multiple infections.The total positive rate of respiratory pathogens in children was 86.38%,the positive rates of single infection and multiple infection were 65.12%and 21.26%,respectively,which were significantly higher than those in other age groups(P<0.05).Among the 577 children with single infection,MP and HRV were the main pathogens in children,MP and HCOV were the main pathogens in young and middle-aged patients,and HCOV and HRV were the main pathogens in the elderly patients.The total positive rate of pathogens was the highest in winter(69.88%),and the lowest in summer(49.54%).HRV had the highest positive rate in spring,HCOV had the highest positive rate in summer,MP had the highest positive rate in autumn,and influenza virus(including influenza A virus,influen-za A/H3N2 virus,influenza B virus)had the highest positive rate in winter(P<0.05).Conclusion MP,HCOV,HRV,HMPV and HPIV are the top five pathogens of acute respiratory tract infection in Yangpu dis-trict of Shanghai.The etiological characteristics were related to age and seasonality of patients.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the current status and characteristics of occupational exposure in a stomato-logical hospital and explore the influencing factors for occupational exposure among dentists so as to propose pre-ventive and control measures for occupational exposure in the stomatological hospital.METHODS A retrospective study was carried out to analyze 180 incidents of occupational exposures in Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affili-ated to Qingdao University from 2020 to 2024,involving the departments,names,genders,age,average annual workload,average annual outpatient days,exposure links,instruments leading to exposures,exposure sources,occupational type and professional titles.The incidence of occupational exposure was compared among the subjects with different occupations,professional titles and department affiliations.Logistic regression analysis was per-formed for the influencing factors for the occupational exposures among the dentists.RESULTS The incidence of occupational exposures was 7.52％(180/2395)within the 5 years,and the sharp instrument injury(99.40％)was the predominant exposure approach.The department of oral and maxillofacial surgery,department of restorative dentisty and department of prosthodontics were the departments at high risk of occupational exposures.There was significant difference in the incidence of occupational exposures among the staff and the doctors with different pro-fessional titles(P＜0.05).The subjects for whom the exposure source was positive or failed to be tracked accoun-ted for 56.11％.The professional title(OR=0.328)was a protective factor for the occupational exposure among the doctors,and the high-risk department(OR=4.912)was a risk factor for the occupational exposure(P＜0.05).CONCLUSIONS The occupational exposures to the stomatology department staff are characterized by high prevalence,monotonous type,concentrated distribution of populations and uncontrollable occupational exposures.It is necessary to complete the preoperative screening of infectious diseases,strengthen the awareness of prevention,standardize the technical procedures and boost the innovation of auxiliary instruments so as to re-duce the incidence of occupational exposures.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the current status and characteristics of occupational exposure in a stomato-logical hospital and explore the influencing factors for occupational exposure among dentists so as to propose pre-ventive and control measures for occupational exposure in the stomatological hospital.METHODS A retrospective study was carried out to analyze 180 incidents of occupational exposures in Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affili-ated to Qingdao University from 2020 to 2024,involving the departments,names,genders,age,average annual workload,average annual outpatient days,exposure links,instruments leading to exposures,exposure sources,occupational type and professional titles.The incidence of occupational exposure was compared among the subjects with different occupations,professional titles and department affiliations.Logistic regression analysis was per-formed for the influencing factors for the occupational exposures among the dentists.RESULTS The incidence of occupational exposures was 7.52％(180/2395)within the 5 years,and the sharp instrument injury(99.40％)was the predominant exposure approach.The department of oral and maxillofacial surgery,department of restorative dentisty and department of prosthodontics were the departments at high risk of occupational exposures.There was significant difference in the incidence of occupational exposures among the staff and the doctors with different pro-fessional titles(P＜0.05).The subjects for whom the exposure source was positive or failed to be tracked accoun-ted for 56.11％.The professional title(OR=0.328)was a protective factor for the occupational exposure among the doctors,and the high-risk department(OR=4.912)was a risk factor for the occupational exposure(P＜0.05).CONCLUSIONS The occupational exposures to the stomatology department staff are characterized by high prevalence,monotonous type,concentrated distribution of populations and uncontrollable occupational exposures.It is necessary to complete the preoperative screening of infectious diseases,strengthen the awareness of prevention,standardize the technical procedures and boost the innovation of auxiliary instruments so as to re-duce the incidence of occupational exposures.

