Objective To evaluate the clinical application of enteral nutrition by nasojejunal tube insertion and by percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) in elderly patients.Methods A total of 65 elderly patients with dysphagia recruited at our department from January 2010 to November 2014 were divided into the nasojejunal tube feeding group (35 cases) and the PEG feeding group (30 cases).Differences between these two groups in nutritional indexes,immunological indexes,complications and mortality were analyzed retrospectively.Results Serum total protein,albumin and prealbumin and upper arm circumferences all increased after treatment with nasojejunal tube feeding or percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (P＞0.05).There was overall improvement in nutritional status,as assessed by Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS2002).Specifically,the before/one month-after-treatment ratio of scores was 3.72±0.91/1.90±0.61 (t=7.24,P＜0.01) for the nasojejunal tube feeding group and 3.52±1.23/2.02±0.53 (t=4.17,P＜0.01) for the PEG feeding group.Compared with NRS2002 scores at one month post-operation,further improvement was achieved at 3 months postoperation both for the nasojejunal tube feeding group (1.89±0.65,t=5.21,P＜0.01) and for the PEG feeding group (1.91±0.62,t=4.40,P＜0.01).There was no difference in the indexes of nutrition,immune status or mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05).Although improvement in CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+,IgA,IgG,and IgM was seen in both groups after operation,the differences did not reach statistical significance (P＞0.05).The incidence of aspiration pneumonia was notably lower (P＜0.05) while the incidence of diarrhea was much higher (P＜0.05) in the nasojejunal tube feeding group than in the PEG feeding group at one month and three months.The two groups had similar causes of death and mortality rates.Conclusion Both nasojejunal tube and PEG feeding can improve the nutritional status of elderly patients with dysphagia.However,the choice for the route of nutrition should be individualized.

World Health Organization believes traditional Chinese medicine is used widely in the world. In order to fit in the new tendency, Chinese government has supported a large number of international cooperation projects of science and technology in the field in the recent years and that offered powerful support and good chances for international development of traditional Chinese medicine. Based on work experience of international science and technology cooperation project, the paper provides practical suggestions about application organizing, agreement signing, focus selecting and project implementing for international cooperation of traditional Chinese medicine. It suggests summarizing the experience of international cooperation for better implementation of science and technology projects frequently, and that will elevate the level of these projects, bring forward more achievements and promote the further international development of traditional Chinese medicine.

OBJECTIVETo study the mechanism of secondary metabolites of some phenolic acids in the hairy roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza induced by methyl jasmonate.

METHODThe hairy roots of S. miltiorrhiza were induced with methyl jasmonate (100 micromol x L(-1)) and collected at 0, 12, 24, 36 h after treatment. Real-time quantitative PCR was used for detecting the mRNA expression level of the key enzyme genes on the secondary metabolites pathway of rosmarinic acid, while a LC-MS method was developed to determine the content of rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid and salvianolic acid B.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThe concentration of phenolic acids grew up and accumulated quickly in the hairy roots with exogenous signal molecule MJ induced, and it was showed that the content of CA and RA reached the maximum after 24 h and the content of LAB reached the maximum in 36 h by MJ induced. The induction mechanism may be activated with different levels of RA synthesis in PAL, 4CL, C4H genes on the key enzyme phenylalanine pathway and TAT, HPPR genes on tyrosine pathway. The time of gene expression was different, among them, 4CL and PAL genes were more important. In a word, the result can provide some basis data about the mechanism of secondary metabolites of phenolic acids for further research.

Cyclopentanes ; analysis ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Hydroxybenzoates ; analysis ; metabolism ; Oxylipins ; analysis ; metabolism ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry ; enzymology ; genetics ; metabolism

The paper introduces the current situation and the characteristics of the medicinal plant core collection. It expounds the significance and research methods for the medicinal plant core collection based on molecular phylogeography. Guided by molecular phylogeography, the essay explores the feasibility and methods of medicinal plant core collection for the medicinal plants with rich wild resources and without wild resources. It further forecasts the application of medicinal plant core collection methods on the basis of molecular phylogegraphy.
Chloroplasts ; genetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Haplotypes ; Phylogeography ; Plants, Medicinal ; genetics ; Scutellaria baicalensis ; genetics

This paper introduced a new identification method, the 2-dimensional molecular marking method (2-DM), for Chinese materia medica identification. It can be used in genuine/false discriminating and quality evaluating for the Chinese materia medica. Concept, principle and process of 2-DM method were introduced in this paper. The technical advantages and contributions of 2-DM method in the study of Chinese materia medica were also discussed. Generally speaking, the occurring of 2-DM method would not only expand connotation of identification of Chinese materia medica but provide another effective way for quality evaluating.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control

OBJECTIVETo study the biomass structure of Epimedium acuminatum Franch in the different ecological environments for the development and protection.

METHODThrough the scientific investigation in four typical habitats, the sampling spots were set up, the functional modules' biomass structure and relationship of E. acuminatum were researched.

RESULTThe average of rhizome, as the largest biomass, and the average total biomass had the same pattern: the open areas of forest edge > shrub lumber > shrub-weed > stream drains. The ratio of the functional modules' biomass had different rates under different habitat conditions. By analyzing and combining investigation, the aerial part of E. acuminatum in the shrub-weed were comparative advantage, and the roots of nutrient accumulation of E. acuminatum in the open areas of forest edge were the highest efficient. Under different ecological condition, the distribution of water metabolism was different strategies.

CONCLUSIONIn the open areas of forest edge, E. acuminatum growing well, followed by shrub-weed. These two habitats are the ideal ecological environments while the rhizome or the whole plant used as medicine, but also the protection of E. acuminatum.

Biomass ; Ecosystem ; Epimedium ; growth & development

The application of elicitors, which is currently the focus of research, has been considered as one of the most effective methods to improve the synthesis of secondary metabolites in medicinal plants. Biotic and abiotic elicitors can regulate the secondary metabolic pathways of effective ingredients in Salvia miltiorrhiza. This paper has introduced the research progress about the induction and the regulation mechanism of S. miltiorrhiza by elicitors.
Biosynthetic Pathways ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; drug effects ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo identify endophytic fungi bn12 from Cinnamomum camphora chvar, borneol and analysis its volatile metabolites.

METHODThe endophytic fungi bn12 was identified by morphological observation. volatile metabolites of endophytic fungi bn12 was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrography (GC-MS).

RESULTVolatile metabolites of endophytic fungi bn12 contain borneol and much indoles. The ITS sequence of endophytic fungi bnl2 is most similar to the ITS sequence of pleosporaceae fungus, particularly C. nisikadoi.

CONCLUSIONEndophytic fungi bn12 is belong to pleosporaceae fungus. It has the ability of producing broneol.

Bornanes ; analysis ; Cinnamomum camphora ; microbiology ; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer ; genetics ; Endophytes ; genetics ; metabolism ; Fungi ; classification ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Phylogeny ; Volatile Organic Compounds ; analysis

To find the identification method of seeds from different locations, we analyzed the SDS-PAGE electrophoretogram of Magnolia officinalis seeds from 5 different locations of Enshi district, Hubei province, the genuine producing area of M. officinalis, and compared band numbers, band intensity and protein molecular weight of different locations. The result showed that there were significant differences among seeds from different locations. 9 bands with the molecular weight about 80.34, 63.07, 56.48, 51.32, 40.64, 25.18, 22.63, 21.70, 18.14 kDa were involved in all seeds electrophoretograms and could be as standard bands of M. officinalis seeds. Seeds from Badong county, Jianshi county and Enshi city had their own special bands which were very different from other locations. So this electrophresis method can be applied to identify different locations of M. officinalis seeds.
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Magnolia ; chemistry ; Molecular Weight ; Plant Proteins ; analysis ; Seeds ; chemistry