BACKGROUND: Tissue engineering is increasingly viewed as a promising avenue for functional cartilage reconstruction.However, chondrocyte dedifferentiation during in vitro culture remains an obstacle for clinical translation of tissue engineered cartilage. Re-differentiated induction have been employed to induce dedifferentiated chondrocytes back to their original phenotype. Regrettably, these strategies have been proven to be only moderately effective. METHODS: To explore underlying mechanism, RNA transcriptome sequencing was conducted on primary chondrocytes (P0), dedifferentiated chondrocytes (P5), and redifferentiated chondrocytes (redifferentiation-induction of P5, P5.R). Based on multiple bioinformatics analysis, LGR5 was identified as a target gene. Subsequently, stable cell lines with LGR5 knocking-down and overexpression were established using P0 chondrocytes. The phenotypic changes in P1 and P5 chondrocytes with either LGR5 knockdown or overexpression were assessed to ascertain the potential influence of LGR5 dysregulation on chondrocyte phenotypes. Regulatory mechanism was then investigated using bioinformatic analysis, protein–protein docking, immunofluorescence co-localization and immunoprecipitation. RESULTS: The current study found that dysregulation of LGR5 can significantly impact the dedifferentiated phenotypes of chondrocytes (P5). Upregulation of LGR5 appears to activate the PI3K/AKT signal via increasing the phosphorylation levels of AKT (p-AKT1). Moreover, the increase of p-AKT1 may stabilize b-catenin and enhance the intensity of Wnt/b-catenin signal, and help to restore the dedifferentated phenotype of chondrocytes. CONCLUSION LGR5 can modulate the phenotypes of chondrocytes in P5 passage through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

The central nervous system is susceptible to the modulation of various neurophysiological processes by the cytochrome P450 enzyme(CYP),which plays a crucial role in the metabolism of neurosteroids.The antiepileptic drug phenytoin(PHT)has been observed to induce neuronal side effects in patients,which could be attributed to its induction of CYP expression and testosterone(TES)metabolism in the hip-pocampus.While pregnane X receptor(PXR)is widely known for its regulatory function of CYPs in the liver,we have discovered that the treatment of mice with pregnenolone 16α-carbonitrile(PCN),a PXR agonist,has differential effects on CYP expression in the liver and hippocampus.Specifically,the PCN treatment resulted in the induction of cytochrome P450,family 3,subfamily a,polypeptide 11(CYP3A11),and CYP2B10 expression in the liver,while suppressing their expression in the hippocampus.Func-tionally,the PCN treatment protected mice from PHT-induced hippocampal nerve injury,which was accompanied by the inhibition of TES metabolism in the hippocampus.Mechanistically,we found that the inhibition of hippocampal CYP expression and attenuation of PHT-induced neurotoxicity by PCN were glucocorticoid receptor dependent,rather than PXR independent,as demonstrated by genetic and pharmacological models.In conclusion,our study provides evidence that PCN can negatively regulate hippocampal CYP expression and attenuate PHT-induced hippocampal neurotoxicity independently of PXR.Our findings suggest that glucocorticoids may be a potential therapeutic strategy for managing the neuronal side effects of PHT.

The seventh article of Measures for the Ethical Review of Biomedical Research Involving Humans (2016) stipulated that medical and health institutions without an ethics committee shall not carry out biomedical research involving Humans. The Opinions on Strengthening the Governance of Ethics in Science and Technology, issued in March 2022, clearly stated that the institutions that do not meet the conditions for establishing a scientific and technological ethics (review) committee should entrust other institutions to conduct the review. The fourteenth article of Measures for Ethical Review of Life Science and Medical Research Involving Humans (2023) proposes that if an institution, which carries out life science and medical research involving humans, has not established an ethics committee or its ethics committee is not competent for ethics review, it can entrust a competent ethics committee or regional ethics committee in writing to carry out ethical review. Most medical institutions at or above the second level in China have set up ethics committees. While most universities and colleges, scientific research institutions, enterprises and grass-roots medical and health institutions have not set up ethics committees, which lack a working system to protect the safety and interests of the participants, and is difficult to conduct life sciences and medical research involving humans. At present, there is a need for some research institutions that do not have the conditions to establish ethics committees to entrust their projects of life science and medical research involving humans to other institutions for ethical review. The entrusted review is still in the exploratory stage, and there is no relevant specification. The hasty implementation of entrusted review may not achieve the goal of effectively protecting the safety and interests of the participants, and even cause legal disputes. Based on the thematic discussion, with reference to the relevant laws and regulations, departmental rules, ethical standards, and the experience of the ethics committees of some domestic institutions in implementing the entrusted review, the guideline was formulated for the reference of the current entrusted review to ensure the safety and interests of the participants.

The passing of ethical review is a necessary conditions and prerequisite for the development of life science and medical research involving humans. At present, some medical and health institutions have no or insufficient ethical review capabilities. The lack of ethical review ability has become a bottleneck restricting the development of life science and medical research involving humans. According to documents such as Opinions on Deepening the Reform of the Review and Approval System and Encouraging the Innovation of Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices, Opinions on Strengthening the Ethical Governance of Science and Technology, institutions can entrust competent institutional ethics review committees or regional ethics review committees in writing to conduct ethical review. Entrustment ethical review provides a viable solution for institutions that need to carry out life science and medical research involving humans but do not have an ethics (review) committee or the ethics (review) committee is not competent to review. To conduct the entrustment ethical review, the entrustment between the principal and the trustee is required. According to The Measures for Ethical Review of Life Sciences and Medical Research Involving Humans, if medical and health institutions and their ethical review committees do not accept the formal entrustment to provide the ethical review opinions for other institutions, the local health authorities at or above the county level will impose administrative penalties and sanctions on the relevant institutions and personnel in accordance with the law. Signing the entrustment ethical review contract, implementing legal compliance entrusted ethical review to protect the rights and interests of the trustee and the principal, and protect the research participants.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence and genotypes of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in Dongguan region of Guangdong Province and assess the efficacy and feasibility of flow-through hybridization. METHODS: Peripheral blood samples were randomly selected and detected by modified G6PD/6PGD ratio method. Flow-through hybridization was used to detect 14 G6PD mutations among all samples. RESULTS: In total 1005 samples were collected, the detection rate for modified G6PD/6PGD ratio method and flow-through hybridization were 2.79% and 20.90%, respectively. The consistency of the two methods was poor(Kappa=0.187). When c.1311C>T mutation is excluded, the consistency of the two methods was good for males (Kappa=0.952) but still poor for females (Kappa=0.194). The most common mutations were c.1376G>T, c.1388G>A and c.95A>G. No G6PD deficiency was found among those only carrying the c.1311C>T mutation. CONCLUSION Flow-through hybridization can simultaneously detect 14 loci, covering over 90% of common mutations in Chinese population, and can be easily expanded. The routine method may miss many females carrying homozygous, compound heterozygous and heterozygous mutations, but the detection rate for male hemizygous mutation was much higher.
China ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Female ; Genetic Testing ; Genotype ; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase ; genetics ; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation

Objective To construct a cardiovascular surgery nursing service action plan system based on patient's demand so as to provide a reference for nurse specialisms of cardiovascular surgery to provide good service for patients.Methods From January 2017 to June 2017, patients of cardiovascular surgery of a ClassⅢ Grade A hospital were investigated with the self-designed patients' demand for nursing service questionnaire according to literature analysis and interview results of patients. Weights of the primary index and secondary index were calculated by analytic hierarchy process so as to construct a cardiovascular surgery nursing service action plan system based on patient's demand.Results The cardiovascular surgery nursing service action plan system based on patient's demand included 5 primary indexes and 78 secondary indexes. The Cronbach's α of patients' demand for nursing service questionnaire was 0.974 with a good internal consistency. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) was 0.843, andP value of Bartlett sphericity test was less than 0.001 with a good construct validity. The normalized weight coefficients of 5 primary indexes (physiological needs, safety needs, belongingness and love needs, self-esteem needs and self-actualization needs) were 0.2205, 0.4798, 0.0771, 0.1339 and 0.0887 respectively with 0.0488 for the consistency ratio (CR). TheCR of 21 secondary indexes of physiological needs, 19 secondary indexes of safety needs, 11 secondary indexes of belongingness and love needs, 20 secondary indexes of self-esteem needs and 7 secondary indexes of self-actualization needs was 0.0488, 0.0508, 0.0823, 0.0877 and 0.0746 respectively. TheCR was all less than 0.1 showed a satisfactory consistency in the results of hierarchy sequencing.Conclusions The construction of cardiovascular surgerynursing service action plan system based on patient's demand with the strict scientific method improves patient satisfaction. It is worth to be a reference for nursing peers and managers of cardiovascular surgery.

Objective To explore the effects of family-based symptoms self-management program on quality of life,psychology,physiologic function and other rehabilitation indexes in myocardial infarction(MI) patients. Methods A total of 146 myocardial infarction patients from Nanjing Gaochun People′s Hospital, the Branch of Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital were selected by convenience sampling from January 2013 to January 2016. They were divided into control group(n=72,routine health education provided by cardiovascular specialist nurse,three times a week,12 weeks)and experimental group(n=74,family-based symptoms self-management program,12 weeks)with the random number table. And then,the quality of life,psychology, physiologic function and other rehabilitation indexes were compared between two groups. Results The scores of four dimensions on physical activity,diet,concerns over medication and medical side effects of the myocardial infarction dimensional assessment scale(MIDAS)in experimental group were lower than those in control group with significant differences(t=53.31,60.90,71.89,24.69;P<0.05). The scores of two dimensions on anxiety and depression of the hospital anxiety and depression scale(HADS)in experimental group were significantly lower than those in control group(t=36.76,30.05;P < 0.05). The total cholesterol,triglyceride,blood pressure,body mass index and preprandial blood glucose in experimental group were lower than those in control group with significant differences(t=31.86,29.34,36.28,35.34,33.55,31.86;P < 0.05). Compared with control group,the family-based symptoms self-management program could effectively reduce the readmission rate of myocardial infarction patients,the incidence of complications,quit smoking rate and increase the exercise time weekly with significant differences(χ2/t=5.13,4.00,4.78,38.90;P<0.05). Conclusions The family-based symptoms self-management program for 12 weeks can improve the quality of life of MI patients, relieve anxiety and depression and debase the levels of MI related physiological indexes and other rehabilitation indexes.